[Mortality in hemodialysis unit in Togo]. / Mortalite dans l'unite d'hemodialyse au Togo.

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiological and etiologic aspects associated with the death of haemodialysis patients. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the department of hemodialysis of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital from July 2010 to December 2011 (18 months). The files of all the haemodialysis patients for chronic renal insufficiency of both sexes and all ages who died were included in our study. RESULTS: 153 patients were dialysed during our period of study, 48 died (mortality rate: 31,4%). On these 48 deaths, 36 files were retained. The average age of the patients was 48.3 years with extremes of 16 and 73 years. The age bracket from 35 to 65 years was the most affected with 77% of deaths. The patients of less than 35 years and those of more than 65 years represented respectively 16% and 5% of deaths. The sex-ratio was 3.5 (M:W). Regarding chronic pathologies, 36% had hypertension, 25% were diabetics and 31% were HIV-positive. Regarding anaemia, only 16.6% benefited from an occasional and irregular treatment by erythropoietin and the remaining 83.4% by blood transfusion. For the hemodialysis, 75% of patients had benefited from a central venous catheter (CVC) and 25% of an artério-venous fistula (FAV). On 27 patients having used a central venous catheter as vascular access, 20 died in the first year of dialysis (74%). Thirteen (13) of our patients had interrupted their sessions of hemodialysis. The causes of death were dominated by infections (16 cases) followed by cardiovascular diseases (11 cases) and acute anaemia (5 cases). Sixty one percent of the patients died less than one year after the beginning of the hemodialysis sessions; 11.1% after 2 years. The rate of survival of our patients was 50% after 6 months of dialysis, 33.3% after 1 year and only 8.3% after 2 years. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of haemodialysis is high in Togo with a very low survival a year following treatment. Infections played an important part in the death of haemodialysis patients partially due to the administration method, but more importantly cardiovascular and anemia.

BUT: Etudier les aspects épidémiologiques et les facteurs associés au décès chez les patients hémodialysés. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale rétrospective à visée descriptive ayant pour cadre l'unité d'hémodialyse du CHU Sylvanus Olympio. Les données ont été collectées sur une période de 18 mois de juillet 2010 à décembre 2011. Ont été inclus dans notre étude, les dossiers de tous les patients hémodialysés pour insuffisance rénale chronique décédés, sans discrimination de sexe et de tout âge. RÉSULTATS: Au total 153 patients ont été dialysés pendant notre période d'étude parmi lesquels 48 sont décédés soit un taux de mortalité de 31,4%. Sur ces 48 décès, 36 dossiers étaient éligibles. L'âge moyen des patients était de 48,3 ans avec des extrêmes de 16 et 73 ans. La tranche d'âge de 35 à 65 ans était la plus représentée avec un taux 77%. Les patients de moins de 35 ans et ceux de plus de 65 ans représentaient respectivement 16% et 5%. On notait une sex-ratio H/F de 3.5 :1. Au plan des pathologies chroniques, 36% étaient hypertendus, 25% diabétiques. Chez 31% de nos patients, la sérologie rétrovirale était positive au VIH. Pour ce qui concerne l'anémie, seul 16,6% ont bénéficié d'un traitement intermittent et irrégulier par érythropoïétine et 83,4% ont été transfusés. Pour l'hémodialyse, 75% des patients avaient bénéficié d'un cathéter veineux central (CVC) comme voie d'abord et 25% d'une fistule artério-veineuse (FAV). Sur les 27 patients chez qui un cathéter veineux central a été utilisé comme voie d' abord vasculaire, 20 soit 74% sont décédés dans la première année de dialyse. Treize(13) de nos patients avaient interrompu leurs séances d'hémodialyse. Les facteurs associés au décès étaient dominées par les infections (16 cas) suivies des maladies cardiovasculaires (11 cas) et l'anémie grave* (5 cas).Soixante un pourcent des patients sont décédés à moins d'un an après le début des séances d'hémodialyse et 11,1% après 2 ans. Le taux de survie de nos patients était de 50% à 6 mois de dialyse, 33, 3% à 1 an et seulement 8,3% à 2 ans. CONCLUSION: Le taux de mortalité des hémodialysés est élevé au Togo avec une survie à un an très faible. Les infections occupent une place importante dans les décès des hémodialysés dont la voie d'abord utilisée serait en partie responsable, mais les autres facteurs associés au décès étaient dominés par les atteintes cardiovasculaires et l'anémie.

[Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis in Togo]. / Prise en charge des hyperparathyroïdies secondaires chez des patients dialysés au Togo.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the means for diagnosis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing regular hemodialysis. METHODS: This prospective investigation studied patients with chronic renal kidney disease requiring and receiving hemodialysis at the Tokoin University Hospital in Lomé, from January 21, 2008, through December 31, 2008. RESULTS: The study population comprised 42 patients: 24 men and 18 women ranging in age from 20-82 years (mean: 42.62 years). Hyperparathormonemia was found in 20 of 24 patients for whom parathormonemia was assayed. Two patients with hyperthyroidism received a phosphorus chelator, and another went to Egypt for renal transplantation. The various other treatments we applied were not efficacious. We noted three cases of pathological fractures and one case of sudden death. CONCLUSION: The risk of parathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis is unavoidable. Its course is marked by a risk of sudden death due to the cardiovascular damage it causes. Numerous factors impede its effective management in Togo.

[Smoking among journalists in the private and public media in Togo]. / Tabagisme dans les médias publics et privés du Togo.

BACKGROUND: Collaboration with journalists should help to reduce the tobacco epidemic. All over the world, no study assessed the extent of tobacco smoking in the bosom of reporters. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking among reporters and to evaluate their attitudes towards tobacco. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using an anonymised questionnaire was conducted among reporters working for both the public and private media in Togo between the 1st May and the 31st June 2005 using the "from door to door" method. Data analysis was performed with Epi-Info 3.3.2. RESULTS: The participation rate was 82.44%. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was 25%. Smoking was more common in men (26.1% versus 19.6%, p=0.03). The average age that subjects had started to smoke was 17.1 years (Range: 6 and 30 years) with all smokers reporting that they smoked tobacco only in the form of cigarettes. 79.3% of smokers thought that they would quit within the next five years. Only 6.2% reporters often talked about smoking while on the microphone. A majority of the reporters approved of anti-smoking initiatives. CONCLUSION: Because of their importance in the diffusion of news, the media must be enrolled in the fight against tobacco.