RESUMO
Pediatric craniofacial fractures are fundamentally distinct from their adult counterparts because of unique injury patterns and effects on future growth. Understanding patterns and injury context informs management and risk mitigation. Previous studies include only inpatients, operative patients, or are specialty-specific. In contrast, our study presents a comprehensive assessment of all pediatric facial fracture patients seen at a single institution. Patients under 18 years old who were evaluated for facial fractures at a level I pediatric trauma center between 2006 and 2021 were reviewed. Subanalysis was performed for groups defined by age. Variables studied included demographics, etiology, fracture pattern, associated injuries, management, and outcomes. Three thousand thirty-four patients were included. Mean age at presentation was 11.5 to 4.9 years. The majority were Caucasian (82.6%) and male (68.4%). Sports were the leading cause of injury in older patients (42.2% of patients over 12 y), compared with activities of daily living in patients under 6 years (45.5%). Thirty-two percent of patients were hospitalized, 6.0% required ICU care, and 48.4% required surgery. Frequency of ICU admission decreased with age (P<0.001), whereas operative intervention increased with age (P<0.001). Zygomaticomaxillary complex (P=0.002) and nasal fractures (P<0.001) were common in older patients, whereas younger patients experienced more skull (P<0.001) and orbital fractures (P<0.001). The most associated injuries were soft tissue (55.7%) and neurologic (23.6%). This large-scale study provides updated characterization of craniofacial fractures in the pediatric population, providing a necessary framework for future studies on outcomes assessments and preventative care.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether removing or retaining adenoids at the time of placement of a second set of ear tubes impacts the need for a third set of ear tubes later in childhood. STUDY DESIGN: Single-institution retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary academic university hospital. METHODS: We identified pediatric subjects who had undergone a second ear tube placement between 1/1/17 and 9/1/19. Subjects were stratified into two groups: 1) adenoids removed at time of second tympanostomy tube insertion (TT+A) and 2) adenoids retained at time of second tympanostomy tube insertion (TT-A). A subset of children less than age 4 was also studied independently. The primary outcome was number of patients requiring a third set of tympanostomy tubes. RESULTS: A total of 136 subjects met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among children less than 4 years of age (n = 99), the incidence of requiring a third set of tubes was significantly lower in the TT+A group <4 (12.8%; 6/47) compared to the TT-A group <4 (44.2%; 23/52) (p = 0.0008) with an odds ratio of 0.18 (95%CI 0.067-0.51) and number needed to treat of 3.2. CONCLUSION: Performing adenoidectomy in children less than 4 years of age at the second tympanostomy procedure was associated with a reduced incidence of requiring a third set of ear tubes.
