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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38861338

RESUMO

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease that leads to respiratory decline due to scarring and thickening of lung tissues. Multiple pathways contribute to the fibrotic process in this disease, such as inflammation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and oxidative stress. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is a key regulator of profibrotic signaling, as it affects the organization of actin-myosin and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. ROCK1/2, a downstream effector of RhoA, is overexpressed in IPF patients and is a promising target for IPF therapy. However, due to hypotensive side effects of ROCK1/2 inhibitors, selective ROCK2 compounds are being explored. In this study, we report the discovery of GNS-3595, a potent and selective ROCK2 inhibitor that has ~80-fold selectivity over ROCK1 at physiological concentrations of ATP. GNS-3595 effectively inhibited ROCK2-mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain (p-MLC) and reduced the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in various in vitro cellular models. GNS-3595 also prevented transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß)-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Additionally, in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, therapeutic exposure to GNS-3595, suppressed lung fibrosis, stabilized body weight loss, and prevented fibrosis-induced lung weight gain. Transcriptome and protein expression analysis from lung tissues showed that GNS-3595 can revert the fibrosis-related gene expression induced by bleomycin. These results indicate that GNS-3595 is a highly potent, selective, and orally active ROCK2 inhibitor with promising therapeutic efficacy against pulmonary fibrosis.

2.
Clin Cancer Res ; 26(24): 6535-6549, 2020 12 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32988967

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Targeting Bcl-2 family members upregulated in multiple cancers has emerged as an important area of cancer therapeutics. While venetoclax, a Bcl-2-selective inhibitor, has had success in the clinic, another family member, Bcl-xL, has also emerged as an important target and as a mechanism of resistance. Therefore, we developed a dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor that broadens the therapeutic activity while minimizing Bcl-xL-mediated thrombocytopenia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used structure-based chemistry to design a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and assessed the activity against in vitro cell lines, patient samples, and in vivo models. We applied pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling to integrate our understanding of on-target activity of the dual inhibitor in tumors and platelets across dose levels and over time. RESULTS: We discovered AZD4320, which has nanomolar affinity for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and mechanistically drives cell death through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. AZD4320 demonstrates activity in both Bcl-2- and Bcl-xL-dependent hematologic cancer cell lines and enhanced activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples compared with the Bcl-2-selective agent venetoclax. A single intravenous bolus dose of AZD4320 induces tumor regression with transient thrombocytopenia, which recovers in less than a week, suggesting a clinical weekly schedule would enable targeting of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-dependent tumors without incurring dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. AZD4320 demonstrates monotherapy activity in patient-derived AML and venetoclax-resistant xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: AZD4320 is a potent molecule with manageable thrombocytopenia risk to explore the utility of a dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor across a broad range of tumor types with dysregulation of Bcl-2 prosurvival proteins.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Trombocitopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Benzamidas/uso terapêutico , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonas/uso terapêutico , Trombocitopenia/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
3.
J Med Chem ; 63(4): 1612-1623, 2020 02 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31971798

RESUMO

Inhibition of mutant IDH1 is being evaluated clinically as a treatment option for oncology. Here we describe the structure-based design and optimization of quinoline lead compounds to identify FT-2102, a potent, orally bioavailable, brain penetrant, and selective mIDH1 inhibitor. FT-2102 has excellent ADME/PK properties and reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate levels in an mIDH1 xenograft tumor model. This compound has been selected as a candidate for clinical development in hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and gliomas with mIDH1.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Quinolonas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Desenho de Fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/metabolismo , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/metabolismo , Quinolonas/síntese química , Quinolonas/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
4.
J Med Chem ; 62(14): 6575-6596, 2019 07 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31199148

RESUMO

Mutations at the arginine residue (R132) in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are frequently identified in various human cancers. Inhibition of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) with small molecules has been clinically validated as a promising therapeutic treatment for acute myeloid leukemia and multiple solid tumors. Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of a series of quinolinones to provide potent and orally bioavailable mIDH1 inhibitors with selectivity over wild-type IDH1. The X-ray structure of an early lead 24 in complex with mIDH1-R132H shows that the inhibitor unexpectedly binds to an allosteric site. Efforts to improve the in vitro and in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of 24 yielded a preclinical candidate 63. The detailed preclinical ADME and pharmacology studies of 63 support further development of quinolinone-based mIDH1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in human trials.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinolonas/química , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Sítio Alostérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Feminino , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/química , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação Puntual , Quinolonas/farmacocinética
5.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 24(14): 3026-33, 2014 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24881567

RESUMO

Structural modifications of the left-hand side of compound 1 were identified which retained or improved potent binding to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in in vitro biochemical assays and had strong activity in an RS4;11 apoptotic cellular assay. For example, sulfoxide diastereomer 13 maintained good binding affinity and comparable cellular potency to 1 while improving aqueous solubility. The corresponding diastereomer (14) was significantly less potent in the cell, and docking studies suggest that this is due to a stereochemical preference for the RS versus SS sulfoxide. Appending a dimethylaminoethoxy side chain (27) adjacent to the benzylic position of the biphenyl moiety of 1 improved cellular activity by approximately three-fold, and this activity was corroborated in cell lines overexpressing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Anilina/química , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Solubilidade , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismo
6.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 23(16): 4591-6, 2013 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23842474

RESUMO

The potent and selective 3-amido-4-anilinoquinoline CSF-1R inhibitor AZ683 suffered from cardiovascular liabilities, which were linked to the off-target activities of the compound and ion channel activity in particular. Less basic and less lipophilic examples from both the quinoline and cinnoline series demonstrated cleaner secondary pharmacology profiles. Cinnoline 31 retained the required potency and oral PK profile, and was progressed through the safety screening cascade to be nominated into development as AZD7507.


Assuntos
Aminoquinolinas/síntese química , Aminoquinolinas/toxicidade , Compostos de Anilina/síntese química , Compostos de Anilina/toxicidade , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidade , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/toxicidade , Receptor de Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminoquinolinas/química , Aminoquinolinas/farmacologia , Compostos de Anilina/química , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Cobaias , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos
8.
J Med Chem ; 50(13): 2990-3003, 2007 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17523610

RESUMO

Compound 7 was identified as a potent (IC50 = 14 nM), selective, and orally bioavailable (F = 70% in mouse) inhibitor of protein kinase B/Akt. While promising efficacy was observed in vivo, this compound showed effects on depolarization of Purkinje fibers in an in vitro assay and CV hypotension in vivo. Guided by an X-ray structure of 7 bound to protein kinase A, which has 80% homology with Akt in the kinase domain, our efforts have focused on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the phenyl moiety, in an attempt to address the cardiovascular liability and further improve the Akt potency. A novel and efficient synthetic route toward diversely substituted phenyl derivatives of 7 was developed utilizing a copper-mediated aziridine ring-opening reaction as the key step. To improve the selectivity of these Akt inhibitors over other protein kinases, a nitrogen atom was incorporated into selected phenyl analogues of 7 at the C-6 position of the methyl indazole scaffold. These modifications resulted in the discovery of inhibitor 37c with greater potency (IC50 = 0.6 nM vs Akt), selectivity, and improved cardiovascular safety profile. The SARs, pharmacokinetic profile, and CV safety of selected Akt inhibitors will be discussed.


Assuntos
Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Indazóis/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/síntese química , Piridinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Indazóis/efeitos adversos , Indazóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Ramos Subendocárdicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ramos Subendocárdicos/fisiologia , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
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