Biochemical responses in Pacific oysters Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793): Tools to evaluate the environmental quality of aquaculture areas.

The discharge of sanitary sewage into the bays of the Florianópolis Metropolitan Area (Southern Brazil), has led to the contamination of oyster farms. Consequently, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were quantified in the sediment, and the biochemical responses in gills and digestive gland of oysters from six farms were assessed. Our findings revealed elevated levels of LABs in the sediment of the Imaruim and Serraria farms. Additionally, alterations were observed in the antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in both oyster tissue from the Serraria, Santo Antonio de Lisboa and Sambaqui farms. Furthermore, correlation analyses indicated strong and moderate associations between biochemical responses, organic contaminants, and certain physicochemical parameters. Consequently, our results demonstrated the activation of the antioxidant system in oysters, representing a protective response to the presence of sanitary sewage and other contaminants. Therefore, we propose the utilization of biochemical biomarkers for monitoring the environmental quality of farms.

Emerging and legacy contaminants on the Brazilian southern coast (Santa Catarina): A multi-biomarker approach in oysters Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757).

Coastal environments, such as those in the Santa Catarina State (SC, Brazil), are considered the primary receptors of anthropogenic pollutants. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the levels of emerging contaminants (ECs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in indigenous Crassostrea gasar oysters from different regions of SC coast in the summer season (March 2022). Field collections were conducted in the São Francisco do Sul, Itajaí, Florianópolis and Laguna coastal zones. We analyzed the bioaccumulation levels of 75 compounds, including antibiotics (AB), endocrine disruptors (ED), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Furthermore, we assessed biomarker responses related to biotransformation, antioxidant defense, heat shock protection and oxidative damage in oysters' gills. Prevalence of ECs was observed in the central and southern regions, while the highest concentrations of POPs were detected in the central-northern regions of SC. Oysters exhibited an induction in biotransformation systems (cyp2au1 and cyp356a1, sult and GST activity) and antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and GPx). Higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was observed in the animals from Florianópolis compared to other regions. Correlation analyses indicated possible associations between contaminants and environmental variables in the biomarker responses, serving as a warning related to climate change. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic activities on SC, serving as baseline of ECs and POPs levels in the coastal areas of Santa Catarina, indicating more critical zones for extensive monitoring, aiming to conserve coastal regions.

Comparative biochemical and molecular responses of biotransformation and antioxidant systems in three species of Crassostrea (Sacco, 1897) oysters exposed to chrysene.

Chrysene (CHR) is among the most persistent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water and a priority compound for pollutants monitoring, due to its carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential. Aquatic animals exposed to CHR may present alterations of biomarkers involved in the biotransformation and oxidative stress-related parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in antioxidant and biotransformation (phase I and II) systems of Crassostrea gigas, C. gasar and C. rhizophorae and its effects resulting from CHR exposure. Adult oysters of these species were exposed to 10 µg L-1 of CHR for 24 h and 96 h. In gills, the transcripts CYP1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU1-like, GSTO-like, MGST-like, SULT-like were evaluated after 24 h of exposure. The activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and G6PDH were analyzed in gills and digestive glands after 96 h of exposure. CHR bioaccumulated in tissues. Differences in the remaining levels of CHR in water after 96 h were observed in aquaria containing C. gigas or C. gasar oysters and may be associated to the different filtration rates between these species. Downregulate of biotransformation genes were observed in gills of C. gasar (CYP2AU1-like and GSTO-like) and C. rhizophorae (CYP1-like1, CYP2-like, MGST-like and SULT-like), suggesting that biotransformation responses may be species-specific. Differential activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in gills and digestive gland of oysters exposed to CHR. Biochemical responses suggested that C. gigas and C. gasar are more responsive to CHR. Differential responses observed among the three Crassostrea species can be related to evolutionary differences, ecological niches and adaptation to environment.

Characterisation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in sea turtle Chelonia mydas.

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes conjugate many lipophilic chemicals, such as drugs, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds, promoting their excretion. The complexity of UGT kinetics, and the location of enzyme active site in endoplasmic reticulum lumen, requires an accurate optimisation of enzyme assays.In the present study, we characterised UGT activity in liver microsomes of green turtles (Chelonia mydas), an endangered species. The conditions for measuring UGT activity were standardised through spectrofluorimetric methods, using the substrates 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) at 30 °C and pH 7.4.The green turtles showed UGT activity at the saturating concentrations of substrates of 250 µM to 4-MU and 7 mM to UDPGA. The alamethicin, Brij®58, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and magnesium increased UGT activity. The assay using alamethicin (22 µg per mg of protein), magnesium (1 mM), and BSA (0.25%) reached the highest Vmax (1203 pmol·min-1mg·protein-1). Lithocholic acid and diclofenac inhibited UGT activity in green turtles.This study is the first report of UGT activity in the liver of green turtles and provides a base for future studies to understand the mechanisms of toxicity by exposure to contaminants in this charismatic species.

[Formula: see text]Socioeconomic aspects are crucial to better intellectual outcome in early-treated adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important cause of preventable intellectual disability. Implementation of CH neonatal screening programs leading to early treatment has improved cognitive outcome. However, more subtle cognitive impairments are still reported, and there is lack of clarity regarding factors that impact long-term cognitive outcome. Research to better understand these factors can lead to further improvements in the cognitive prognosis for these patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the cognitive performance of adolescents who were early-treated for primary permanent CH and possible associated variables. Neurocognitive evaluation was carried out in 66 adolescents, 11 to 16 years old: 34 with CH and 29 paired controls. Intellectual quotient (IQ), verbal fluency, processing speed, executive functions, and memory were investigated. CH patients and control subjects were comparable regarding sex, age, schooling, family's socioeconomic status and caregiver's educational level. Both groups presented not only similar IQ scores but also equivalent performances regarding Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory and Processing Speed index scores. Patients presenting different CH etiologies (dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis) showed similar cognitive performance. Socioeconomic aspects along with the initial levothyroxine dose were the main variables to positively influence the cognitive performance, the family's socioeconomic status having the strongest association with patients' cognitive skills.

O lazer no pedaço: a área central de Joinville/SC e as categorias de José Magnani / The leisure in the 'turf': the central area of Joinville/SC and the categories of analysis of José Magnani

Este estudo apresenta um olhar acerca das áreas de lazer no centro de Joinville/SC a partir dos estudos do antropólogo José G. Cantor Magnani e suas categorias de análise que ajudam a interpretar a dinâmica de um determinado lugar. O artigo se divide em três partes, sendo a primeira introdutória com abordagem teórica sobre o direito a cidade e os espaços de lazer, a segunda traz uma revisão sobre alguns textos de Magnani que enfocam o lazer em áreas centrais e, na terceira, se apresenta um pequeno estudo de caso da Praça Nereu Ramos, situada na área Central da cidade de Joinville/SC onde são realizadas reflexões com base no autor estudado. Este estudo foi realizado com apoio documental, uma pesquisa qualitativa que procura utilizar as bases teóricas de análise de Magnani em um caso empírico particular. Como resultados, se tem uma análise dos espaços centrais de lazer e uma reflexão sobre suas significações no mundo contemporâneo.

This study presents a look at the leisure areas in the center of Joinville / SC based on the studies of the anthropologist José G. Cantor Magnani and his categories of analysis that help to interpret the dynamics of a certain place. The article is divided into three parts, the first is the introduction with a theoretical approach on the city rights and leisure spaces. The second one reviews texts written by Magnani that focus on leisure in central areas and, the third, it is a small case study of the Nereu Ramos Square, located in the Central area of the city of Joinville/SC, where reflections are carried out based on Magnani studies. This study was conducted with documentary support, a qualitative research that seeks to use the theoretical bases of Magnani's analysis in a particular empirical case. As results, we have an analysis of the central spaces of leisure and a reflection on their meanings in the contemporary world.

Translation and Validation of the Patient Activation Measure in Portuguese People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Management of diabetes mellitus is largely dependent on patients' active participation in care. The 'Patient Activation Measure 13' assesses patients' knowledge, skills, and confidence in self-care. We aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the 'Patient Activation Measure 13' to Portuguese, in people with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation occurred in six phases. A convenience sample of people with type 2 diabetes was recruited from the waiting rooms of a diabetes outpatient centre in Lisbon, between March and April 2014. The questionnaire was self-administered; medical records were reviewed to obtain glycated haemoglobin levels. Main statistical analyses were based on the Rasch rating scale model. RESULTS: The response rate for the final questionnaire was 76%. Rasch analysis was conducted on 193 respondents. Respondents had a mean age of 67.1 (SD 10.1) years, 42.7% were women, and the mean patient activation measure score (0 - 100) in the sample was 58.5 (SD 10.1). The sample was low to moderate in terms of activation: 40.4% were low in activation (levels 1 and 2), 49.7% were in level 3, and 9.8% were in level 4, the highest level of activation. All items had good fit and the response categories functioned well. Item reliability was 0.97 and person reliability was between 0.77 (real) and 0.83 (model). DISCUSSION: The 'Patient Activation Measure 13' was translated and culturally adapted to European Portuguese and validated in people with diabetes, showing good psychometric properties. Future research should aim at evaluating test-retest reliability of the Portuguese 'Patient Activation Measure 13', and exploring its ability to measure changes in activation over time. CONCLUSION: The 'Patient Activation Measure 13' is now available in European Portuguese and has good psychometric properties.

Introdução: A gestão da diabetes mellitus é, em grande parte, dependente da participação ativa dos doentes no processo de cuidados. O questionário de ativação do doente (Patient Activation Measure 13) avalia o conhecimento, capacidade técnica e confiança do doente nos auto-cuidados. Este estudo teve como objetivo a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do questionário Patient Activation Measure 13 para português, em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. Material e Métodos: A tradução e adaptação cultural ocorreu em seis fases. O recrutamento decorreu nas salas de espera da Associação Protetora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, entre março e abril de 2014 (amostra de conveniência). O questionário foi auto- administrado; os valores de hemoglobina glicada foram obtidos a partir do processo clínico eletrónico. A análise psicométrica baseou- se no modelo de Rasch. Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 76% e 193 indivíduos foram incluídos na análise psicométrica. A idade média dos participantes foi 67 (desvio padrão 10,1) anos, 42,7% eram mulheres, e a média do score do Patient Activation Measure (0 - 100) na amostra foi 58,5 (desvio padrão 10,1). A amostra apresentou níveis baixos a moderados de ativação. Todos os itens apresentaram bom ajuste e as categorias de resposta funcionaram adequadamente. A fiabilidade dos itens foi 0,97 e a fiabilidade das pessoas encontrou-se entre 0,77 (real) e 0,83 (modelo). Discussão: O Patient Activation Measure 13 foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para português, bem como validado em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, revelando boas propriedades psicométricas. Estudos futuros deverão avaliar a fiabilidade teste-reteste do Patient Activation Measure 13 Português e explorar a capacidade do mesmo em avaliar alterações na ativação ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: O Patient Activation Measure 13 está agora disponível para utilização na população Portuguesa, apresentando boas propriedades psicométricas.

Incidence of falls and preventive actions in a University Hospital. / Incidência de quedas e ações preventivas em um Hospital Universitário.

Objective Describing the incidence of falls and its relation with preventive actions developed in a Brazilian university hospital. Method A retrospective longitudinal study. Hospitalized adult patients in the clinical, surgical, psychiatric and emergency units who suffered a fall in the institution, and who had the event notified in the period from January 2011 to December 2015 were included in the study. The data were collected from the institution's management information system and analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. Results There were 2,296 falls, with a mean incidence of 1.70 falls/1,000 patients per day. An increase in the incidence of falls was observed in the period from 2011 (1.61) to 2012 (2.03). In the following years, the incidence of falls decreased from 1.83 falls/1,000 patients per day in 2013 to 1.42 falls/1,000 patients per day in 2015. The incidence of falls accompanied an implementation of preventive actions, suggesting the impact of such interventions in reducing the event occurrence. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the importance of implementing preventive interventions in reducing the incidence of falls in hospitalized patients.

Incidência de quedas e ações preventivas em um Hospital Universitário / Incidencia de caídas y acciones preventivas en un Hospital Universitario / Incidence of falls and preventive actions in a University Hospital

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a incidência das quedas e a sua relação com as ações preventivas desenvolvidas em um hospital universitário brasileiro. Método Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes adultos, internados em unidades clínicas, cirúrgicas, psiquiátrica e de emergência, que sofreram queda na instituição, e tiveram o evento notificado no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2015. Os dados foram coletados no sistema de informação gerenciais da instituição e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados Ocorreram 2.296 quedas, com uma média de incidência de 1,70 quedas/1.000 pacientes-dia. Houve aumento na incidência de quedas no período de 2011 (1,61) a 2012 (2,03). Nos anos seguintes, a incidência de quedas apresentou redução de 1,83 quedas/1.000 pacientes-dia em 2013 para 1,42 quedas/1.000 pacientes-dia em 2015. A incidência de quedas acompanhou a implementação de ações preventivas, sugerindo impacto destas intervenções na redução da ocorrência do evento. Conclusão Os achados demonstram a importância da implementação de intervenções preventivas na redução da incidência de quedas em pacientes hospitalizados.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la incidencia de las caídas y su relación con las acciones preventivas desarrolladas en un hospital universitario brasileño. Método Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo. Fueron incluidos pacientes adultos, ingresados en unidades clínicas, quirúrgicas, psiquiátricas y de emergencia, que sufrieron caída en el centro y tuvieron el evento notificado en el período de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2015. Los datos fueron recolectados en el sistema de información de gestión del centro y analizados en el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados Ocurrieron 2.296 caídas, con un promedio de incidencia de 1,70 caídas/1.000 pacientes-día. Hubo incremento en la incidencia de caídas en el período de 2011 (1,61) a 2012 (2,03). En los años siguientes, la incidencia de caídas presentó reducción de 1,83 caídas/1.000 pacientesdía en 2013 para 1,42 caídas/1.000 pacientes-día en 2015. La incidencia de caídas acompañó la implantación de acciones preventivas, sugiriendo el impacto de dichas intervenciones en la reducción de la ocurrencia del evento. Conclusión Los hallazgos demuestran la importancia de la implantación de intervenciones preventivas en la reducción de la incidencia de caídas en pacientes hospitalizados.

ABSTRACT Objective Describing the incidence of falls and its relation with preventive actions developed in a Brazilian university hospital. Method A retrospective longitudinal study. Hospitalized adult patients in the clinical, surgical, psychiatric and emergency units who suffered a fall in the institution, and who had the event notified in the period from January 2011 to December 2015 were included in the study. The data were collected from the institution's management information system and analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. Results There were 2,296 falls, with a mean incidence of 1.70 falls/1,000 patients per day. An increase in the incidence of falls was observed in the period from 2011 (1.61) to 2012 (2.03). In the following years, the incidence of falls decreased from 1.83 falls/1,000 patients per day in 2013 to 1.42 falls/1,000 patients per day in 2015. The incidence of falls accompanied an implementation of preventive actions, suggesting the impact of such interventions in reducing the event occurrence. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the importance of implementing preventive interventions in reducing the incidence of falls in hospitalized patients.

Classification of Patient Care Complexity: Cloud Technology.

Presentation of the computerized structure to implement, in a university hospital in the South of Brazil, the Patients Classification System of Perroca, which categorizes patients according to the care complexity. This solution also aims to corroborate a recent study at the hospital, which evidenced that the increasing workload presents a direct relation with the institutional quality indicators. The tools used were the Google applications with high productivity interconnecting the topic knowledge on behalf of the nursing professionals and information technology professionals.

Analysis of the PAX8 gene in 32 children with thyroid dysgenesis and functional characterization of a promoter variant.

BACKGROUND: The molecular basis underlying the development of thyroid dysgenesis remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the PAX8 gene in 32 children with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis for mutations, and to characterize the functional consequences of the mutations. METHODS: The 5'-untranslated region and the entire coding region of the PAX8 gene were analyzed in 32 children. Functional analyses with a reporter gene assay were performed in transfected PCCL3 and TSA cells. RESULTS: Thirty children did not have any sequence alterations. Two individuals had a previously identified monoallelic cytosine to thymine transition at position -983 in the promoter (-983C>T; mutant P. A of the ATG of the initiator codon is designated as +1), and a novel guanine to cytosine transversion in the non-coding exon 1 (-465G>C; mutant E). Functional analysis revealed that the basal transcriptional activity of the mutants is decreased compared to the wild type. Gel mobility shift assays indicated that mutant P does not interact with a transacting factor whose nature remains to be elucidated. The DNA binding property of mutant E were similar compared to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that mutations in PAX8 are most likely a very rare cause of thyroid dysgenesis. The observed sequence alterations result in diminished transcriptional activity and, in conjunction with other genetic and non-genetic modifiers, they may contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid hypoplasia and hypothyroidism.

Double pylorus

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Physiological implications of NTBI uptake by T lymphocytes.

In iron overload disorders a significant fraction of the total iron circulates in the plasma as low molecular weight complexes not bound to transferrin, known as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). By catalyzing the formation of free radicals, NTBI accumulation results in oxidative stress and cellular damage, being a major cause of organ toxicity. NTBI is rapidly and preferentially cleared from circulation by the liver and the myocardium, the main disease targets in iron overload conditions. We have recently demonstrated that human peripheral blood T lymphocytes take up NTBI in vitro, with a pattern that resembles that of hepatocytes. Since T lymphocytes constitute a numerically important component of the circulating cell pool, these findings support a putative role for this cell type in the systemic protection against iron toxicity. Here we tested the hypothesis that the circulating peripheral blood T lymphocyte pool constitutes an important storage compartment for NTBI and is thus a modifier of NTBI deposition in target organs. First we show that NTBI uptake by human T lymphocytes increases the expression of the iron-storage protein ferritin and of the iron exporter ferroportin via an IRE-dependent mechanism. NTBI retention by T lymphocytes is shown to be critically controlled by the hepcidin-mediated modulation of ferroportin both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the protective effect of T lymphocytes was tested by analyzing the patterns of iron accumulation in the T lymphocyte-deficient mouse model Foxn1(nu) before and after reconstitution with T lymphocytes by adoptive transfer. The results confirmed a significant increase of liver and pancreas iron accumulation in T lymphocyte-deficient mice. NTBI accumulation in the liver and spleen was prevented by reconstitution with syngeneic T lymphocytes. Altogether, our results demonstrate that T lymphocytes are important components of a circulating "NTBI storage compartment" and show its physiological relevance as a modifier of tissue iron overload.

Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) uptake by T lymphocytes: evidence for the selective acquisition of oligomeric ferric citrate species.

Iron is an essential nutrient in several biological processes such as oxygen transport, DNA replication and erythropoiesis. Plasma iron normally circulates bound to transferrin. In iron overload disorders, however, iron concentrations exceed transferrin binding capacity and iron appears complexed with low molecular weight molecules, known as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). NTBI is responsible for the toxicity associated with iron-overload pathologies but the mechanisms leading to NTBI uptake are not fully understood. Here we show for the first time that T lymphocytes are able to take up and accumulate NTBI in a manner that resembles that of hepatocytes. Moreover, we show that both hepatocytes and T lymphocytes take up the oligomeric Fe3Cit3 preferentially to other iron-citrate species, suggesting the existence of a selective NTBI carrier. These results provide a tool for the identification of the still elusive ferric-citrate cellular carrier and may also open a new pathway towards the design of more efficient iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disorders.

The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons interfere with several biological processes, ultimately leading to cell death. Evidence has been developed for oxidative and nitrative damage to key cellular components in the PD substantia nigra. A number of sources and mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized including the metabolism of dopamine itself, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron, neuroinflammatory cells, calcium, and aging. PD causing gene products including DJ-1, PINK1, parkin, alpha-synuclein and LRRK2 also impact in complex ways mitochondrial function leading to exacerbation of ROS generation and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Additionally, cellular homeostatic processes including the ubiquitin-proteasome system and mitophagy are impacted by oxidative stress. It is apparent that the interplay between these various mechanisms contributes to neurodegeneration in PD as a feed forward scenario where primary insults lead to oxidative stress, which damages key cellular pathogenetic proteins that in turn cause more ROS production. Animal models of PD have yielded some insights into the molecular pathways of neuronal degeneration and highlighted previously unknown mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to PD. However, therapeutic attempts to target the general state of oxidative stress in clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an impact on disease progression. Recent knowledge gained about the specific mechanisms related to PD gene products that modulate ROS production and the response of neurons to stress may provide targeted new approaches towards neuroprotection.

Determinação da acidez de polpas de frutas consumidas no município de Imperatriz, MA / Determination of acidity of fruit pulp consumed in the municipality of Imperatriz, MA

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de acidez dos sucos de polpas regionais consumidos em Imperatriz. Em todos os tipos de amostras foram feitas as análises pelos métodos de acidez titulável e pelo pHmetro, ambos com e sem adição de açúcar, além de comparadas por dois dias consecutivos para a verificação de quaisquer alterações

Ethnic differences in the prevalence of polymorphisms in CYP7A1, CYP7B1 AND CYP27A1 enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

It is well known that drug disposition and response are greatly determined by the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes, which are polymorphic. Some of these polymorphisms are clinically relevant and presented an ethnic-dependent pattern of distribution. The characterization of the genetic distribution of different populations allows the selection of therapeutic options in accordance with the genetic background, with the objective to avoid adverse reactions and inefficacy of the treatment. In this work, we studied selected genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes in three different ethnic groups - Portugal, Mozambique and Colombia. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping methods were developed for drug metabolizing enzymes, namely, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) (-203A>C, -346C>T, -496C>T, N233S, G347S), sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) (R164W, A169V, D273N, V400A) and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) (-116C>G, R324H, 1774C>T) to characterize the allelic distribution of these polymorphisms among three different ethnic/geographic origins. A total of 12 CYP7A1, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1 genetic variants were genotyped in a sample of 92 Portuguese, 151 Mozambican and 91 Colombian subjects. The variants N233S in CYP7A1 and 1774C>T in CYP7B1 were not detected in any population studied. The promoter polymorphisms in CYP7A1 (-203A>C, -346C>T, -496C>T) had high frequency in the three ethnic groups. G347S (CYP7A1), R164W, A169V and V400A (CYP27A1) were present in a low frequency but with a similar distribution in the three ethnic groups. Significant differences were observed for D273N (CYP27A1), -346C>T (CYP7A1), -116C>G and R324H (CYP7B1)Our results demonstrate a high variability of drug metabolizing enzymes between the different populations analyzed, indicating that at least some of these polymorphisms are ethnic specific.

Clinical profile and nursing diagnosis of patients at risk of pressure ulcers / Perfil clínico e diagnósticos de enfermagem de pacientes em risco para úlcera por pressão / Perfil clínico y diagnósticos de enfermería de pacientes en riesgo de contraer úlcera por presión

This cross-sectional study characterizes patients at risk of Pressure Ulcers (PUs) and identifies their corresponding Nursing Diagnoses (NDs). The sample consisted of 219 hospitalizations of adult patients at risk for developing a PU established through the Braden Scale. Data concerning the results of the application of the Braden Scale were retrospectively collected from the patients’ medical files and statistically analyzed. Most patients were elderly women hospitalized for an average of nine days, affected by cancer, cerebrovascular, lung, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The most frequent NDs were Risk for infection, Self-care deficit syndrome, Bathing/hygiene self-care deficit, Impaired physical mobility, Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, Ineffective breathing pattern, Impaired tissue integrity, Acute pain, Impaired urinary elimination, Impaired skin integrity, and Risk for impaired skin integrity. We conclude that most NDs are common in clinical nursing practice.

Estudo transversal, cujos objetivos foram caracterizar os pacientes em risco para úlcera por pressão (UP) e identificar os seus diagnósticos de enfermagem (DEs). A amostra consistiu de 219 hospitalizações de pacientes adultos em risco para UP, determinado pela escala de Braden. Os dados foram coletados, retrospectivamente, em registros da escala de Braden e em prontuário eletrônico e, após, analisados estatisticamente. A maioria dos pacientes era de mulheres, idosos, com tempo de internação mediano de nove dias e portadores de doenças cerebrovasculares, pulmonares, cardiovasculares, metabólicas e neoplásicas. Os DEs mais frequentes foram risco para infecção, síndrome do déficit no autocuidado, déficit no autocuidado: banho/higiene, mobilidade física prejudicada, nutrição desequilibrada: menos do que as necessidades corporais, padrão respiratório ineficaz, integridade tissular prejudicada, dor aguda, alteração na eliminação urinária, integridade da pele prejudicada, risco para prejuízo da integridade da pele. Conclui-se que esses DEs, na maioria, são comuns à prática clínica de enfermagem.

Se trata de un estudio transversal con objetivos de caracterizar a los pacientes en riesgo de contraer úlcera por presión (UP) e identificar sus diagnósticos de enfermería (DEs). La muestra consistió de 219 hospitalizaciones de pacientes adultos en riesgo de contraer UP, determinado por la Escala de Braden. Los datos fueron recolectados retrospectivamente en registros de la Escala de Braden en ficha electrónica y, analizados estadísticamente. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron mujeres, ancianos, con tiempo de internación promedio de nueve días y portadores de enfermedades cerebrovasculares, pulmonares, cardiovasculares, metabólicas y neoplásicas. Los DEs más frecuentes fueron Riesgo de infección, Síndrome de déficit en el autocuidado, Déficit en el Autocuidado: baño/higiene, Movilidad física perjudicada; Nutrición desequilibrada: menos que las necesidades corporales, Estándar respiratorio ineficaz, Integridad tisular perjudicada, Dolor agudo, Alteración en la eliminación urinaria, Integridad de la piel perjudicada, Riesgo para perjuicio de la integridad de la piel. Se concluye que estos DEs, en la mayoría, son comunes a la práctica clínica de enfermería.

Estudo anatômico e determinação dos princípios ativos da folha da espécie sapucaia (Licythis pisones) / Anatomical study and determination of the active leaf species sapucaia (Licythis Pisones)

A Lecythis pisones é uma planta da família Lecythidacea ocorrente da Mata Atlântica, originária da América do Sul e Madagascar, popularmente conhecida como sapucaia. O presente trabalho aborda aspectos descritivos da anatomia foliar e determinação dos princípios ativos da espécie. As folhas de L. pisones foram coletadas na Zona Urbana de Imperatriz, onde foi conduzida pesquisa de campo e laboratorial. As técnicas utilizadas para estudo anatômico foram cortes a mão livre, e montagem de lâminas temporárias e permanentes, de acordo com a metodologia de Oliveira (1989). Das substâncias secundárias foi realizada a prospecção do extrato hidrofílico, segundo a metodologia de Matos (1987). A lâmina foliar reúne várias informações que não apenas descreve suas características, mas serve de suporte para classificação taxonômica. Analisando as amostras estudadas verificou-se a presença de substâncias ergásticas em grandes quantidades, e variação no número de estômatos. Quanto a determinação dos metabolitos secundários as classes de substâncias encontradas foram, taninos catequéticos, flavonóides (flavanonas, flavonóis e xantonas).