[Incidence of duodenal ulcer in the city of Reims 1988]. / Incidence de l'ulcère duodénal dans la ville de Reims en 1988.

No epidemiological data on the incidence of duodenal ulcer are available for a well-defined population in France. We therefore conducted a prospective study in the urban population of Reims. All radiologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons of this town were asked to report all new cases of duodenal ulcer seen during one year. During 1988, 114 new cases were identified. Age standardized incidence using world population standards were 83.6/100,000 for males and 29.5/100,000 for females. The male/female ratio was 2.8. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 51.9 years, higher for females (63.4 years) than for males (48.0 years). Nearly one third (32.5%) of duodenal ulcers presented with complications (haemorrhage or perforation) at the time of initial diagnosis.

[Ultimate controls involving the recipient of transfused products]. / La saisie au lit du malade des produits transfusés.

It is difficult for blood transfusion centers to validate the link blood products-receiver because of two reasons: most of transfusional acts are performed outside of transfusion centers; information feed-back is not perfect: data processing is completed by someone who has not carried out the transfusion. Therefore, the error risk is higher and it is impossible to enter data on transfusion reactions. The solution is the direct data storage just before transfusion and the computerized transmission to the system containing transfusion index cards. The necessary computerization is not constraining for the users: the portable computer is perfectly autonomous, not very cumbersome, light and reliable. The use of bar codes optimizes the security of the process making is possible to get a line donor-donation-analysis-blood products-receiver and to follow the trace of blood products.

[Direct collection of information during blood donation in blood mobiles]. / La saisie directe des informations lors d'un don de sang en collecte mobile.

Direct data storage, in the presence of the donor, ensures a realistic reliability and erases any deferred interpretation of the essential information for a good donation identification. Computers can help relieve this restraint. Indeed the evolution of microcomputers (increased capacity and power, decreased weight and volume, and good performance in any use makes them more and more accurate. Associated use of barcodes and microcomputers gives a nonmanual non-human line of words: donor-donation-analysis-blood products-patient. We found, working that way, the following advantages: Information secured. No deferred inputs. Instart comparison of the information on the donor's past history. Accurate donation-donor connection. Such a system represents one more step towards a continuous line of treatment from Donor to Patient in regard of Blood Transfusion Safety.

Periodicity of chronic ethanol administration as a variable in the induction of dependence in rats.

The effect of periodicity of chronic ethanol intragastric administrations on the induction of physical and behavioral dependence on ethanol has been assessed in two groups of rats. In the two groups, rats initially selected for an identical sensitivity to ethanol, were administered daily 10 g per kg b.w. during 15 days. In one group, this daily dose was administered in six intragastric pulses of 1.7 g/kg each, 3 hours apart. In the other group, the same 10 g/kg daily dose was administered in three pulses of 3.33 g/kg, 6 hours apart. In control rats determinations of blood ethanol level in these two treatment conditions showed that the daily area of blood alcohol was 2.5 times higher in the first condition than in the second one. After the 15 days of chronic forced administration, experimental rats were subjected during 6 days to an alternate eight hours single bottle presentation of 10% ethanol solution and water. In this final test of the induced behavioral dependence, rats chronically treated by small frequent doses, displayed the highest intake of ethanol solution versus water. It is concluded that periodicity of a chronic administration or intake of ethanol is an important parameter in the induction of dependence, and the frequent administration of a small daily dose distributed in higher and less frequent unitary administrations.