RESUMO
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to diabetes self-management and associated factors among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 422 adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending outpatient diabetic clinics at public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The adolescents were interviewed using pretested questionnaires to give information on adherence to diabetes self-management. A variable that has a P-value of <0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the confounding factors. The level of significance was pronounced at P-value <0.05. Results: In this study, a total of 414 adolescents living with type 1 diabetes were interviewed making a 98.1% response rate. About 218 participants (52.7%) had poor adherence to overall diabetes self-management. Self-efficacy (AOR=8.7, 95% CI:1.9-14.1, P=0.005), social support (AOR=4.6, 95% CI:1.5-13.5, P=0.006), age (AOR=0.2, 95% CI:0.1-0.4, P=0.001), good knowledge of the disease (AOR=9.046, 95% CI:3.83-13.5, P=0.000), moderate knowledge (AOR=6.763, 95% CI:2.18-12.921, P=0.001), and time since diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (AOR=0.1, 95% CI:0.02-0.2, P=0.005) were significantly associated with adherence to diabetes self-management. Conclusions and Recommendations: More than half of this population had poor adherence to diabetes self-management. The finding suggested that implementing a comprehensive guideline of adherence and expanding the recurrence of follow-up visits could be important for this population.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects a highly significant number of people and is responsible for the deaths of many people in sub-Saharan African countries alone. The best prevention method for this virus is through consistent condom utilization which can help to prevent drug-resistant HIV infection and acquisition of new infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV-positive individuals attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia in 2020. METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 HIV-positive individuals who have follow-up in the Pawi general hospital antiretroviral therapy clinics, from January to February 2020. The study subjects were reached using a systematic sampling technique and data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. Binary and multivariable analyses with a 95% confidence level were performed. In the final model, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 419 antiretroviral therapy study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. In this finding, the consistent condom utilization rate was 49.2% [95% CI: 42.2-56.5%]. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the results showed that place of residence [AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.45], marital status [AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.67], number of partners [AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.55] and level of education [AOR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.57, 18.08] were associated factors of consistent condom utilization. CONCLUSION: Consistent condom utilization among HIV-positive clients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics at Pawi general hospital was low. Residence, marital status, level of education and number of partners were significantly associated factors of consistent condom use. Health education program and counseling services should be started to increase knowledge about way of transmission and appropriate use of condoms, increase self-efficacy towards condom use and reduction in the number of sexual partners.
