Imaging low-mass planets within the habitable zone of α Centauri.

Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, α Centauri. Based on 75-80% of the best quality images from 100 h of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of α Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around α Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes.

Prise en charge de l'hyperprolactinemieà l'hôpital du Mali

Introduction:L'hyperprolactinémie, qui est une sécrétion supra physiologique de prolactine est en clinique le désordre hypophysaire antérieur le plus fréquemment rencontré. Son incidence et sa prévalence sont peu définies, en Afrique et dans le reste du Monde.Les objectifs étaient d'étudier les aspects cliniques, paracliniques, étiologiques et thérapeutiques de l'hyperprolactinémie à l'hôpital du Mali.Méthodologie :Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de 5 ans. La collecte des données a été rétrospective (juillet 2011 à octobre 2015) et prospective (décembre 2015 à juillet 2016).Résultats:Nous avons colligés 37 cas d'hyperprolactinémie. Le sex ratio était de 0,85. L'âge moyen était 37,32ans avec des extrêmes allant de 15 à 74 ans. Le tableau clinique était dominé chez les femmes par l'aménorrhée (80%), la galactorrhée (70%), les céphalées (55%), l'hypofertilité (50%), les troubles visuels (25%) et chez les hommes par la baisse de la libido (64,7%), la gynécomastie (47,1%), lescéphalées (47,1%), les troubles visuels (41,2%) et les troubles de l'érection (29,4%). La prolactinémie basale était supérieure à 100ng/mlchez 45,9% des patients. La tomodensitométrie cérébrale avait objectivé : 11 cas de macroadénomes et 5 cas demicroadénomes hypophysaires. Les principals causes de l'hyperprolactinémie étaient : l'adénome hypophysaire à prolactine (43,24%) ;l'hypothyroïdie(5,40%) et la prise d'oestroprogestatifs chez 5,40%. Pour le traitement, 64,9% des patients étaient mis sous cabergoline ; 27% sous bromocriptine et8,10% sous simple surveillance clinique et biologique.Conclusion:L'hyperprolactinémie est une pathologie qui existe dans nos structures de santé. Les cliniciens doivent y penser devant une aménorrhée galactorrhée ou une baisse de la libido. Il est aussi nécessaire d'améliorer le plateau technique pour une meilleure prise en charge

Use of topical glucocorticoids: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prescriptions of topical glucocorticoids in the general population. OBJECTIVES: To report an overall picture of topical glucocorticoid prescriptions in France. METHODS: This study used the Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, a 1/97th random sampling of the French population covered by the main national healthcare insurance system (approximately 90% of the whole population). All patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids over a 5-year period (1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015) were identified using a specific code list for topical glucocorticoids. RESULTS: Over the 5-year study period, 662 531 individuals were recorded for at least 1 day in the EGB. Among them, 220 345 (33.3%) were prescribed at least once topical glucocorticoid. The prevalence of topical glucocorticoid prescription increased regularly from 2011 (11.7%) to 2015 (12.5%). A total of 922 026 tubes of topical glucocorticoids were dispensed, mainly high-potency glucocorticoids, and were mainly prescribed by general practitioners (73.1%). A total of 1713 (0.8%) patients were prescribed at least 24 tubes over a calendar year. These patients were more frequently men (P < 0.001) and older (P < 0.001) than the overall population of patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids. The 124 844 tubes prescribed to these patients had stronger potency than those prescribed to the overall population (P < 0.001) and were mostly prescribed by general practitioners (68.1%). The reasons for prescription were available for only 371 patients (21.7%) and were mainly psoriasis, auto-immune bullous dermatoses and eczema. CONCLUSION: About 12% of the French general population is prescribed topical glucocorticoids at least once each year. Most prescriptions are issued by general practitioners, dermatologists being the prescribers in less than one-quarter of cases.

Cold-associated perniosis of the thighs histopathologically mimicking lupus. Six observations.

BACKGROUND: Equestrian cold panniculitis has been described since 1980 in horse riders or in stable employees. Histological aspect is underdescribed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We describe clinical and histological features of six horse riding or stable employees patients presenting with upper lateral thigh lesions during the winter months between 2014 and 2016 in our dermatological department. RESULTS: Six horse riding or stable employees ladies without any known disease presented with similar symptoms. They had urticarial or violaceous, slightly pruritic, sometimes necrotic lesions of the upper lateral thighs. Clinically, equestrian cold panniculitis, insect bite or a caustic dermatitis was suspected. Four of these patients had a cutaneous biopsy. They all showed a similar histological appearance resembling lupus erythematosus, combining dermo-epidermal lesions, with foci of interface dermatitis, an abundant dermal lymphocytic infiltrate and a dermal mucinosis. Hypodermal infiltration was present on samples including subcutis. Laboratory workup for systemic disease was unremarkable for two patients and not performed for the four others, having no other clinical sign of lupus. All patients improved rapidly with very high potent topical steroids. CONCLUSION: Cold-associated perniosis of the thighs should be considered whenever a histopathological appearance of lupus is associated with lesions of the upper lateral thighs in patients practicing horse riding. This disease belongs to the spectrum of miscellaneous cold-induced dermatoses in which histopathological lesions identical to lupus can be encountered.

Evaluation de la mortalité néonatale au CHN de Pikine de 2008 à 2012

La mortalité néonatale constitue un véritable problème de santé publique et une préoccupation majeure dans le monde surtout dans les pays en voie de développement. Ce travail se propose d'évaluer le taux de mortalité néonatale, d'identifier les principaux facteurs pronostiques associés et de formuler les recommandations en vue d'améliorer la prise en charge et la survie des nouveau-nés au service de pédiatrie de l'hôpital de Pikine du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 décembre 2012. Nous avons recueilli les données sociodémographiques, les antécédents et données anamnestiques, obstétricales, les caractéristiques liées au travail et à l'accouchement. Les pathologies maternelles les plus fréquentes étaient l'HTA et le diabète. Un taux de mortalité néonatale de 15,15% a été noté. La plupart des décès était survenue durant la première semaine de vie. Les principales causes de décès étaient dominées par les infections suivies du retard de croissance intra-utérin, de la prématurité, et de l'asphyxie périnatale. Les facteurs de morbidité chez les nouveau-nés malades étaient : la rupture prolongée des membranes, le liquide amniotique teinté, le nombre CPN < 2, l'infection maternelle génito-urinaire au 3ème trimestre, la primiparité, la multiparité, le score d'Apgar < 7 à M5, le faible poids de naissance, l'infection néonatale, la prématurité, le retard de croissance intra-utérin, et l'asphyxie périnatale. Cette étude a permis de dégager des facteurs pronostiques et de formuler des recommandations visant à dépister les facteurs de risque en vue de réduire la mortalité néonatale au CHN de Pikine

Complications des otites moyennes chroniques

Objectif de l'etude : Rapporter la frequence des complications des otites moyennes chroniques et presenter notre experience dans leur prise en charge. Materiel et methodes : Etude retrospective concernant la periode allant du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 decembre 2009. Les complications ont ete reparties en 2 grands groupes : extracraniennes et intracra-niennes. Resultats : 57 patients sur 350 recus pour OMC ont presente une complication; soit une frequence de 18;38 . Le cholesteatome etait le plus grand pourvoyeur de ces complications (84;2). Dix-neuf patients presentaient plus d'une complication; soit au total 76 cas. Les complications extracraniennes ont ete les plus frequentes; 63 cas (83); dominees par la mastoidite exteriorisee profuse (68;3). Les complications intracraniennes au nombre de 13 (17) etaient dominees par la meningite purulente otogene (46;2). La mastoidectomie associee a une antibiotherapie a large spectre; occupait une place im-portante dans la prise en charge de ces complications. Elle a ete realisee chez 45 patients (79). La mortalite a ete estimee a 3;5 (2 cas de deces). Un drainage neurochirurgical a ete effectue dans 4 cas (8;6). Conclusion : Cette etude se caracterise par un taux de complications d'OMC plus eleve que ceux rappor-tes dans la litterature; ainsi que par la predominance des formes etendues et des associations de complications chez un meme patient

Hepatitis B seroprevalence in HIV-infected patients consulting in a public day care unit in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B co-infection in a cohort of HIV-infected patients, routinely followed-up at the Day Care Unit of the Bobo Dioulasso Sanou Souro University Hospital, Burkina Faso. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Elisa technique was used to dose HBs antigen (AgHBs), antibodies anti-HBs and anti-HBc in all the patients followed by the biological laboratory, from October to December 2008. RESULTS: The AgHBs prevalence was 12.7% [CI at 95%: 10.7-15.0%] and men were slightly more likely to be positive for AgHBs than women (16.5% [12.0-21.9%] versus 11.6% [9.4-14.1%]; P=0.047); 83.3% of the patients [80.8-85.6%] were positive for hepatitis B core antibody, and 32.6% [29.7-35.6%] for hepatitis B surface antibody; 29.9% of the patients [27.1-32.8%] had a complete profile of former hepatitis B infection, 41.3% [38.2-44.4%] expressed core antibodies only; 13.8% [11.7-16.0%] had a negative serological test, and 2.3% [1.5-3.4%] presented a vaccinal immunity. CONCLUSION: These results stress the usefulness of screening for hepatitis B in all HIV-infected patients, along with the initial biological tests. This would help adapt HIV treatment to co-infected patients and to build an expanded program of vaccination for non-immune patients.

Left atrium papillary fibroelastomas: a cause of cerebral emboli.

Papillary fibroelastomas are cardiac benign tumours. Among the benign cardiac tumor, papillary fibroelastomas are reported second after myxomas. Most often diagnosed incidentally, papillary fibroelastomas may embolize to cerebral circulation. Valvular locations are predominant; location in left atrium is rare. In this paper, we present a case of papillary fibroelastoma located in left atrium with symptoms of cerebral embolization. Transoesophageal echocardiography diagnosed a mobile mass. The patient was treated with surgical resection without further embolic complication.

[Spitting cobras: description of 2 cases in Djibouti]. / Cobras cracheurs: 2 observations à Djibouti.

The purpose of this report is to describe two cases involving ophthalmic exposure to venom from spitting cobras. Based on these cases, readers are reminded that eye injury can be prevented by low-cost treatment consisting of prompt, prolonged saline irrigation. This treatment also reduces pain.

[Problems of neonatal transfer to the pediatric service of the CHU Gabriel Touré of Bamako]. / Problematique du transfert neonatal vers le service de pediatrie du CHU Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

UNLABELLED: Neonatal morbidity and mortality is a real concern in our context. Several factors including the organization of the reference contribute to it. Our work was aimed at studying the conditions of newborns transfer of the towards the service of pediatrics of teaching hospital Gabriel Touré. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study proceeded from October 15th, 2006 to January 15th, 2007 in the unit of neonatology of the service of Pediatrics of the CHU of the Hospital Gabriel Touré. It was a cross sectional and descriptive study. All the newborns referred by a health structure were included. RESULTS: We included 760 referred newborns out of 1072 neonatal admissions which means a frequency of reference of 71%. In 91.6% of the cases, the newborn were referred on the very day of their birth. Prematurity (29%), perinatal anoxia (24%), respiratory distress (13.9%) were the main reasons for reference. In no case, the service of pediatrics was contacted in advance by the referring health agent. More than half of the cases (58.6%), the public transport was used. Ambulance car transported 17.4% of the newborns. All the newborns came held in the arms of a member of their family. The referring agent was a physician in 70.3% of cases. Hypothermia was found for all the newborns (759/760) when being received. More half of the newborns (56.4%) had a small weight at birth and the quarter (25.8%) was resuscited. Lethality was 32%. Mother illiteracy, small weight at birth, the outborn birth were factors related to neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION: In our context, the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality has to go through an improvement of the reference system.

Les lesions oculaires chez le patient melanoderme atteint d'insuffisance renale chronique

But : Decrire les signes oculaires rencontres au cours de l'insuffisance renale chronique (IRC) chez le melanoderme senegalais et les facteurs influents leur survenue. Materiel et methodes : Nous avons realise a la clinique ophtalmologique de l'Hopital A. le Dantec; une etude prospective sur un an. Elle portait sur 112 yeux de patients atteints d'IRC et suivis a la clinique medicale du meme hopital. Pour chaque patient; nous avons releve les donnes de son suivi en nephrologie; de l'examen clinique ophtalmologique; du test des couleurs et de angiographie. Les lesions constatees ont ete correlees a l'age; au sexe; a la duree d'evolution des signes; a l'hypertension arterielle (HTA); au taux d'hemoglobine; au recours a la dialyse dans le traitement; a la presence de complications generales. Cette analyse a ete effectuee avec logiciel epi info 6.0 version 2005. Resultats : le sex ratio etait de 1;54 et 70avait plus de 40 ans. 44;6des yeux presentaient une cecite. On comptait 20;5d'oedemes palpebraux; 15;8de calcifications conjonctivales; 26;8de cataractes; 3 cas d'hypertonies oculaires; 7;1de lesions corneennes. La retinopathie hypertensive s'observait dans 75;9des cas; dont 14;3au stade 3. Elle s'accompagnait d'oedeme retinien dans 13;8des cas et d'arteriosclerose dans 14;3des cas. Les dyschromatopsies etaient objectivees dans 88;1des cas. L'angiographie objectivait des atteintes chorio-retiniennes de l'HTA; une reduction de la perfusion choroidienne; des zones d'ischemie choroidienne; des atrophies peripapillaires aureolaires. L'age exposait a l'oedeme palpebral. Les lesions corneoconjonctivales; l'oedeme palpebral et la retinopathie hypertensive etaient plus frequents chez ceux qui evoluaient depuis moins d'un an. L'HTA exposait aux lesions papillaires; a la retinopathie hypertensive et aux dyschromatopsies. Ceux qui beneficiaient de la dialyse presentaient plus de calcifications corneoconjonctivales et moins d'oedeme palpebral; de retinopathie hypertensive; de maculopathie. Conclusion: L'atteinte retinienne surtout celle liee a l'HTA; est la lesion la plus decrite. Elle permet d'etablir le pronostic de l'affection. Elle regresse chez les patients soumis a la dialyse. Cependant; elle peut laisser des sequelles invalidantes; irreversibles et cecitantes. Sa prevention passerait par un depistage precoce de l'HTA et une prise en charge adequate de l'IRC. L'examen ophtalmologique reste une methode simple et peu onereuse pour prevenir les complications

[Mitral valve repair for rheumatic valve disease in children in Senegal: a review of 100 cases]. / La plastie mitrale sur valve rhumatismale chez l'enfant au Sénégal: 100 observations.

Mitral valve repair is a better therapeutic alternative than valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease in children. Repair procedures are especially well suited to developing countries where heart prostheses and life-long anti-coagulation therapy are largely unaffordable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medium-term outcome of mitral valve repair in children in Senegal. A retrospective review was conducted in a cohort of 100 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral lesions over the 8-year period from 1999 to 2007. Mean age was 12 +/- 5 years (range, 7 to 17 years). The most common symptom of valve disease was dysypnea (stage IV in 26 cases and stage III in 74). Valve lesions were complex with anterior leaflet prolapse in 62 cases, posterior leaflet restriction in 35, commissural fusion in 30, and fusion of chordaes in 54. Repair procedures consisted of transfer and shortening of chordaes in 73 cases in association with commissurotomy in 22 cases and cleft closure in 17. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 84 patients. Hospital mortality was 2%. Postoperative morbidity was characterized by residual mitral regurgitation in four cases. Mean follow-up was 5 years. No late deaths were observed. Outcome was satisfactory in 84 patients with low-grade mitral regurgitation (grade I-II). Reduction of left ventricle diameter was statistically significant during systole and diastole, i.e., from 29.5 +/- 6.2 mm to 33.1 +/- 5.3 mm (p<0.05) and from 47.1 +/- 8.6 mm to 50.5 +/- 9.4 mm (p<0.05) respectively. Improvement in cardiac function was not significant, i.e., from 63.3 +/- 4.8% to 62 +/- 6.4% (p = 0.99). Mitral valve repair was successful in stabilizing myocardial function and remodeling the left ventricle. Outcome is dependent on careful patient selection and evaluation of lesions. Middle-term outcome is encouraging.

[Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a case report]. / Le syndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay: a propos d'un cas.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to illustrate a rare vascular malformation and to make a literature review. PATIENT: Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome is a congenital disorder which characterized by capillary malformation, varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. This disease is subject to significant morbidity like bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, embolic complications and in some cases enlargement of limb that may require amputation. Our case study was a young woman of twenty years suffering since birth, from a painful, heaviness and enlarged left lower limb that reached 2.5 cm. The distal hypertrophy at the big toe which the site of a botriomycoma (telengectasic granuloma). The inner side of the thigh was also the site of small port-wine stains and varicose of the great saphenous vein. Vascular Doppler ultrasound, skeletal computed tomography and angio-MRI of the limb indicated a klippel-Trenaunay disease. A surgical abstention was decided. The patient underwent only to resection of the toe's botriomycoma followed by an elastic contention associated with "a heel pad compensation" and an anti platelet therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis and embolic complications. CONCLUSION: The syndrome of Klippel-Trenaunay is a rare vascular malformation. The basic pathology can not be corrected. The treatment's aims are to control varicose veins, to prevent complications and to preserve aesthetic and functional prognosis of the leg.

[Post traumatic air tamponade under assisted ventilation. Case report from Dakar, Senegal]. / Une ventilation mortelle.

Compressive pnemopericardium is an uncommon cause of shock after blunt trauma. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of air tamponnade observed during management of a patient with thoraco-abominal injuries in Dakar, Senegal. Diagnosis was suspected based on chest x-rays and subsequently confirmed by CT-scan. Clinical features included shock syndrome, small heart sign, and constant deterioration under assisted ventilation. Despite initial improvement after needle aspiration, the patient died due to probable recurrence of air tamponnade. Based on their review of the literature, the authors discuss the physiopathology of air tamponande and emergency treatment by needle aspiration that must be followed by surgery for creation of a pericardial window.

La plastie mitrale sur valve rhumatismale chez l'enfant au Senegal : 100 observations

La chirurgie mitrale reconstructrice est une alternative de choix au remplacement valvulaire chez l'enfant. Cette chirurgie est adaptee aux pays en voie de developpement ou le cout des protheses cardiaques associees ou non a l'anti coagulation a vie est exorbitant. Le but de cette etude est d'evaluer les resultats a court et amoyen terme de la plastiemitrale chez l'enfant au Senegal. Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective sur 8 ans (1999-2007); concernant 100 patients porteurs d'atteintes valvulaires rhumatismales. L'age moyen etait de 12 +/- 5 ans (7-17 ans). La symptomatologie etait dominee par la dyspnee. Les lesions valvulaires etaient complexes; la fonction myocardique des patients etait conservee et le ventricule gauche dilate. Des gestes (transfert et raccourcissement) etaient effectues sur les cordages (73) completes par des commissurotomies (22) et des fermetures de fentes (17).Une annuloplastie etait realisee chez 84 malades. La mortalite hospitaliere etait de 2. La morbidite post operatoire etait caracterisee par 4 plasties fuyantes. Pour un suivi moyen de 5 ans; il n'y avait pas de mortalite tardive. Les resultats etaient satisfaisants avec 84 patients presentant des fuitesminimes oumoderees. La reduction du diametre du ventricule gauche etait statistiquement significative en systole (29;5+/-6;2 mm vs 33;1+/- 5;3 mm; p 0;05) et en diastole (47;1+/-8;6 mm vs 50;5+/-9;4 mm; p 0;05).Ainsi; la plastie mitrale permet une stabilisation de la fonction myocardique et un remodelage significatif du ventricule gauche; au prix d'une faible morbi mortalite post operatoire. Une analyse lesionnelle precise est determinante. Les resultats a moyen terme sont encourageants

[Centipede bite in a woman with heterozygotous sickle cell disease]. / Morsure de scolopendre chez une drépanocytaire hétérozygote au Sénégal.

Although centipede bits can cause severe symptoms, they are seldom reported since outcome is generally favorable. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of centipede envenomation causing severe and prolonged symptoms in a woman with sickle cell trait.

Impact Des Filières De Soins En Phase Aigue Dans L/'amélioration Fonctionnelle Des Avc A Nouakchott

Introduction. Les accidents vasculaires cerebraux (AVC) sont sources d'invalidites fonctionnelles par fois tres lourdes pour les patients et de contraintes pour leurs entourages. La prise en charge initiale est determinante dans l'amelioration du deficit moteur et partant du pronostic fonctionnel de ces patients. En Mauritanie cette prise en charge initiale se fait a travers differentes filieres de soins.Objectif. Ce travail avait pour objectif de determiner si la filiere initiale de soins en phase aigue avait un impact sur l'amelioration fonctionnelle des patients victimes d'un AVC a Nouakchott. Methodologie. Une etude prospective evaluative portant sur une cohorte de 82 personnes dont 42 au service de Neurologie du CNP; 40 en Medecine Interne et Cardiologie du CHN; s'etait deroulee du 1er mars au 30 novembre 2006. Les patients victimes d'AVC etaient recus aux urgences du CHN avant d'etre orientes en fonction de la periode du mois : en Neurologie (du 1er au 15); en Medecine Interne (du 16 au 23) ou en Cardiologie (du 24 a la fin du mois). Si les malades repondaient a tous les criteres d'inclusion et apres un consentement eclaire; ils etaient evalues sur le plan du deficit et de la capacite fonctionnelle par deux echelles validees : l'Indice de Barthel et la Mesure de l'independance fonctionnelle (MIF). Ces evaluations etaient effectuees a l'inclusion (J0); a J30; J60 et J90. La qualite de vie etait appreciee a J90 par l'echelle de la qualite de vie (EUROQOL). Les patients admis en Neurologie etaient compares a ceux qui etaient hospitalises dans les 2 autres services. Les comparaisons portaient sur les proportions des patients ayant connus une amelioration au cours du suivi et egalement sur les moyennes de l'Indice de Barthel de la MIF recuperes par les patients.Resultats. Soixante Six pour cent (66) des 42 patients inclus en Neurologie ont ete evalues a terme; ce taux est de 30pour la Cardiologie et 10pour la Medecine Interne (p : 0;0005). La comparaison des caracteres socioprofessionnelles; cliniques et radiologiques ne montrait aucune differencestatistiquement signifi-cative entre la Neurologie et les autres Services. Le delai moyen entre l'installation du deficit et le debut de la reeducation etait de 9 jours en Neurologie et 19 jours en Cardiologie; cette difference etait significative (p : 0;0002). La comparaison des proportions de patients ayant recupere aussi bien au niveau du deficit moteur que de l'independance fonctionnelle montrait une difference en faveur des patients qui etaient suivis en Neurologie. La comparaison des moyennes des echelles recuperees ne montrait aucune difference entre les filieres de soins.Conclusion. L'absence de difference entre les differents services au niveau des aspects socioprofessionnels; cliniques et radiologiques temoignait de la qualite de la randomisation. Il y avait plus de patients qui s'ameliorait en Neurologie que dans les 2 autres Services; ceci semblait etre bien correle avec une prise en charge precoce par la kinesitherapie et avec le suivi regulier des patients. Cependant les patients ne recuperaient pas mieux dans une filiere plus que dans une autre

[Study of oro-dental injuries during seizures in Senegalese children with epilepsy]. / Etude des traumatismes bucco-dentaires au cours de l'epilepsie chez l'enfant au Sénégal.

The objectives of this study were to study the prevalence of oral traumatisms and their relationship to epileptic seizures in Senegalese children. This study was undertaken in the Children's National Hospital of Dakar and deal with children with epilepsy. Sotf tissues and the teeth traumatisms that have occurred during epileptic seizures were recorded. We have also studied the relationship between the frequency of the seizures and the oral soft and hard tissues traumatisms. One hundred and eight children aged from 5 to 15 years with 67 boys and 41 girls with an average age of 8.16+/-2.86 years were enrolled. Several types of epileptic seizures were observed during which 44.5% of the children presented oral traumatisms of soft tissues (27.8%) and the teeth (16.7%). There is no significant relationship between the number of seizures and the frequency of the dental traumatisms (p = 0.352). The tooth fractures are the lesions most frequently noticed and are observed in 24.4% of the children. The traumatisms of the maxillary central incisors account for 38% of the traumatisms, followed by the canines (2.7%) and the molars (1.9%). The lower central incisors are the least affected. The traumatisms of soft tissues were observed in 27.8% of the children: the lips are more often affected (44%), followed by the tongue (30%), the association between lip and tongue (18%) and the cheeks (8%). There is no significant relationship between the number of seizures and the frequency of the traumatisms of soft tissues (p = 0.35).

[Neonatal thrombosis of the jugular veins: long-term repercussions on cerebral development (two cases)]. / Thrombose néonatale des veines jugulaires: retentissement à long terme sur le développement cérébral (à propos de deux cas).

Bilateral obstruction of the internal jugular veins is rare in the neonatal period and no long-term follow-up has been reported yet. We report two cases. The first developped an extensive thrombosis of superior veina cava related to a central veinous line, the second an unilateral thrombosis of the transverse-sigmoid sinus associated to a constitutional hypoplasia of the contralateral jugular vein. In the latter case, no cause or risk factor was noticeable, except for a forceps delivery. In both cases the clinical course was dominated by the development of a prominent collateral network of cervico-facial veins and by a progressive macrocrania. According to MRImaging, the latter was not related to a dilation of CSF spaces, but to a macro-encephaly, either by inflation of the vascular veinous compartment inside the parenchyma or by genuine brain's overgrowth. Long-term follow-up showed a grossly normal course, both from the neurological and the scholar point of view. However, slight neuropsychological anomalies were noticed, bringing some shade on the prognosis.