Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 attenuates morphine tolerance development in male rats by inhibiting dorsal root ganglion neuronal ferroptosis.

Background: Ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, both ferroptosis inhibitors, protect cells. Liproxstatin-1 decreases morphine tolerance. Yet, ferrostatin-1's effect on morphine tolerance remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ferrostatin-1 on the advancement of morphine tolerance and understand the underlying mechanisms in male rats. Methods: This experiment involved 36 adult male Wistar albino rats with an average weight ranging from 220 to 260 g. These rats were categorized into six groups: Control, single dose ferrostatin-1, single dose morphine, single dose ferrostatin-1 + morphine, morphine tolerance (twice daily for five days), and ferrostatin-1 + morphine tolerance (twice daily for five days). The antinociceptive action was evaluated using both the hot plate and tail-flick tests. After completing the analgesic tests, tissue samples were gathered from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for subsequent analysis. The levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with the measurements of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), were assessed in the tissues of the DRG. Results: After tolerance development, the administration of ferrostatin-1 resulted in a significant decrease in morphine tolerance (P < 0.001). Additionally, ferrostatin-1 treatment led to elevated levels of glutathione, GPX4, Nrf2, and TOS (P < 0.001), while simultaneously causing a decrease in TAS levels (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study found that ferrostatin-1 can reduce morphine tolerance by suppressing ferroptosis and reducing oxidative stress in DRG neurons, suggesting it as a potential therapy for preventing morphine tolerance.

An authentic leadership training programme to increase nurse empowerment and patient safety: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Authentic leadership and empowered nurses are necessary if a healthy work environment is to be created and patient safety maintained; however, few studies have examined the impact of authentic leadership, on nurse empowerment and the patient safety climate. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of an educational intervention delivered through a multi-faceted training programme on nurses' perceptions of authentic leadership, nurse empowerment (both structural and psychological) and the patient safety climate. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest-posttest design consistent with TREND guidelines. METHODS: The study was conducted in a university hospital between December 2018 and January 2020. Participants were followed for 6 months. The programme involved 36 head nurses (leaders) and 153 nurses (followers). The effectiveness of the programme was evaluated using repeated measures of analysis of variance, dependent sample t-tests and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: Following the intervention, safety climate and authentic leadership scores increased among both leaders and followers. Structural and psychological empowerment scores also increased among followers. We found that authentic leadership and structural empowerment were predictors of safety climate. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the education programme resulted in positive changes in participants' perceptions of authentic leadership and empowerment, which can enhance patient safety. IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare organizations can implement similar multi-faceted training programmes focused on authentic leadership, and nurse empowerment to increase patient safety. Achieving effective results in such programmes can be facilitated by motivating participants with the support of the top management. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The study included nurses in the intervention and the data collection processes. IMPACT: Patient safety is a global concern, and improving patient safety culture/climate is a key strategy in preventing harm. Authentic leadership and nurse empowerment are essential in creating healthy work environments and delivering safe, high-quality care. Training programmes addressing these issues can help bring about improvements in healthcare organizations.

Hemispheric synchronization patterns linked with shooting performance in archers.

Sustainable attention, effective visual-spatial perception, and motor control skills are considered highly important for achieving superior athletic performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate hemispheric synchronization patterns of brain electrical activation related to successful and unsuccessful shots of archers using electroencephalography (EEG). This study involved 16 elite archers, each shooting 36 arrows. The 10 shots closest to the target's center were successful, while the 10 farthest shots were unsuccessful. The transformed EEG data, obtained through surface Laplacian filtering, were divided into 5 sub-bands (theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2) by calculating the alpha peak frequencies. The synchronization values of the electrode pairs were calculated using the Phase Locking Value (PLV) method. To compare the EEG data for successful and unsuccessful shots in all frequency bands, the linear mixed models were fitted. Perceived fatigue levels were quantified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between fatigue and shooting performance. The results showed significantly higher coupling strength for C3-O1, C4-O2, O1-O2, F3-F4, C4-T8, T7-O2, F4-C4, C3-O2 and F4-T8 pairs during successful shooting. Moreover, the coupling strengths for F3-O2, F4-T7, C3-C4, C3-T8, T7-T8, C4-O1, F3-T8, and F4-O2 were significantly higher in unsuccessful shooting. The current findings revealed differences in the synchronization patterns associated with shooting performance. It is observed that visual-motor performance is correlated with an increase in cortical synchronization values during successful shots. These findings have the potential to serve as a theoretical reference that contributes to superior performance.

Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways.

This experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of sugammadex on the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate, involving the nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways. C6 glioma cells were used in the study. Glutamate was given to cells in the glutamate group for 24 h. Sugammadex at different concentrations was given to cells in the sugammadex group for 24 h. Cells in the sugammadex + glutamate group were pre-treated with sugammadex at various concentrations for 1 h and then exposed to glutamate for 24 h. XTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), total antioxidant (TAS), and total oxidant (TOS) in the cells were calculated using commercial kits. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Sugammadex at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL significantly enhanced the cell viability in C6 cells after the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate (p < 0.001). Moreover, sugammadex considerably decreased the levels of nNOS NO and TOS and the number of apoptotic cells and increased the level of TAS (p < 0.001). Sugammadex has protective and antioxidant properties on cytotoxicity and could be an effective supplement for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson if further research in vivo supports this claim.

The new wireless EEG device Mentalab Explore is a valid and reliable system for the measurement of resting state EEG spectral features.

Technological advancements in neuroscience have provided many conveniences to scientists, researchers, and consumers. The emerging electroencephalography (EEG) devices are good examples for it. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of a new wireless EEG device Mentalab Explore for resting-state EEG (rsEEG) recordings in eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Twenty-three healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The subjects visited the laboratory on two occasions. On the first day, both devices were used to record rsEEG data, and after 24 h, only the Mentalab Explore was used to record rsEEG for test-retest reliability analysis. We compared the alpha peak frequency, suppression, and mean power between the two devices. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for test-retest reliability analysis. Power spectral density (PSD) was calculated using Welch method. The PSD (eyes closed p < 0.0001; eyes open p = 0.01-0.0001), alpha peak frequency (p < 0.0001), and alpha suppression (p = 0.002-0.0001) from the two EEG devices as well as the test-retest results from the Mentalab device were significantly correlated. There were no significant differences in alpha peak frequency or suppression between the clinical-grade and the new devices for O1 and O2 channels in eyes-closed condition. The two measurements completed ∼24 h apart using the Mentalab system were similar for all the variables. We showed that the consumer-grade Mentalab Explore with gel electrodes is a reliable and valid EEG recording device for rsEEG spectral features.

Role of job satisfaction and work environment on the organizational commitment of nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Nursing shortage is a major global concern about healthcare. In this regard, nurses' organizational commitment is an important issue that should be focused on. Since limited data are available about the factors associated with nurse organizational commitment, further research is needed.Aim: This study aimed to examine the influence of job satisfaction and work environment on the organizational commitment of nurses.Design: A predictive design was employed.Methods: The sample comprised 595 nurses at a university hospital in Turkey. A hierarchical regression analysis applied to analyze the data.Results: Significant predictors identified as "self-realization", "nurses' participation in management and representative power", "nurse managers' attitudes and leadership qualities", "general quality", and "communication among physicians, nurses and colleagues".Conclusion: The development of strategies for increasing job satisfaction among nurses and creating positive work environments may lead administrators to increase organizational commitment in helping to the problem of nursing shortage.

Nurses' identification and reporting of medication errors.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate hospital nurses' involvement in the identification and reporting of medication errors in Turkey. BACKGROUND: Medication safety is an international priority, and medication error identification and reporting are essential for patient safety. DESIGN: A descriptive survey design consistent with the STROBE guidelines was used. METHODS: The participants were 135 nurses employed in a university hospital in Turkey. The survey instrument included 18 sample cases and respondents identified whether errors had been made and how they should be reported. Descriptive statistics were analysed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: The sample case of "Patient given 10 mg morphine sulphate instead of 1.0 mg of morphine sulphate" was defined as a medication error by 97% of respondents, whereas the sample case of "Omitting oral/IV antibiotics because of the need to take the patient out for X-rays for 3 hr" was defined as a medication error by only 32.1%. It was found that eight sample cases (omitting antibiotics, diluting norodol drops with saline, giving aspirin preprandially, injecting clexane before colonoscopy, giving an analgesic at the nurse's discretion, dispensing undiluted morphine, preparing dobutamine instead of dopamine and administering enteral nutrition intravenously) were assessed as errors and reported, although there were significant statistical differences between the identification and reporting of these errors. CONCLUSION: Nurses are able to identify medication errors, but are reluctant to report them. Fear of the consequences was the main reason given for not reporting medication errors. When errors are reported, it is likely to be to physicians. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The development of a commonly agreed definition of a medication error, along with clear and robust reporting mechanisms, would be a positive step towards increasing patient safety. Staff reporting medication errors should be supported, not punished, and the information provided used to improve the system.

The influence of authentic leadership on safety climate in nursing.

AIM: This study analysed nurses' perceptions of authentic leadership and safety climate and examined the contribution of authentic leadership to the safety climate. BACKGROUND: It has been suggested and emphasised that authentic leadership should be used as a guidance to ensure quality care and the safety of patients and health-care personnel. METHODS: This predictive study was conducted with 350 nurses in three Turkish hospitals. The data were collected using the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and the Safety Climate Survey and analysed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean authentic leadership perception and the safety climate scores of the nurses were 2.92 and 3.50, respectively. The percentage of problematic responses was found to be less than 10% for only four safety climate items. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that authentic leadership significantly predicted the safety climate. CONCLUSIONS: Procedural and political improvements are required in terms of the safety climate in institutions, where the study was conducted, and authentic leadership increases positive perceptions of safety climate. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Exhibiting the characteristics of authentic leadership, or improving them and reflecting them on to personnel can enhance the safety climate. Planning information sharing meetings to raise the personnel's awareness of safety climate and systemic improvements can contribute to creating safe care climates.

The work environment and empowerment as predictors of patient safety culture in Turkey.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: As scant research based information is available regarding the work environment, empowerment and patient safety culture, this study from a developing country (Turkey) in which health care institutions are in a state of transition, aimed to investigate further the relationships between these three variables. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. The sample comprised 274 nurse participants working in a university hospital located in Izmir (Turkey). In data evaluation, descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analyses were applied. RESULTS: The work environment and structural empowerment were related to the patient safety culture and explained 55% of the variance in patient safety culture perceptions. 'Support for optimal patient care', 'nurse/physician relationships' and 'staff involvement in organisational affairs' were the significant predictors. CONCLUSION: An enhancement of the work environment and providing access to empowerment structures may help health care organisations improve the patient safety culture. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: In light of the findings, the following actions can be recommended to inform health care leaders: providing necessary resources for nursing practise, encouraging nurses' participation in decision-making, strengthening communication within the team and giving nurses the opportunities to cope with challenging work problems to learn and grow.