Effects of polyphenol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy with a high prevalence in women of reproductive age. Different treatments were tested to increase insulin sensitivity and hormone regulation, and recently polyphenols have emerged as a promising option for these women. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing polyphenols to placebo in PCOS. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for RCTs comparing polyphenols to placebo. Random-effects model was used to calculate the Mean Difference (MD) and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD), with 95% confidence interval (CIs). RESULTS: A total of fifteen RCTs comprising 916 patients were included, of whom 445 (49 %) received polyphenols. Compared to placebo, polyphenols significantly reduced serum insulin level (MD -2.49; 95 % CI [-3.72, -1.25]; p < 0.01), BMI levels (MD -0.12; 95 % CI [-0.18, -0.06]; p < 0.01), and LH levels (MD -0.87; 95 % CI [-1.54, -0.20]; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between groups in testosterone levels (SMD -0.14; 95 % CI [-0.53, 0.25]; p = 0.48). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis polyphenols were associated with a reduction in serum insulin, LH levels, and BMI in women with PCOS, compared to placebo. These findings support the effectiveness of polyphenols in women with PCOS. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: There are no comprehensive systematic recommendations for polyphenols in PCOS treatment. However, increasing evidence has highlighted its substantial impact on women's health. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence for the efficacy of polyphenols in reducing serum insulin, LH, and BMI in women with PCOS compared with placebo.

Reopening dentistry after COVID-19: Complete suppression of aerosolization in dental procedures by viscoelastic Medusa Gorgo.

The aerosol transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the delivery of health care and essentially stopped the provision of medical and dental therapies. Dentistry uses rotary, ultrasonic, and laser-based instruments that produce water-based aerosols in the daily, routine treatment of patients. Abundant aerosols are generated, which reach health care workers and other patients. Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 virus and related coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, continued expansion throughout the USA and the world. The virus is spread by both droplet (visible drops) and aerosol (practically invisible drops) transmission. The generation of aerosols in dentistry-an unavoidable part of most dental treatments-creates a high-risk situation. The US Centers for Disease Control and The Occupational Safety and Health Administration consider dental procedures to be of "highest risk" in the potential spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. There are several ways to reduce or eliminate the virus: (i) cease or postpone dentistry (public and personal health risk), (ii) screen patients immediately prior to dental treatment (by appropriate testing, if any), (iii) block/remove the virus containing aerosol by engineering controls together with stringent personal protective equipment use. The present work takes a novel, fourth approach. By altering the physical response of water to the rotary or ultrasonic forces that are used in dentistry, the generation of aerosol particles and the distance any aerosol may spread beyond the point of generation can be markedly suppressed or completely eliminated in comparison to water for both the ultrasonic scaler and dental handpiece.