BMI, weight change, appetite reduction and cognitive impairment of elderly patients with diabetes.

Body weight is related to both diabetes and cognitive impairment; however, the associations between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment have been reported less frequently among diabetes patients. A total of 1355 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 60 years were included in this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to assess participants' cognitive status. We collected self-reported body weight, weight loss and appetite loss data using questionnaires. Associations between body weight status (in childhood, midlife age, and late life), weight loss, appetite changes and cognitive impairment were explored using logistic regression. Among the participants, 41.7% exhibited cognitive impairment. Overweight in childhood and late life was associated with cognitive impairment among diabetes patients (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.52-4.55; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.69). Diabetes patients with cognitive impairment were more likely to report a body weight decline and appetite reduction in the past three months (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.61-6.71; OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.67-7.29). Higher BMI, weight loss, and appetite reduction were positively correlated with cognitive impairment. Given the risk of cognitive impairment, we suggest that body weight and BMI decline should be monitored in patients with diabetes.

Both short and long sleep durations are associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Chinese older adults.

This study aims to examine the association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese older adults.The associations between sleep duration and cognitive function have been widely studied across various age ranges but are of particular importance among older adults. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in the literature.This study is an observational cross-sectional study. We analyzed data from 1115 Chinese individuals aged 60 and older from 3 Chinese communities (Beijing, Hefei, and Lanzhou). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination total score less than 24 points. Odds ratios (ORs) of associations were calculated and adjusted for potential confounders in logistic regression models.The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 25.7% (n = 287). Controlling for all demographic, lifestyle factors, and coexisting conditions, the adjusted OR for cognitive impairment was 2.54 (95% CI = 1.70-3.80) with <6 hours sleep and 2.39 (95% CI = 1.41-4.06) with >8 hours sleep.Both short and long sleep durations were related to worse cognitive function among community-dwelling Chinese elderly adults.