Preferência pelo design dos aparelhos ortodônticos entre jovens universitários de diferentes cursos / Orthodontic appliances desing preference among university students from different courses

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a preferência de jovens universitários de cursos das áreas da Saúde, Exatas e Humanas por diferentes modelos de aparelho ortodôntico. Foram selecionados dois (modelos) indivíduos jovens, um masculino e um feminino. Em seguida, foram confeccionadas 6 imagens simulando aparelhos ortodônticos para cada modelo. Após confeccionar um álbum de fotografias com todas as imagens, os álbuns foram entregues aos estudantes universitários (n=169) com idades entre 18 a 25 anos, juntamente com um questionário. Foram então formados 3 grupos de avaliadores das áreas do conhecimento, Saúde (n=62), Exatas (n=51) e Humanas (n=56). No questionário, os avaliadores identificaram o aparelho de sua preferência, caso fossem ser tratados, apontando nas 6 imagens a ordem de sua preferência. Eles ainda responderam o motivo da escolha daquele modelo de aparelho. Os alinhadores obtiveram maiores avaliações sobre os aparelhos estéticos (5,0). Em contrapartida, os aparelhos metálicos foram os piores avaliados (2,0). Não houve influência da área de estudo e do gênero do avaliador sobre a hierarquia de atratividade na avaliação, no entanto as avaliadoras do sexo feminino da área de Saúde foram mais críticas quanto ao aparelho metálico com ligadura azul. Apesar da área de estudo não ter influenciado na preferência pelo tipo de aparelho, sendo os mais estéticos preferidos sobre os metálicos, as avaliações mais críticas partiram dos estudantes da área de Saúde. (AU)

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the preference of young university students from courses of the health, science, and human areas regarding different orthodontic appliance design. Two (models) young individuals were selected, one male and one female. Then 6 images were made simulating orthodontic appliances for each model. After producing a photo album with all the images, the albums have been given to university students (n=169) aged between 18 and 25 years old, along with a questionnaire. Three groups of evaluators from different areas of knowledge: Health (n=62), Science (n=51) an Human area (n=56) were formed. In the questionnaire, the evaluators identified which device they would prefer if they were treated, indicating the order of their preference on the 6 images. They also answered the reason for choosing that device model. Aligners had higher ratings than aesthetic devices (5.0). On the other hand, metallic appliances were the worst evaluated (2.0). There was no influence of the study area and the evaluator's gender on the hierarchy of attractiveness in the evaluation, however female evaluators from the Health area were more critical regarding metallic braces with blue ligature. Although the study area did not influence the preference for the type of appliance, with the most aesthetic being preferred over metallic ones, the most critical evaluations came from students in the Health area (AU)

Combination of a Hydraulic Device and Nanohydroxylapatite Paste for Minimally Invasive Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation: Procedure and 4-Year Results.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe a transcrestal sinus floor elevation technique combining the use of a hydraulic device and a nanohydroxylapatite paste and to report on 4-year clinical and radiographic outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sinus floor elevation procedure used a specially designed drill (SinusJet) to start sinus membrane unsticking and a nanohydroxylapatite paste (Ostim) for further sinus membrane elevation and bone augmentation. It was performed as a one-step procedure with immediate implant placement or a two-step procedure with delayed implant placement 9 months later. Implant survival rate, sinus membrane perforation, postoperative complications, and the level of intraoperative and postoperative patient comfort using a visual analog scale were analyzed retrospectively. A nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and parametric paired t test were used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six sinus floor elevations were performed in 110 patients at two dental clinics in Belgium with a mean follow-up period of 48 months. In the one-step procedure, the mean 6-month elevation was 8.5 ± 2.7 mm; 194 implants were placed. In the two-step procedure, the mean 9-month elevation was 9.5 ± 2.4 mm; 8 implants were placed. The osteotomy, sinus membrane elevation, and bone grafting typically took less than 3 minutes. Sinus membrane perforation was observed in 2.9% (n = 4/136). The 4-year implant survival rate was 97% (n = 196/202), with six early implant losses. 96.4% of patients reported either no or minimal discomfort. CONCLUSION: This minimally invasive transcrestal sinus floor elevation procedure that combines a hydraulic device and nanohydroxylapatite paste appears to be safe and predictable. However, further randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the results of this retrospective observational study.

Desmistificando a mordida cruzada posterior / Demystifying posterior crossbite

Resumo A mordida cruzada posterior é definida como uma relação anormal transversal interarcos, cuja dimensão vestibulolingual inferior mostra-se maior que a dimensão superior. Não possui autorresolução e, por isso se perpetua, quando não tratada. Essa má oclusão se desenvolve entre os 19 meses e os cinco anos de idade. Este trabalho propõe revisar relevantes informações a respeito do quadro de mordida cruzada posterior, além de demonstrar, através de um caso clínico, a efetividade do protocolo de expansão rápida da maxila em idade prepuberal, provendo ao leitor uma maior segurança na escolha do tratamento. O presente caso clínico foi realizado com um paciente do sexo masculino, 07 anos de idade, diagnosticado com atresia maxilar e mordida cruzada unilateral direita. O tratamento foi realizado imediatamente, sob forma de expansão rápida da maxila, com o uso do aparelho de HAAS modificado, ancorado em segundos molares decíduos. Como resultado se obteve uma expansão intermolar de aproximadamente 6,5mm, demonstrando sucesso no tratamento com o descruzamento das arcadas, além de estabilidade local notada após um ano removido o aparelho, sem o uso de contenções pós-disjunção. Concluiu-se que ao ser diagnosticada, a mordida cruzada posterior deve ser tratada de forma interceptativa, idealmente durante o primeiro período transitório do indivíduo, priorizando o protocolo de expansão rápida da maxila com um disjuntor modificado, ancorado em segundos molares decíduos, evitando uma série de efeitos colaterais nos dentes permanentes adjacentes, além de garantir, assim, maior estabilidade futura oclusal. (AU)

Abstract The posterior crossbite is defined as an abnormally transverse relationship, whose inferior buccolingual dimension is larger than the superior dimension. It has no self-solution and therefore perpetuates itself when left untreated. This malocclusion develops between 19 months and 5 years old. This work proposes to review relevant information regarding the posterior crossbite picture and to demonstrate through a clinical case the effectiveness of the rapid palatal expansion protocol in prepubertal age, providing the reader with a greater safety in the choice of treatment. The present clinical case was performed with a male patient, 7 years old, diagnosed with maxillary atresia, and right unilateral crossbite. The treatment was performed immediately, in the form of rapid maxillary expansion, with the use of modified HAAS device anchored in deciduous second molars. As a result, an intermolar expansion of approximately 6.5mm was obtained, demonstrating success in the treatment with uncrossing of the arches, besides local stability noticed after one year of device removal, without the use of post-disjunction restraints. It was concluded that, when diagnosed, posterior crossbite should be treated interceptably, preferably during the first transient period of the individual, prioritizing rapid maxilla expansion protocol with a modified expander, anchored in primary second molars, avoiding a series of side effects on adjacent permanent teeth, in addition to ensuring greater future occlusal stability.(AU)

Influence of orthodontic appliance design on employment hiring preferences.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which different types of orthodontic appliances influence the hiring process of an individual applying for a customer service position. METHODS: A total of 7 images were created for 2 adult models: 1 male and 1 female. One image was produced without orthodontic appliances, and 6 simulated the use of orthodontic appliances, including a conventional metallic appliance with a gray elastic ligature, a conventional metallic appliance with blue elastic ligature, a conventional appliance with a transparent elastic ligature, a self-ligating metal appliance, a self-ligating esthetic appliance, and a clear aligner. A photo album was designed for each model and delivered, along with a questionnaire, to individuals in charge of job interviews and hiring. These evaluators included 236 individuals, divided into 4 groups according to age and gender: males between 18-35 years (M), males over 35 years (M > 35), females between 18-35 years (F), and females over 35 years (F > 35). The evaluators quantified the chance of hiring the models using a Visual Analogue Scale. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the evaluators according to gender and age. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the models according to gender. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post hoc tests were used to compare the appliances according to design. A 5% significance level was used for all tests. RESULTS: The clear aligner group showed the highest likelihood of being hired, followed by the group without orthodontic appliances, the groups with esthetic appliances (ie, conventional appliance with a transparent elastic ligature, and self-ligating esthetic appliance), and the groups with metallic appliances (ie, self-ligating metal appliance, conventional metallic appliance with gray elastic ligature, and conventional metallic appliance with blue elastic ligature). CONCLUSIONS: Assuming all other qualifications of the applicants are equivalent, the use of an orthodontic appliance may influence job interviews. The better the esthetics of the appliance, the higher the likelihood of the individual being hired.

Evaluation of facial attractiveness in black people according to the subjective facial analysis criteria.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the facial attractiveness in 30 black individuals, according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria. METHODS: Frontal and profile view photographs of 30 black individuals were evaluated for facial attractiveness and classified as esthetically unpleasant, acceptable, or pleasant by 50 evaluators: the 30 individuals from the sample, 10 orthodontists, and 10 laymen. Besides assessing the facial attractiveness, the evaluators had to identify the structures responsible for the classification as unpleasant and pleasant. Intraexaminer agreement was assessed by using Spearman's correlation, correlation within each category using Kendall concordance coefficient, and correlation between the 3 categories using chi-square test and proportions. RESULTS: Most of the frontal (53. 5%) and profile view (54. 9%) photographs were classified as esthetically acceptable. The structures most identified as esthetically unpleasant were the mouth, lips, and face, in the frontal view; and nose and chin in the profile view. The structures most identified as esthetically pleasant were harmony, face, and mouth, in the frontal view; and harmony and nose in the profile view. The ratings by the examiners in the sample and laymen groups showed statistically significant correlation in both views. The orthodontists agreed with the laymen on the evaluation of the frontal view and disagreed on profile view, especially regarding whether the images were esthetically unpleasant or acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the evaluation of facial attractiveness according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria proved to be applicable and to have a subjective influence; therefore, it is suggested that the patient's opinion regarding the facial esthetics should be considered in orthodontic treatmentplanning.

Evaluation of facial attractiveness in black people according to the subjective facial analysis criteria

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the facial attractiveness in 30 black individuals, according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria. Methods: Frontal and profile view photographs of 30 black individuals were evaluated for facial attractiveness and classified as esthetically unpleasant, acceptable, or pleasant by 50 evaluators: the 30 individuals from the sample, 10 orthodontists, and 10 laymen. Besides assessing the facial attractiveness, the evaluators had to identify the structures responsible for the classification as unpleasant and pleasant. Intraexaminer agreement was assessed by using Spearman's correlation, correlation within each category using Kendall concordance coefficient, and correlation between the 3 categories using chi-square test and proportions. Results: Most of the frontal (53. 5%) and profile view (54. 9%) photographs were classified as esthetically acceptable. The structures most identified as esthetically unpleasant were the mouth, lips, and face, in the frontal view; and nose and chin in the profile view. The structures most identified as esthetically pleasant were harmony, face, and mouth, in the frontal view; and harmony and nose in the profile view. The ratings by the examiners in the sample and laymen groups showed statistically significant correlation in both views. The orthodontists agreed with the laymen on the evaluation of the frontal view and disagreed on profile view, especially regarding whether the images were esthetically unpleasant or acceptable. Conclusions: Based on these results, the evaluation of facial attractiveness according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria proved to be applicable and to have a subjective influence; therefore, it is suggested that the patient's opinion regarding the facial esthetics should be considered in orthodontic treatmentplanning.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar, quanto à agradabilidade facial, uma amostra de 30 indivíduos negros, de acordo com os critérios da Análise Facial Subjetiva. Métodos: fotografias frontais e de perfil de 30 indivíduos negros foram avaliadas quanto à agradabilidade facial e classificadas como esteticamente desagradáveis, aceitáveis ou agradáveis, por 50 avaliadores, sendo: 30 indivíduos da amostra, 10 ortodontistas e 10 leigos. Além de avaliar a agradabilidade facial, os avaliadores tiveram que identificar as estruturas responsáveis pela classificação como desagradável ou agradável. A concordância intraexaminador foi avaliada por meio da correlação de Spearman. Já a correlação dentro de cada categoria foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de concordância de Kendall, e a correlação entre as três categorias foi estabelecida por meio dos testes qui-quadrado e de proporção. Resultados: a maioria das fotografias frontais (53,5%) e de perfil (54,9%) foi classificada como esteticamente aceitável. As estruturas mais identificadas como esteticamente desagradáveis foram: boca, lábios e rosto, na fotografia frontal; e nariz e queixo, na fotografia de perfil. As estruturas mais identificadas como esteticamente agradáveis foram: harmonia, rosto e boca, na fotografia de frente; e harmonia e nariz, na de perfil. As avaliações realizadas pelos examinadores nos grupos amostra e leigos mostraram uma correlação estatisticamente significativa em ambas as posições. Os ortodontistas concordaram com os leigos sobre a avaliação na perspectiva frontal e discordaram sobre a de perfil, especialmente no que diz respeito às imagens consideradas esteticamente desagradáveis ou aceitáveis. Conclusões: com base nesses resultados, a avaliação da agradabilidade facial, de acordo com critérios da Análise Facial Subjetiva, provou ser aplicável e ter uma influência subjetiva. Assim, sugere-se que a opinião do paciente sobre a estética facial seja considerada no planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico.