Influence of tropical, subtropical, and temperate climate conditions on seminal redox status and sperm quality parameters in breeding bulls.

This study evaluated the effect of climate change on andrological parameters of beef bulls raised under tropical, subtropical, and temperate conditions. Bull ejaculates were collected to evaluate seminal quality parameters, sperm membrane integrity, and redox status (SOD; GPx; GSH; GRx; CARB; DCF; and SOD/GPx ratio). Bulls located in the temperate region showed a higher sperm motility rate and percentage of viable sperm (P < 0.05). When evaluating regions independently, we observed a lower GPx activity from animals in the tropical region (P < 0.05). In contrast, we found that SOD and GRx activities, GSH content, and CARB oxidative levels were higher in the tropical region, while oxidation values of DCF were lower (P < 0.05). Braford bulls showed higher CARB and DCF levels (1.23 ± 0.61 nmol/mg and 1453.60 ± 828.63 nmol/mg, respectively) compared to Hereford bulls (1.00 ± 0.43 nmol/mg and 1138.70 ± 423.24 nmol/mg, respectively) in the temperate region. However, Nellore bulls showed higher DCF levels (650.50 ± 401.53 nmol/mg) than Braford bulls (409.40 ± 286.97 nmol/mg). In addition, the SOD/GPx ratio was lower in Braford (12.44 ± 7.64 U/mg) compared to Nellore bulls in tropical conditions (87.25 ± 2.83 U/mg). A positive correlation was found in temperate conditions between DCF levels, SOD, and GRx activities (0.51, 0.58; P < 0.01, respectively), as well as in subtropical conditions between DCF levels and GRx activity (0.53; P < 0.01). A negative correlation between the temperature-humidity index and CARB content was found in subtropical and tropical regions (-0.44; P < 0.01). We concluded that Braford breeds showed lower seminal motility, DCF contents and SOD/GPx ratios compared to Nellore bulls in tropical climate conditions. Finally, in temperate environmental conditions, Braford bulls also showed lower seminal motility but higher levels of CARB and DCF contents compared to Hereford bulls. Therefore, the existence of climatic differences between the temperate and tropical regions evaluated affected Braford bulls' seminal motility and seminal redox homeostasis.

Analysis of Well-Being and Anxiety among University Students.

This article aims to interrelate dimensions of the well-being validation instruments proposed by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (PANAS) with generalized anxiety dimensions proposed by Spitzer et al. (GAD-7) and state-trait anxiety inventories proposed by Biaggio and Natalício (IDATE), using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), in the case of individual university students in southern Brazil and the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We conducted a behavioral study, characterized as exploratory-descriptive, by applying a questionnaire survey to collect data though face-to face interviews to a group of 460 university students from June to August 2019. A non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience was used, justified by the heterogeneous incidence of the participants. Our results support most of the proposed hypotheses. Only one hypothesis was rejected, i.e., that the Positive Affection Scale (WBS) is not related to the State Anxiety Inventory (IAE)-when a person is feeling in full activity, this situation does not affect the momentary state, characterized by tension, apprehension and by increased activity in the autonomic nervous system. In terms of the subjective well-being of students, 14.13% were found to have a low rating. 86.74% were found to have generalized anxiety; 75% had trait anxiety, and 80.22% had state anxiety. Our results indicate the need for preventive measures to minimize anxiety and help maintain necessary levels of well-being during this phase of academic development and when forging a professional career. It is expected that new studies will contribute to the advancement of such themes, particularly with university students.