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1.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 105(1): 115834, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36343475

RESUMO

Despite the enzootic cycle of rabies in dog populations, laboratory confirmation of human rabies has been hardly reported in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the rate of molecular detection and phylogenetic relatedness of Rabies Virus (RABV) isolates from suspected human rabies cases in Cameroon. From 2014 to 2018, 21 suspected human rabies cases were tested for RABV genomic RNA. Full-length sequence of the nucleoprotein (N) coding gene of RABV isolates detected were generated and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. As results, skin biopsies and/or saliva samples from 10 of the 21 suspected human rabies cases were positive for genomic RABV RNA. Four new N gene sequences were generated from confirmed cases. The studied RABV isolates fell into the Cosmopolitan clades, sub-clades Africa-1a and 1b. This study showed a low rate of molecular detection of RABV in suspected human rabies cases; thus, underscoring the interest of systematic laboratory confirmation.


Assuntos
Vírus da Raiva , Raiva , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/veterinária , Filogenia , Camarões/epidemiologia , RNA
3.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 102(1): 206-212, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31769389

RESUMO

Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) that causes smallpox-like illness in humans. In Cameroon, human monkeypox cases were confirmed in 2018, and outbreaks in captive chimpanzees occurred in 2014 and 2016. We investigated the OPXV serological status among staff at a primate sanctuary (where the 2016 chimpanzee outbreak occurred) and residents from nearby villages, and describe contact with possible monkeypox reservoirs. We focused specifically on Gambian rats (Cricetomys spp.) because they are recognized possible reservoirs and because contact with Gambian rats was common enough to render sufficient statistical power. We collected one 5-mL whole blood specimen from each participant to perform a generic anti-OPXV ELISA test for IgG and IgM antibodies and administered a questionnaire about prior symptoms of monkeypox-like illness and contact with possible reservoirs. Our results showed evidence of OPXV exposures (IgG positive, 6.3%; IgM positive, 1.6%) among some of those too young to have received smallpox vaccination (born after 1980, n = 63). No participants reported prior symptoms consistent with monkeypox. After adjusting for education level, participants who frequently visited the forest were more likely to have recently eaten Gambian rats (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.91-5.92, P < 0.001) and primate sanctuary staff were less likely to have touched or sold Gambian rats (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.19-0.28, P < 0.001). The asymptomatic or undetected circulation of OPXVs in humans in Cameroon is likely, and contact with monkeypox reservoirs is common, raising the need for continued surveillance for human and animal disease.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/virologia , Mpox/veterinária , Orthopoxvirus , Pan troglodytes/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/epidemiologia , Camarões/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mpox/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
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