Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: A Cross-sectional Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but few studies are available on CKD in Cote d'Ivoire. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CKD and identify its associated factors in the general population in Abidjan in 2016 in a cross-sectional study that included 1418 subjects. We did not receive laboratory data for 38 subjects, including serum creatinine data. Of the 1380 remaining subjects, 138 cases of CKD were included in the study (10% prevalence). We observed a female predominance (sex ratio = 0.81), and the mean age was 43.7 ± 14.5 years. Histories of hypertension (HTN) (29.7%) and diabetes (10.1%) were reported. The main clinical signs were high blood pressure (51.4%), obesity (21%), proteinuria (37.9%), and hematuria (37.4%). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was <60 mL/min in 8.2% of cases according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, in 8.6% according to the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation, and in 12.6% according to the Cockroft-Gault (CG) equation. The other laboratory signs were hyperglycemia (51.4%), hypercholesterolemia (34.1%), and hyperlipidemia (21%). In the multivariate analysis, factors such as female sex (P = 0.013), age >55 years (P = 0.02), a history of HTN (P = 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.010), and hyperlipidemia (P = 0.009) were associated with the risk of CKD. The prevalence of CKD was high in our study. The CG equation should not be used to estimate the GFR in the general population. Prevention involves managing modifiable risk factors.

Mortality in the elderly with acute kidney injury in an internal medicine department in Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly is characterized by high mortality. The objective of this study is to identify the causes of death in the elderly with AKI. This is a prospective cohort study with a descriptive purpose which was carried out during the period from January 2009 to December 2014 in the Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine of Treichville University Hospital. The diagnosis of AKI was made on the basis of serum creatinine (SCr) values determined during hospitalization, according to KDIGO classification. Our study involved 107 elderly aged 65 and older with AKI. The hospital mortality rate was 46.7% (50/107). The average age of deceased patients was 71.8 ± 7 years with extremes of 65 and 90 years. We observed a male predominance with a sex ratio (41/9) of 4.55. AKI on admission was in Stage 1 in 16% of cases, in Stage 2 in 24%, and in Stage 3 in 60% cases. SCr was normal in 8%, the AKI was in Stage 1 in 34% (P = 0.09), Stage 2 in 18% (P = 0.001), and Stage 3 in 40% (P = 0.0001). AKI in deceased patients was organic in 36% of cases, obstructive in 30%, and functional in 6%. The etiologies of AKI were infections (46%), cancer (18%), benign tumors of the urinary tract (12%), malignant hypertension (6%), decompensated heart disease (6%), and drugs (6%). The main causes of death were sepsis (28%), cardiovascular disease (22%), severe renal failure (20%), pelvic cancers (16%), and liver failure (12%). All patients with cancer (P = 0.001) or HIV infected (P = 0.009) died. Sixty-eight percent of deaths occurred the 1st week. Death was earlier by sepsis and cardiovascular disease than by cancer. Mortality is high in the elderly. The main causes of death were sepsis, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, pelvic cancer, and liver failure.

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in Cote D'Ivoire: An analytic study conducted in the department of internal medicine.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health problem because of its increasing prevalence. The objective of this study was to describe the current profile of CKD in our working conditions. This is a descriptive retrospective study of patients admitted for CKD during the period from January 2010 to December 2014 in the Internal Medicine Department of the university hospital of Treichville in Abidjan. CKD was defined by a glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min lasting for at least three months. We collected 252 cases of CKD out of 3573 patients recorded during the study period, yielding a prevalence of 7%. The mean age was 39.6 ± 14 years (15-83 years). We observed a male predominance (sex ratio 1.2:1). Of the CKD patients studied, 67.1% were hypertensive, 7.9% were diabetic, and 8.7% were positive for human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. The CKD was Stage 3 in 2.4%, Stage 4 in 3.2%, and Stage 5 in 94.4% of the patients. The etiology of CKD was hypertension in 59.9% of cases, followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (25%), HIV infection (9.1%), and diabetes (4.8%). On bivariate analysis, hypertension was the cause of CKD in 48.8% of patients under 35 years, 66.4% in patients between 35 and 64 years, and 85.4% in patients ≥65 years (P = 0.001). Chronic glomerulonephritis was the cause of CKD in 40.2% of patients under 35 years, in 14.3% between 35 and 64 years, and in 4.8% of patients ≥65 years (P = 0.0001). CKD is a common cause of hospitalization in our department. Patients generally consulted at the late stage of the disease. Risk factors are mainly hypertension, HIV infection, and diabetes.

Outcomes of acute kidney injury in a department of internal medicine in ABIDJAN (cote D'IVOIRE).

AIM: To investigate the prognostic factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in our daily practice. METHODS: We analyzed the cohort of patients hospitalized for AKI in the period from January 2010 to December 2015 in the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Treichville. Kaplan-Meier curves were built for survival analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. RESULTS: We collected 414 cases of AKI during the study period. The mean age was 48.3 ± 16.8 years. We observed a male predominance with a sex ratio (236/178) of 1.32. In multivariate analysis, the predictive factors of death were age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.28-3.55; P = 0.004), AKI stage 3 (HR = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.13-2.50; P = 0.009), haemoglobin <8 g/dL (HR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.79-4.72; P = 0.0001), infection (HR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.21-2.83; P = 0.004) and drug-induced AKI (HR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.65-6.29; P = 0.001). Factors associated with incomplete recovery or non-recovery of renal function beyond 3 months were age ≥ 65 years (OR = 4.76; 95% CI = 1.85-12.50;P = 0.001), hypertension (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.07-4.34; P = 0.03), haemoglobin <8 g/dL (OR = 6.66; 95% CI = 2.94-8.28; P < 0.001), AKI stage 3 (OR = 9.09; 95% CI = 4.54-16.66; P < 0.001) malignant hypertension (OR = 5; 95% CI = 1.67-7.27; P = 0.005) and cancer (OR = 4.69; 95% CI = 2.22-6.63; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The aetiologies are dominated by infections. The fatality rate is high and its risk factors are advanced age, low haemoglobin level, severe AKI, infection and drug intake. Prevention is essential.

[Comparative study of community acute kidney injury in HIV infected versus non-infected persons: Experience of an internal medicine department in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Étude comparative de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë communautaire chez le sujet VIH positif et le sujet VIH négatif : expérience d'un service de médecine interne à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly associated with HIV infection. OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of AKI in HIV infected versus non-infected persons. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study that was carried out during the study period from January 2010 to December 2015 in the department of nephrology-internal medicine D of Treichville University Hospital (Côte d'Ivoire). RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV infection was 35.2% in the population of AKI. The average age of patients was 42±18 years in the HIV positive group against 51±18 years in the HIV negative group (P=0.0001). Etiologies were infections in 65.1% in the HIV positive group against 38.8% in the HIV negative group (P=0.0001) and water loss in 24.7% in the HIV positive group against 7.8% in the HIV negative group (P=0.0001). Factors such as the AIDS stage (P=0.002), severe sepsis (P=0.002) and acute pyelonephritis (P=0.001) were associated with mortality in HIV positive patients against severe anemia (P=0.0001) and severe sepsis (P=0.0001) in the HIV-negative group. CONCLUSION: HIV positive patients are younger with a female predominance. The mortality rate is identical in both groups.