Adhesion capacity of Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni on polystyrene, stainless steel, and polyethylene surfaces.

Poultry products are recognized as the main source of Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni infections in humans, while avian pathogenic Escherichia coli may have zoonotic potential and can be transmitted from chicken meat to humans. Biofilm formation contributes to their spread through the food chain. This study aimed to compare the adhesion of Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli, and C. jejuni strains isolated from poultry, food implicated in outbreaks, and poultry slaughterhouses on three surfaces widely used in poultry production (polystyrene, stainless steel, and polyethylene). S. Enteritidis and E. coli adhesion on the three surfaces tested were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the number of C. jejuni cells on stainless steel (4.51-4.67 log10 CFU/cm.-2) was significantly higher (p = 0.0004) than that on polystyrene (3.80-4.25 log10 CFU/cm.-2), but similar (p > 0.05) to that on polyethylene (4.03-4.36 log10 CFU/cm.-2). However, C. jejuni adhesion was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than S. Enteritidis and E. coli adhesion, regardless of the surface evaluated. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analyses have shown an increased irregularity of the stainless steel surface when compared to polyethylene and polystyrene. These irregularities form small spaces ideal for microbial adhesion.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against Salmonella Enteritidis.

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is one of the main pathogens associated with foodborne illnesses worldwide. Biofilm formation plays a significant role in the persistence of pathogens in food production environments. Owing to an increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is a growing need to identify alternative methods to control pathogenic microorganisms in poultry environments. Thus, this study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluate their antibiofilm activity against poultry-origin Salmonella Enteritidis in comparison to a chemical disinfectant. AgNPs were synthesized, characterized, and tested for their minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and antibiofilm activity against S. Enteritidis strains on polyethylene surfaces. The synthesized AgNPs, dispersed in a liquid medium, were spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 6.2 nm. AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent bactericidal action. The bacterial reduction was significantly higher with AgNPs (3.91 log10 CFU [Formula: see text] cm-2) than that with sanitizer (2.57 log10 CFU âˆ™ cm-2). Regarding the time of contact, the bacterial count after a contact time of 30 min was significantly lower than that after 10 min. The AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity for the removal of biofilms produced by S. Enteritidis, demonstrating its potential as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The bactericidal mechanisms of AgNPs are complex; hence, the risk of bacterial resistance is minimal, making nanoparticles a potential alternative for microbial control in the poultry chain.