[Unilateral thalamotomy with high intensity focal ultrasound in patients with refractory essential tremor: a comparative study between patients under and over 70 years of age]. / Talamotomía unilateral con ultrasonidos focales de alta intensidad en pacientes con temblor esencial refractario: un estudio comparativo entre pacientes menores y mayores de 70 años.

INTRODUCTION: High intensity focal ultrasound (HIFU) thalamotomy is a novel treatment for refractory tremor. This study aims to compare the reduction in tremor intensity and adverse effects of treatment between patients younger and older than 70 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All the patients with refractory essential tremor treated with HIFU between March 2021 and March 2023 were included consecutively. Various demographic and clinical variables were analysed, including age and the items on the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST). Cerebral vascular pathology was quantified using the Fazekas scale. Outcomes and adverse effects were compared between the patients aged 70 years or younger, and those older than 70 years. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included, and 50 of them were over 70 years old. Prior to treatment, the CRST A + B score was 20.4 ± 5.7 among those under 70 years of age, and 23.3 ± 5.1 in those older (p = 0.013). At six months after treatment, the mean was 3.8 ± 5.1 and 4.8 ± 4.5, respectively (p = 0.314). We found no significant differences in the CRST C score (2.8 ± 4.1 and 3.5 ± 4.8, p = 0.442). There were also no significant differences between the patients with vascular pathology (Fazekas = 1) and those without (4.6 ± 7.3 and 4.3 ± 4, p = 0.832). There were no differences in the presence of adverse effects between the groups based on age and vascular pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to traditional opinion, older patients do not have a poorer response or a higher rate of adverse effects after HIFU treatment.

TITLE: Talamotomía unilateral con ultrasonidos focales de alta intensidad en pacientes con temblor esencial refractario: un estudio comparativo entre pacientes menores y mayores de 70 años.Introducción. La talamotomía con ultrasonidos focales de alta intensidad (HIFU) es un tratamiento novedoso para el temblor refractario. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la reducción en la intensidad del temblor y los efectos adversos del tratamiento entre pacientes menores y mayores de 70 años. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyó consecutivamente a todos los pacientes con temblor esencial refractario tratados con HIFU entre marzo de 2021 y marzo de 2023. Se analizaron diferentes variables demográficas y clínicas, incluyendo la edad y los apartados de la Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST). Se cuantificó la patología vascular cerebral mediante la escala de Fazekas. Se compararon los resultados y los efectos adversos entre los grupos de edad de 70 años o menos y de más de 70 años. Resultados. Se incluyó a 90 pacientes, 50 de ellos de más de 70 años. Previamente al tratamiento, la CRST A + B era de 20,4 ± 5,7 en los menores de 70 años y de 23,3 ± 5,1 en los mayores (p = 0,013). A los seis meses tras el tratamiento, la media fue de 3,8 ± 5,1 y 4,8 ± 4,5, respectivamente (p = 0,314). No hallamos diferencias significativas en la CRST C (2,8 ± 4,1 y 3,5 ± 4,8, p = 0,442). Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas entre pacientes con patología vascular (Fazekas = 1) y sin ella (4,6 ± 7,3 y 4,3 ± 4, p = 0,832). No hubo diferencias en la presencia de efectos adversos entre los grupos de edad y de patología vascular. Conclusiones. En contra de lo tradicionalmente concebido, los pacientes de mayor edad no tienen una peor respuesta ni una mayor tasa de efectos adversos tras el tratamiento con HIFU.

La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad / Physical activity in Parkinson’s disease: examining prescription sources, patterns, and the influence of quality of life and disease severity

Introducción: Escasas investigaciones han explorado la influencia de la calidad de vida (CV) y la gravedad de la enfermedad en la actividad física (AF) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), así como las fuentes de prescripción de AF y consejos para esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ampliar el conocimiento científico sobre estos temas. Pacientes y métodos: Se entrevistó personalmente a 211 pacientes con EP para recopilar datos sobre los niveles de AF con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form y la CV con el Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8. Un cuestionario ad hoc recopiló información sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad (etapas de Hoehn y Yahr), los comportamientos de AF y las recomendaciones de AF. Resultados: Se encontraron asociaciones débiles, pero significativas, entre los niveles de AF, la gravedad de la enfermedad (r = –0,218; p = 0,004) y la CV (r = –0,244; p = 0,001). La mayoría de los participantes (85%) recibió asesoramiento sobre AF, principalmente de neurólogos, ya sea en el momento del diagnóstico (52%) o poco después (28%). Antes del inicio de la EP, ~86% participaba en AF, lo que disminuyó al 66% después del diagnóstico. Aproximadamente el 78% informó sobre cambios en la AF, incluida una reducción en la frecuencia (18,4%) y la duración (32,8%), y la caminata era la actividad principal. Conclusiones: La gravedad de la enfermedad y la CV afectan significativamente a los niveles de AF en pacientes con EP. El diagnóstico se asocia con una disminución en la frecuencia y la duración de la AF, y la caminata es la actividad preferida. Los neurólogos aconsejan principalmente sobre AF a las personas con EP. (AU)

Introduction: Limited research has explored the influence of quality of life (QoL) and disease severity on physical activity (PA) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and the sources of PA prescription and advice for this population. This study aims to expand scientific knowledge on these topics. Patients and methods: Two-hundred eleven PD patients were personally interviewed to collect data on PA levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and QoL using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8. An ad hoc questionnaire gathered information on disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stages), PA behaviors, and PA recommendations. Results: Weak but significant associations were found between PA levels, disease severity (r: –0.218; p = 0.004), and QoL (r: –0.244; p = 0.001). Most participants (85%) received PA counselling, predominantly from neurologists, either at diagnosis (52%) or shortly after (28%). Before PD onset, ~86% engaged in PA, decreasing to 66% post-diagnosis. Approximately 78% reported changes in PA, including reduced frequency (18.4%) and duration (32.8%), with walking as the primary activity. Conclusions: Disease severity and QoL significantly affect PA levels in PD patients. Diagnosis is associated with decreased PA frequency and duration, and walking is the preferred activity. Neurologists primarily provide PA advice.(AU)

Physical activity in Parkinson's disease: examining prescription sources, patterns, and the influence of quality of life and disease severity. / La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad.

INTRODUCTION: Limited research has explored the influence of quality of life (QoL) and disease severity on physical activity (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and the sources of PA prescription and advice for this population. This study aims to expand scientific knowledge on these topics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two-hundred eleven PD patients were personally interviewed to collect data on PA levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and QoL using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8. An ad hoc questionnaire gathered information on disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stages), PA behaviors, and PA recommendations. RESULTS: Weak but significant associations were found between PA levels, disease severity (r: -0.218; p = 0.004), and QoL (r: -0.244; p = 0.001). Most participants (85%) received PA counselling, predominantly from neurologists, either at diagnosis (52%) or shortly after (28%). Before PD onset, ~86% engaged in PA, decreasing to 66% post-diagnosis. Approximately 78% reported changes in PA, including reduced frequency (18.4%) and duration (32.8%), with walking as the primary activity. CONCLUSIONS: Disease severity and QoL significantly affect PA levels in PD patients. Diagnosis is associated with decreased PA frequency and duration, and walking is the preferred activity. Neurologists primarily provide PA advice.

TITLE: La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad.Introducción. Escasas investigaciones han explorado la influencia de la calidad de vida (CV) y la gravedad de la enfermedad en la actividad física (AF) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), así como las fuentes de prescripción de AF y consejos para esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ampliar el conocimiento científico sobre estos temas. Pacientes y métodos. Se entrevistó personalmente a 211 pacientes con EP para recopilar datos sobre los niveles de AF con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form y la CV con el Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8. Un cuestionario ad hoc recopiló información sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad (etapas de Hoehn y Yahr), los comportamientos de AF y las recomendaciones de AF. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones débiles, pero significativas, entre los niveles de AF, la gravedad de la enfermedad (r = ­0,218; p = 0,004) y la CV (r = ­0,244; p = 0,001). La mayoría de los participantes (85%) recibió asesoramiento sobre AF, principalmente de neurólogos, ya sea en el momento del diagnóstico (52%) o poco después (28%). Antes del inicio de la EP, ~86% participaba en AF, lo que disminuyó al 66% después del diagnóstico. Aproximadamente el 78% informó sobre cambios en la AF, incluida una reducción en la frecuencia (18,4%) y la duración (32,8%), y la caminata era la actividad principal. Conclusiones. La gravedad de la enfermedad y la CV afectan significativamente a los niveles de AF en pacientes con EP. El diagnóstico se asocia con una disminución en la frecuencia y la duración de la AF, y la caminata es la actividad preferida. Los neurólogos aconsejan principalmente sobre AF a las personas con EP.

Reliability and criterion-related validity of the Cooper test in pre-adolescents and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Cooper test (CT) is used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in pre-adolescents and adolescents, although it was originally developed to assess healthy adults. The aim of this study is to examine the available scientific evidence on the reliability and criterion validity of CT when administered to pre-adolescents and adolescents. Systematic searches were performed in three electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscuss and Scopus). To examine reliability and validity, four separate meta-analyses were implemented, finding high heterogeneity in studies with low methodological quality. There was a paucity of research regarding absolute reliability, while studies attempting to develop or cross-validate VO2max/VO2peak equations were almost non-existent. Information on the psychometric properties of CT in pre-adolescents under 12 years of age is scarce. The findings of this review cast doubt on the usefulness of CT both in identifying CRF and in determining the impact of strategies developed to improve CRF among pre-adolescents and adolescents.

Heart rate measurement through carotid pulse by primary school children / Medición de la frecuencia cardíaca mediante pulso carotídeo por niños de primaria

This study aimed to determine whether primaryschool children can accurately monitor their heart rate (HR) through manual pulse measurement. Children aged 9 to 12 years manually assessed their HR through the carotid pulse three times in a physical education session; lying down, after submaximal effort and one minute later. Simultaneously, HR was measured by pulsometers. Of 417 children (10.58±0.93 years, 44.8% girls), 40% provided accurate values (<10% error). Concordance analysis showed wide limits of agreement (95% of measurements between 44.76% below and 78.64% above actual HR values). Sex, age and level of effort had no significant influence on the results. Primary school children are not able to accurately measure their HR through the carotid pulse (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivodeterminar si los niños de primaria pueden controlar con precisión su frecuencia cardíaca (FC)mediante la medición manual del pulso. Niños de 9 a 12 años evaluaron manualmente su FC a través del pulso carotídeo tres veces en una sesión deeducación física; tumbados, trasun esfuerzo submáximo y un minuto después. Simultáneamente, se midió la FC mediante pulsómetros. De 417 niños (rango de edad 9 a 12 años, 44,8% niñas), un40% proporcionóvalores precisos (<10% de error). El análisis de concordancia mostró amplios límites de acuerdo (95% de las mediciones situadas entre un 44,76% por debajo y un 78,64% por encima de los valores reales de la FC). El sexo, la edad y el nivel de esfuerzo no tuvieron una influencia significativa en los resultados. Los niños de primaria no son capaces de medir con precisión su FC a través del pulso carotídeo (AU)

Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence among male and female competitors and recreational CrossFit® practitioners.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and type of urinary incontinence (UI) in female and male CrossFit® practitioners. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is an online cross-sectional survey distributed to CrossFit® practitioners across all Spanish regions. The questionnaire included categorical questions related to CrossFit® practice, multiple-choice questions to determine the exercises performed during reported UI symptoms, and The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form questionnaire items. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-one practitioners (34.0 ± 8.37 years, Body Mass Index 24.20 ± 3.34 kg/m2) met inclusion criteria and completed the survey. There were and 316 females and 255 males. Around 45 % of women and 6 % of men reported having UI (p < 0.001). The severity of UI mainly was slight (30.3 % women, 3.5 % men) and moderate (11.7 % women, 2.3 % men) (p < 0.001). Stress and urgent UI were the most prevalent types among women (36 %) and men (5 %) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that UI is relatively common among female CrossFit® practitioners, especially in repetitive jumps. The practitioners' profile (amateur/competitor) does not affect the prevalence or severity of UI. Male athletes can also experience urine leakage while performing CrossFit®, although its prevalence is much lower when compared to female practitioners.

Funcionamiento cognitivo y rendimiento deportivo en jóvenes futbolistas: Una revisión sistemática / Funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol: uma revisão sistemática / Cognitive functioning and sports performance in young soccer players: A systematic review

El funcionamiento cognitivo está adquiriendo especial relevancia a la hora de estudiar los factores que influyen en el rendimiento en fútbol. Si bien la relación entre funciones cognitivas y rendimiento deportivo cuenta con una literatura extensa en futbolistas adultos, no ocurre lo mismo en jugadores de edades tempranas, donde dicha asociación no se ha explorado en profundidad. Este trabajo surge con el propósito de conocer el estado de la cuestión y profundizar en esta línea de investigación en categorías infantiles y juveniles, de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 19 años. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática sobre las relaciones existentes entre el funcionamiento cognitivo y el rendimiento deportivo en jóvenes futbolistas. Para la realización de dicha revisión sistemática se analizaron los artículos publicados sobre esta cuestión en los últimos 10 años siguiendo el método PRISMA. Para una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura existente se han utilizado las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed y Google Scholar, entre otras, incluyendo artículos publicados tanto en lengua castellana como inglesa. Finalmente, 12 artículos fueron analizados e incluidos en la revisión. Los resultados mostraron que existen relaciones significativas entre las funciones cognitivas y el rendimiento en jóvenes futbolistas, de entre las cuales destacan variables como la atención, el control inhibitorio, la flexibilidad cognitiva o la toma de decisiones, encontrándose diferencias entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por futbolistas de élite y las obtenidas por deportistas amateurs o población general, siendo significativamente mayores en el primer grupo. (AU)

Cognitive functioning is acquiring special relevance when studying the factors that influence soccer performance. Although the relationship between cognitive functions and sport performance has an extensive literature in adult soccer players, the same does not happen in young players, where this association has not been explored in depth. This work arises with the objective of knowing the state of the issue and going in depth in this line of research in youth categories, between 8 and 19 years old. For this purpose, a systematic review has been carried out on the existing relationship between cognitive functioning and sports performance in youth soccer players. In order to carry out this systematic review, the articles published on this issue in the last 10 years were analyzed following the PRISMA method. For an exhaustive search of the literature, the database Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed and Google Scholar, among others, were used, including articles published both Spanish and English. Finally, 12 articles were analyzed and included in the review. The results showed significant relationship between cognitive functions and performance in youth soccer players, highlighting variables such as attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility or decision making, finding differences between scores obtained by elite soccer players and those obtained by amateur athletes or general population, being significantly higher in the first group (AU)

O funcionamento cognitivo está adquirindo especial relevância no estudo dos fatores que influenciam o desempenho no futebol. Embora a relação entre funções cognitivas e desempenho esportivo seja extensa na literatura em jogadores de futebol adulto, o mesmo não ocorre em jogadores de tenra idade, onde essa associação ainda não foi explorada em profundidade. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo de conhecer o estado da questão e aprofundar esta linha de pesquisa nas categorias infanto-juvenil, na faixa etária entre 8 e 19 anos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre as relações entre funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol. Para a realização desta revisão sistemática, os artigos publicados sobre o assunto nos últimos 10 anos foram analisados segundo o método PRISMA. Para uma busca exaustiva da literatura existente, foram utilizadas as bases de dados Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed e Google Scholar, entre outras, incluindo artigos publicados em espanhol e inglês. Por fim, 12 artigos foram analisados e incluídos na revisão. Os resultados mostraram que existemrelações significativas entre funções cognitivas e desempenho em jovens jogadores de futebol, entre as quais se destacam variáveis como atenção, controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva ou tomada de decisão, encontrando diferenças entre os escores obtidos por jogadores de futebol de elite e aqueles. obtidos por atletas amadores ou pela população em geral, sendo significativamente maior no primeiro grupo. (AU)

La Final 4 de balonmano: análisis del juego combinativo masculino y femenino mediante coordenadas polares / Handebol Final 4: análise do jogo combinatório masculino e feminino por meio de coordenadas polares / Handball Final 4: analysis of the male and female combinatorial game using polar coordinates

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar mediante el análisis de Coordenadas Polares la eficacia de las conductas que se muestran durante el juego combinativo ofensivo en el balonmano de élite masculino y femenino a nivel internacional. Se realizaron 16 sesiones de observación a los 8 equipos, 4 masculinos y 4 femeninos, participantes en la Final Four de la Liga de Campeones de balonmano del año 2019, para ello se utilizó una herramienta de observación que fue diseñada ad hoc y que estaba formada por 12 criterios y 62 categorías. Con un diseño observacional Nomotético/Puntual/Multidimensional, se seleccionaron tres conductas focales para el análisis de Coordenadas Polares: los medios tácticos colectivos simples, la combinación de los medios tácticos y las transformaciones. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias en el flujo de comportamientos entre el juego femenino y masculino. Destaca que en la categoría femenina las jugadoras logran el desequilibrio mediante los medios tácticos colectivos simples y sus combinaciones. Sin embargo, en categoría masculina se logra el desequilibrio e incluso la obtención de situaciones de lanzamiento ventajoso mediante las transformaciones. El juego masculino se asocia con la combinación de medios tácticos en desventaja en el marcador, mientras que en la categoría femenina se asocia con los medios tácticos simples. Ambas categorías muestran mayor utilización de los medios tácticos colectivos simples en los primeros minutos de juego, y las combinaciones de medios tácticos en los últimos. Las diferencias sugieren intervenir en la preparación de ambas categorías con una orientación específica hacia las mejoras en el desempeño del juego táctico colectivo ofensivo mediante la aportación activa de cada puesto específico y la adaptación eficiente a cambios en los sistemas de ataque en función de las necesidades del juego. (AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the behaviors shown during the offensive combinatorial game in elite male and female handball at an international level through the analysis of Polar Coordinates. 16 observation sessions were carried out on the 8 teams, 4 male and 4 female, participants in the Final Four of the Handball Champions League in 2019, for this an observation tool was used that was designed ad hoc and that was formed by 12 criteria and 62 categories. Three focal behaviors were selected forthe analysis of Polar Coordinates: simple collective tactical means, the combination of tactical means and transformations with a Nomothetic/Punctual/Multidimensional observational design. The results showed differences in the flow of behaviors between the female and male game. It stands out that in the female category the players achieve imbalance through simple collective tactical means and their combinations. However, in the male category, the imbalance is achieved and even the obtaining of advantageouslaunch situations through the transformations. The men's game is associated with the combination of tactical means at a disadvantage on the scoreboard, while in the female category it is associated with simple tactical means. Both categories show greater use of simple collective tactical means in the first minutes of play, and combinations of tactical means in the last minutes. The differences suggest intervening in the preparation of both categories with a specific orientation towards improvements in the performance of the offensive collective tactical game through the active contribution of each specific position and the efficient adaptation to changes in the attack systems depending on the needs of the team play. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio da análise de Coordenadas Polares, a eficácia dos comportamentos demonstrados durante o jogo combinativo ofensivo no handebol de elite masculino efeminino em nível internacional. Foram realizadas 16 sessões de observação nas 8 equipas, 4 masculinas e 4 femininas, participantes nas Quartas Finais da Liga dos Campeões de Andebol em 2019, para isso foi utilizado um instrumento de observação que foi desenhado ad hoc e que foi formado por 12 critérios e 62 categorias. Com um desenho observacional Nomotético/Pontual/Multidimensional, três comportamentos focais foram selecionados para a análise das Coordenadas Polares: os meios táticos coletivos simples, acombinação dos meios táticos e as transformações. Os resultados mostraram diferenças no fluxo de comportamentos entre o jogo feminino e o masculino. Destaca-se que na categoria feminina as jogadoras alcançam o desequilíbrio por meio de simples meios táticos coletivos e suas combinações. Porém, na categoria masculina, o desequilíbrio é alcançado e até mesmo a obtenção de situações vantajosas de lançamento através das transformações. O jogo masculino está associado à combinação de meios táticos em desvantagem no placar, enquanto no feminino está associado a meios táticos simples. Ambasas categorias apresentam maior utilização de meios táticos coletivos simples nos primeiros minutos de jogo e combinações de meios táticos nos últimos minutos. As diferenças sugerem intervir na preparação de ambas as categorias com uma orientação específica para melhorias no desempenho do jogo tático coletivo ofensivo através da contribuição ativa de cada posição específica e da adaptação eficiente às mudanças nos sistemas de ataque em função das necessidades da equipe jogar. (AU)

Feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen battery in adults with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) battery for predicting injury risk have been widely studied in athletic, military, public service and healthy populations. However, scant research has been carried out in people with disabilities. This study aimed at identifying the feasibility and reliability of the FMS battery when administered to adults with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS: Adults from a residential and day care centre over 18 years of age, diagnosed with ID and able to follow simple instructions, were included in the study. All participants with behavioural or health problems that prevented the completion of the FMS battery were excluded. All exercises were video recorded to assure proper scoring. Three assessors (one trained and two novices) scored each of the FMS subtests performed separately from the videos. Feasibility was based on completion rates. Reliability of the composite test scores was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS: A total of 30 people with ID (mean age: 35.5 ± 7.12 years; 33.3% women) completed all assessments. The battery showed to be feasible, although difficulties when performing two of the subtests were observed among those with moderate and severe ID. Mean total scores from the three assessors ranged from 7.83 to 8.90. An inverse trend was observed indicating that the higher the ID level, the lower the total FMS score. Test-retest reliability was good for the trained assessor (ICC = 0.89) and mostly moderate for both novice assessors (ICC range: 0.60 to 0.76). Moderate to good inter-rater reliability was observed (ICC range: 0.65 to 0.80). CONCLUSION: The FMS battery is a reliable tool that can be performed by people with ID, albeit with certain difficulties, especially in those with moderate to severe impairment. The battery does not seem to be useful for identifying people with ID at risk of suffering a sport injury. Adequately powered, well-designed studies are required to determine if the FMS battery is appropriate for identifying changes in functional performance in this population.

Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española / Reliability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale amongst elderly Spanish people

Fundamento: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar lafiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictogra-ma de Stunkard para conocer la forma física autopercibi-da y el grado de insatisfacción corporal en un grupo depersonas mayores españolas. Método: Ambos instrumentos se adaptaron al castellanoy se administraron dos veces a un grupo de 86 personasmayores. Su fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron con el ín-dice de correlación intraclase (CCI), el alfa de Cronbachy el coeficiente rho de Spearman, a partir del nivel deforma física de los participantes y de su índice de masacorporal (IMC). La comparación de las variables con dis-tribución normal se realizó mediante ANOVA. Resultados: El cuestionario y el pictograma mostraronuna buena fiabilidad test-retest (CCI = 0,78 y CCI = 0,8respectivamente). La puntuación del SAPF y el nivel deforma física mostraron asociación débil (rho = 0,424) yla autopercepción de la propia composición corporaly el IMC, moderadamente fuerte (rho = 0,727). La formafísica autopercibida del 59,5 % de la muestra fue nor-mal, del 11,4 % mala y del 29,1 % buena. Solo el 27,06 %se mostró satisfecho con su imagen corporal, el restomostró su deseo de bajar de peso el equivalente a uno(47,1 %), dos (22,4 %) o tres o más puntos (3,5 %) en elpictograma. Conclusiones: La adaptación al castellano de los dos ins-trumentos mostró fiabilidad y validez, permitiendo cono-cer que gran parte de la muestra se mostró insatisfechacon su imagen corporal, aspecto sobre el que el IMC ejer-ció una influencia significativa

Background: The aim of the study was to identify the re-liability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and theStunkard rating scale in determining self-perceived phys-ical appearance and the degree of body dissatisfaction ina group of elderly Spanish people. Methods: Both instruments were adapted to Spanishpeople and were administered twice to a group of 86 el-derly people. Their reliability and validity were assessedby means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC),Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rho coefficient, fromthe physical fitness level of the participants and theirbody mass index (BMI). ANOVA test was carried out tocompare the variables with normal distribution. Results: The questionnaire and the Stunkard ratingscale showed a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78 andICC = 0.8, respectively). SAPF and fitness level showed asignificant, albeit weak, association (rho = 0.424), while theassociation between self-perception of body compositionand BMI was moderately strong (rho = 0.727). The self-per-ceived physical appearance of 59.5 % of the sample wasacknowledged to be normal, 11.4 % perceived it as bad and29.1 % as good. Only 27.1 % were satisfied with their bodyimage, while the other participants showed a desire tolose the equivalent weight of one (47.06 %), two (22.35 %)or three or more (3.5 %) points in the Stunkard scale. Conclusion: The versions of both instruments adaptedto Spanish persons showed reliability and validity, andshowed that it was possible to determine that a large partof the sample was dissatisfied with their body image. BMIhad a significant influence in this regard.(AU)

[Reliability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale amongst elderly Spanish people].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to identify the reliability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale in determining self-perceived physical appearance and the degree of body dissatisfaction in a group of elderly Spanish people. METHODS: Both instruments were adapted to Spanish people and were administered twice to a group of 86 elderly people. Their reliability and validity were assessed by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha and Spearman's rho coefficient, from the physical fitness level of the participants and their body mass index (BMI). ANOVA test was carried out to compare the variables with normal distribution. RESULTS: The questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale showed a good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.78 and ICC=0.8, respectively). SAPF and fitness level showed a significant, albeit weak, association (rho=0.424), while the association between self-perception of body composition and BMI was moderately strong (rho=0.727). The self-perceived physical appearance of 59.5% of the sample was acknowledged to be normal, 11.4% perceived it as bad and 29.1% as good. Only 27.1% were satisfied with their body image, while the other participants showed a desire to lose the equivalent weight of one (47.06%), two (22.35%) or three or more (3.5%) points in the Stunkard scale. CONCLUSION: The versions of both instruments adapted to Spanish persons showed reliability and validity, and showed that it was possible to determine that a large part of the sample was dissatisfied with their body image. BMI had a significant influence in this regard.

Influence of Frailty Status on Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Acute Low Back Pain: Results from the Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE-Brazil) Study.

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from a prospective cohort study to investigate whether frailty is associated with pain intensity, disability caused by low back pain (LBP), and quality of life in an older population with acute non-specific LBP. Six hundred and two individuals with a mean age of 67.6 (standard deviation [SD] 7.0) years were included in the analysis. In relation to frailty status, 21.3 per cent of the sample were classified as robust, 59.2 per cent were classified as pre-frail, and 19.5 per cent were classified as frail. In the unadjusted analysis, pre-frail and frail groups showed significantly higher pain and disability scores than the robust group. Moreover, the same two groups exhibited lower scores in both physical and mental domains of quality of life than the robust group. After adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical variables, disability scores and the physical component of quality of life were significantly associated with frailty. In older adults with acute LBP, frailty is associated with more disability and worse scores in the physical component of quality of life.

[Analysis of the convergent validity of the Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (VREM) and the Spanish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in elderly people (IPAQ-E)]. / Análisis de la validez convergente de la Versión reducida en español del cuestionario de actividad física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota (VREM) y de la versión española del Cuestionario internacional de actividad física en personas mayores (IPAQ-E).

BACKGROUND: In our country the Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (VREM) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in elderly people (IPAQ-E) are considered useful tools for estimating the amount of physical activity (PA) performed by the geriatric population. However, few studies have been carried out on their psychometric properties. Therefore, this research aims to provide information on their convergent validity by analysing the degree of association that both questionnaires show with physical fitness level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 105 people (mean age: 76.77 (SD=6.01) years; 84.8% women), answered both questionnaires and performed the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), in order to assess their physical fitness level. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the SFT and the VREM items related to energy expenditure derived from walking (r=0.227) or from performing sports activities or dancing (r=0.235), and the estimated total energy expenditure (r=0.314). The IPAQ-E did not establish significant associations with any of the variables analysed. Although a certain a priori correlation was observed between the VREM and the IPAQ-E (r=0.447, p<0.001) and the mean difference between both parameters was nil (p=0.553), it was considered that the questionnaires showed a lack of agreement due to the great width found in the range of differences. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the VREM questionnaire is recommended for estimating the amount of PA performed by the geriatric population, as it shows a certain degree of association, albeit weak, with the level of physical fitness.

Lipid changes and tolerability in a cohort of adult HIV-infected patients who switched to rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir due to intolerance to previous combination ART: the PRO-STR study.

Objectives: To analyse lipid changes and tolerability in a cohort of HIV-infected patients who switched their antiretroviral regimens to rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir (RPV/FTC/TDF) in a real-world setting. Methods: PRO-STR is a 48 week prospective observational post-authorization study in 25 hospitals. Patients with a viral load <1000 copies/mL, receiving at least 12 months of combination ART (cART), with constant posology for at least the prior 3 months, were categorized according to previous treatment [NNRTI or ritonavir-boosted PI (PI/r)]. Analytical tests were performed at the baseline visit, between week 16 and week 32, and at week 48. Results: A total of 303 patients were included (mean age 46.6 years; male 74.0%; previous treatment 74.7% NNRTI and 25.3% PI/r). Both groups exhibited significantly reduced lipid profiles, except for HDL cholesterol, for which a non-significant increase was observed. [NNRTI patients: total cholesterol (baseline: 195.5 ±âŸ38.4 mg/dL; week 48: 171.0 ±âŸ35.5 mg/dL), total cholesterol/HDL ratio (baseline: 4.2 ±âŸ1.2; week 48: 4.0 ±âŸ1.2), HDL (baseline: 49.1 ±âŸ12.0 mg/dL; week 48: 49.2 ±âŸ45.8 mg/dL), LDL (baseline: 119.2 ±âŸ30.2 mg/dL; week 48: 114.2 ±âŸ110.7 mg/dL), and triglycerides (baseline: 136.6 ±âŸ86.8 mg/dL; week 48: 113.4 ±âŸ67.8 mg/dL); PI/r patients: total cholesterol (baseline: 203.2 ±âŸ48.8 mg/dL; week 48: 173.4 ±âŸ36.9 mg/dL), total cholesterol/HDL ratio (baseline: 4.7 ±âŸ1.6; week 48: 4.0 ±âŸ1.2), HDL (baseline: 46.4 ±âŸ12.5 mg/dL; week 48: 52.1 ±âŸ54.4 mg/dL), LDL (baseline: 127.0 ±âŸ36.3 mg/dL; week 48: 111.4 ±âŸ35.8 mg/dL), and triglycerides (baseline: 167.6 ±âŸ107.7 mg/dL; week 48: 122.7 ±âŸ72.1 mg/dL)]. The most common intolerances were neuropsychiatric in the NNRTI patients and gastrointestinal and metabolic in the PI/r patients, and these intolerances were significantly reduced in both groups at week 48 [NNRTI: neuropsychiatric (baseline: 81.3%; week 48: 0.0%); PI/r: gastrointestinal (baseline: 48.7%; week 48: 0.0%) and metabolic (baseline: 42.1%; week 48: 0.0%)]. Conclusions: RPV/FTC/TDF improved the lipid profiles and reduced the intolerances after switching from NNRTI or PI-based regimens, in a cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Modelling of composting process of different organic waste at pilot scale: Biodegradability and odor emissions.

The composting process of six different compostable substrates and one of these with the addition of bacterial inoculums carried out in a dynamic respirometer was evaluated. Despite the heterogeneity of the compostable substrates, cumulative oxygen demand (OD, mgO2kgVS) was fitted adequately to an exponential regression growing until reaching a maximum in all cases. According to the kinetic constant of the reaction (K) values obtained, the wastes that degraded more slowly were those containing lignocellulosic material (green wastes) or less biodegradable wastes (sewage sludge). The odor emissions generated during the composting processes were also fitted in all cases to a Gaussian regression with R2 values within the range 0.8-0.9. The model was validated representing real odor concentration near the maximum value against predicted odor concentration of each substrate, (R2=0.9314; 95% prediction interval). The variables of maximum odor concentration (ouE/m3) and the time (h) at which the maximum was reached were also evaluated statistically using ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test taking the substrate as a factor, which allowed homogeneous groups to be obtained according to one or both of these variables. The maximum oxygen consumption rate or organic matter degradation during composting was directly related to the maximum odor emission generation rate (R2=0.9024, 95% confidence interval) when only the organic wastes with a low content in lignocellulosic materials and no inoculated waste (HRIO) were considered. Finally, the composting of OFMSW would produce a higher odor impact than the other substrates if this process was carried out without odor control or open systems.

Análisis de la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de cloruro mórfico epidural para el dolor postoperatorio tras cesárea / No disponible

Objetivo: el control del dolor postcesárea es un punto importante, pues se ha tratado de implementar una técnica analgésica que ocasione mínimos efectos secundarios pero que provea de una buena calidad y duración de la misma, para tener un rápido alivio del dolor, buena recuperación y disminución de los costes de hospitalización. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de un único bolo de dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico por catéter epidural como coadyuvante analgésico tras cesárea. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico prospectivo aleatorio observacional de casos y controles a lo largo de tres años, en 400 pacientes, ASA I-II, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 39 años, intervenidas de cesárea bajo anestesia epidural. Las pacientes se distribuyeron en dos grupos, un primer grupo denominado GM formado por 200 pacientes a las que se administró dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico, diluidos hasta 10 cm³ con suero fisiológico, a través del catéter epidural, posteriormente a la finalización de la cesárea y tras recuperación de bloqueo sensitivo y motor. El otro grupo denominado GC constituido por las 200 pacientes restantes y a las que no se administró morfina peridural. Ambos grupos recibieron el mismo protocolo analgésico con paracetamol y metamizol pautados, y rescate con bolos de morfina intravenosa en la Unidad de Recuperación Postoperatoria y Ketorolaco en planta. Se utilizó t-Student para comparar las variables cuantitativas. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: el GM tuvo menos dolor medido a través de la Escala Visual Analógica a las 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas de la intervención, que el GC. El consumo de analgesia suplementaria fue similar en ambos grupos. El prurito fue el efecto secundario más frecuente (35% de las pacientes de GM) y sólo excepcionalmente fue molesto. No hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos en estancia hospitalaria ni en satisfacción. Existió una mejor calidad de sueño en el grupo al que se administró la morfina epidural. Discusión: en nuestro estudio, la administración de una sola dosis de dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico por vía epidural junto con fármacos convencionales por vía sistémica ofrecen una analgesia superior con mínimos efectos adversos en comparación a la obtenida cuando se administran únicamente fármacos convencionales por vía sistémica en pacientes sometidas a cesárea bajo anestesia epidural. En base a nuestros resultados consideramos que la administración de un bolo de dos miligramos de morfina epidural parece ser una técnica efectiva y segura, por lo que podría incorporarse al protocolo analgésico de cesárea (AU)

Objective: pain control after cesarean section is an important point, as it has tried to implement an analgesic technique that causes minimal side effects while still providing a good quality and duration of it, to have a quick pain relief, good recovery and decreased hospitalization costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of a single bolus administration of two milligrams of morphine epidural catheter as an adjuvant analgesic after cesarean delivery. Matherial and methods: multicenter randomized prospective observational controlled trial along three years in 400 patients, ASA I-II, aged between 18 and 39, for cesarean section with epidural technique. Patients were divided into two groups, one group called GM made up of 200 patients who were given two milligrams of morphine, diluted to 10 cm³ with saline through the epidural catheter, after the completion of the caesarean section and after recovery of sensory and motor block. The other group called GC constituted by the remaining 200 patients and who did not receive epidural morphine. Both groups received the same analgesic protocol with paracetamol and metamizol ruled, and rescue boluses of intravenous morphine in the postoperative recovery unit and ketorolac on the ground. T-Student was used to compare quantitative variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: the GM had less pain, measured by Visual Analog Scale, at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery, than the GC. Supplementary analgesic consumption was similar in both groups. Pruritus was the most common side effect (35% of GM patients) and only exceptionally was annoying. There were no differences between groups in hospital stay or satisfaction. The group with epidural morphine had a better quality of sleep. Discussion: in our study, administration of a single dose of two milligrams of epidural morphine with conventional drugs provides a better post-cesarean analgesia with minimal side effects compared to that obtained when only conventional drugs are administered. According to our results we think that the administration of a bolus of two milligrams of morphine epidural seems a safe and effective technique, so we could join to the analgesic protocol of cesarean (AU)

Comentarios al artículo "Análisis descriptivo de mortalidad en cirugía cardíaca en los hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Valenciana en el año 2007" / No disponible

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Analysis of pharmacodynamic interaction of sevoflurane and propofol on Bispectral Index during general anaesthesia using a response surface model.

BACKGROUND: Propofol and sevoflurane act on the GABA(A) receptor, modulating the function of this receptor in an additive manner. The pharmacodynamic interaction of both drugs considering their effect on EEG activity analysed by the bispectral index (BIS) was identified as additive, but this has not been studied in a clinical setting. The objective of this study was to analyse the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and sevoflurane on BIS using a surface response model in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with i.v. induction and inhalation maintenance. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in 24 patients undergoing general anaesthesia with propofol induction and sevoflurane maintenance. Anaesthetic depth was measured with a BIS VISTA Bilateral monitor. Propofol biophase concentration was determined using a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and sevoflurane end-tidal concentration was measured continuously. The response surface model described by Minto and colleagues was used to analyse the interaction. Statistical analysis was performed with Excel 2002 and SPSS v11.0. RESULTS: The mean value of U(50)(theta) was 0.956 (sd 0.029) in the overall estimated data, and remained within the predefined range for all ratios of the drugs, fulfilling the criterion of additivity. The median of the weighted residuals between the actual BIS value and the BIS value predicted by the model was -5.926%. CONCLUSIONS: Under the study conditions, it was confirmed that sevoflurane and propofol have an additive effect on BIS, with no evidence suggesting the existence of a synergistic effect for the concentrations of both drugs typically used in clinical practice.