RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome (AICS) through gene expression profiling and pathway analysis. METHODS: Peripheral whole blood samples were collected from 39 MRI-diagnosed patients with AICS and 25 nonstroke control subjects ≥ 18 years of age. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood stabilized in Paxgene RNA tubes, amplified, and hybridized to Illumina HumanRef-8v2 bead chips. Gene expression was compared in a univariate manner between stroke patients and control subjects using t test in GeneSpring. The significant genes were tested in a logistic regression model controlling for age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Inflation of type 1 error was corrected by Bonferroni and Ingenuity Systems Pathway analysis was performed. Validation was performed by QRT-PCR using Taqman gene expression assays. RESULTS: A 9-gene profile was identified in the whole blood of ischemic stroke patients using gene expression profiling. Five of these 9 genes were identified in a previously published expression profiling study of stroke and are therefore likely biomarkers of stroke. Pathway analysis revealed toll-like receptor signaling as a highly significant canonical pathway present in the peripheral whole blood of patients with AICS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the relevance of the innate immune system through toll-like receptor signaling as a mediator of response to ischemic stroke and supports the claim that gene expression profiling can be used to identify biomarkers of ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to validate and refine these biomarkers for their diagnostic potential.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , RNA/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Sondas de DNA , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orosomucoide/genética , Orosomucoide/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise Serial de Proteínas , RNA/isolamento & purificação , Receptores CCR7/genética , Receptores CCR7/fisiologia , Padrões de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Risco , Tamanho da Amostra , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/genética , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/fisiologiaRESUMO
Coumarins in the rind and pulp of Persian and Key limes were quantified. In the rind of Persian limes, coumarin concentrations were in the order: limettin > bergapten > isopimpinellin > xanthotoxin > psoralen. In the rind of Key limes, psoralen and xanthotoxin were analytically absent; limettin was 10 times more concentrated than either bergapten or isopimpinellin, which were equal in concentration. Coumarin content in Persian lime pulp was in the order: isopimpinellin > limettin > bergapten > xanthotoxin > psoralen. For Key lime pulp, the concentrations of limettin, isopimpinellin and bergapten were equal; psoralen and xanthotoxin were not detected. Coumarins in lime pulp were 13 to 182 times less concentrated than those in the peel. Based on the amounts and types of coumarins, Persian limes appear to be potentially more phototoxic than Key limes. Although bergapten may be the main component of limes responsible for phytophotodermatitis, dermatological interaction assays with psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin and limettin should be conducted.
Assuntos
Citrus , Cumarínicos/toxicidade , Dermatite Fototóxica/etiologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cumarínicos/análise , HumanosRESUMO
Multiple pyogenic granulomata are rare. Satellite lesions are infrequently associated with trauma to or treatment of the primary lesion. Rare cases of disseminated pyogenic granulomata have been reported. We report the occurrence of numerous, discrete, pyogenic granulomata in two young boys at locations remote from the primary excision site, and review the literature on multiple pyogenic granulomata. In patient no. 1, new lesions seemed to develop from 2- to 4-mm capillary hemangiomas both within and outside of a port-wine stain. Patient no. 2 involves a previously unreported occurrence of numerous facial lesions.
Assuntos
Hemangioma/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Criança , Hemangioma/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
An educational curriculum entitled "Bucklebear" was designed to increase safety seat and seat belt use in young children enrolled in preschool programs (day care centers and nursery schools). Three basic concepts were emphasized: (1) "buckling up" is a good habit for everyone for every ride; (2) the back seat is the best seat; and (3) there are desirable passenger behaviors. The curriculum included training workshops with teachers, parent meetings, classroom lessons, sound filmstrip, puppet play, and many other activities. Six experimental programs and seven control programs with 402 and 427 enrolled children, respectively, participated. After their participation in the educational curriculum, children in the experimental program increased their use of a safety seat or seat belt from 21.9% to 44.3%. These children also increased their knowledge and simulated practice of car passenger safety.