RESUMO
The decarboxylative/oxidative amidation of aryl α-ketocarboxylic acids with 5-aryl-3-nitroisoxazole-4-carboxylates and substituted dinitrobenzenes under oxidative aqueous conditions to afford N-aryl amides is described. The reaction is suggested to proceed via a radical pathway in which a benzoyl nitroxyl radical, the key intermediate formed from reaction between nitroarene and benzoyl radical from glyoxalic acid, couples with hydroxyl radical from water to produce amide. Mechanistic insight allowed the scope of the strategy to be expanded to the synthesis of amides via reaction between aryl α-ketocarboxylic acids and nitroso compounds.
RESUMO
A novel ß-carboline-based chemosensor, having an acidic NH proton that leads to fluoride-induced deprotonation involving a vivid color change from colorless to yellow is described. The absorption spectrum of the chemosensor in acetonitrile has a peak at 375â¯nm, which changes to 428â¯nm with the gradual addition of only fluoride in the solution with a clear isosbestic points at 357â¯nm and 392â¯nm. More interestingly, the chemosensor gives a turn-on type of fluorescence at 554â¯nm in the presence of fluoride. Further it was found that the sensor is highly selective towards fluoride over other anions including chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, borate, perchlorate and can quantitatively detect fluoride at ppb level with a limit of detection of 0.02â¯mg/â¯L or 20â¯ppb. The chemosensor was successfully demonstrated to assess the fluoride concentration in the tap water.
Assuntos
Carbolinas/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Fluoretos/análise , Água Doce/análise , Limite de Detecção , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C9SC02616A.].
RESUMO
A divergent strategy for the remote arylation, vinylation and alkylation of nitriles is described. These processes proceed through the photoredox generation of a cyclic iminyl radical and its following ring-opening reaction. The distal nitrile radical is then engaged in nickel-based catalytic cycles to form C-C bonds with aryl bromides, alkynes and alkyl bromides.
RESUMO
A mild approach to diazenylation of active methylene compounds and N-heterocyclic compounds with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides in the presence of iodine under basic aerobic conditions was developed. The reaction could be executed either under heating or in the presence of blue LED light, though the latter condition was found to be relatively efficient. Presumably, the aryldiazene produced by oxidation of arylhydrazine hydrochloride acts as a nitrogen scavenger of the radical intermediate generated from the active methylene compound in the presence of iodine to produce the diazo compounds. The scope and limitations of the protocol are presented.
RESUMO
A triple cooperative catalysis-mediated multicomponent reaction between 1-formyl-N-substituted-ß-carbolines, a terminal alkyne, and a secondary amine allows access to unprecedented polycyclic ß-carbolines via sequential A3-coupling and an intramolecular Csp2-Csp2 Friedel-Crafts arylation reaction. The reaction is successful in a dry inert atmosphere only with substrates bearing a methoxy-substituted benzyl group at the indole nitrogen. Conversely, treating 3-aminoindolizino[8,7-b]indoles (obtained after A3-coupling) with acid in the presence of H2O in air offers a general route to natural-alkaloid-like products.
RESUMO
A metal-free nitration of the α-C-H to carbonyl in propiophenones was achieved with I2/NaNO2 in the presence of an oxidant in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the medium. Conversely under similar conditions, reaction of acetophenones produced thiohydroximic acids via a radical-based cascade event which involves oxidative nitration of the α-carbon to a carbonyl followed by Michael addition of the thiomethyl group from DMSO and subsequent rearrangement. Besides DMSO, the scope of the reaction encompasses other symmetrical and unsymmetrical dialkylsulfoxides.
RESUMO
An enantioselective synthesis of S-(-)-5,6-dihydrocanthin-4-ones via a triple cooperative catalysis-mediated domino reaction having a broad substrate scope is reported. The reaction between substituted 1-formyl-9H-ß-carbolines and terminal alkynes in the presence of catalytic amounts of Jorgensen-Hayashi catalyst, copper iodide, and Hunig base proceeded via a multicascade route, affording the title compounds in good yields and excellent ees with interesting mechanistic features. These compounds were assessed for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum strains. Additionally, 5,6-dihydrocanthin-4-ones are demonstrated to be a versatile precursor to different fused ß-carboline derivatives via simple synthetic transformations.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/síntese química , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Carbolinas/síntese química , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Alcaloides Indólicos/síntese química , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Catálise , Cobre , Indicadores e Reagentes , Iodetos , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
An efficient NaNO2 /I2 -mediated one-pot transformation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) acetates into alkyl 3-nitro-5-(aryl/alkyl)isoxazole-4-carboxylates is described. In a cascade event, initial Michael addition of NaNO2 to the MBH acetate furnishes the allylnitro intermediate which undergoes I2 -catalyzed oxidative α-CH nitration of the nitromethyl subunit followed by [3+2] cycloaddition to afford the title compounds. Structural elaborations of these highly substituted isoxazoles by SN Ar reactions and hydrogenolysis allows access to useful products.
Assuntos
Acetatos/química , Iodo/química , Isoxazóis/síntese química , Nitratos/químicaRESUMO
A series of novel ß-carboline-based N-heterocyclic carbenes was prepared via Mannich reaction between methyl 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate, formaldehyde, and primary amines. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity using human breast cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Three compounds, 3c, 3j, and 3h, were discovered to display IC50 less than 10 µM against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 h of treatment. Pharmacologically these compounds lead to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of cellular apoptosis by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathway through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. At lower concentrations, these compounds also showed antimigratory and antiinvasive effects against highly metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells via aberration of MAP-kinase signaling and by the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. However, these analogues lack in vivo effect in mouse model which may be attributed to their strong affinity to HSA that was investigated spectroscopically with compound 3h.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carbolinas/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Metano/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Carbolinas/uso terapêutico , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem da Fase M do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Metano/química , Metano/farmacologia , Metano/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Metástase Neoplásica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
An atom-economical regioselective synthesis of N-substituted prolinamides or N-substituted piperidine-2-carboxamides via a metal-free decarboxylative multicomponent coupling between l-proline or pipecolic acid, aldehydes, and isonitriles is described. The cascade event involves sequential imine formation, decarboxylation, isonitrile insertion, and hydrolysis to afford the product in one-pot. Two of the prolinamides were found to display appreciable antithrombotic activity via inhibition of platelet aggregation.