[Oral microbiome in children with dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa]. / Mikrobiota slizistoi obolochki rta u detei s retsessivnym distroficheskim bulleznym epidermolizom.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess bacterial load in oral wounds in children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 77 RDEB children aged 3-18 years (mean age 9.5±3.6 years) and 27 healthy children aged 4-18 years (mean age 9.8±4.1 years) who served as controls. Swabs for bacteriological study were taken from the oral wounds in RDEB patients and non-affected corresponding oral mucosa areas in controls. The microorganism growth was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation (37 °C and 30 °C) with subsequent identification in automatic bacteriological analyzer MicroScan Walk Away (Simens, USA). Results. The study revealed high prevalence and concentrations of Candida albicans (in 40.3% children), Staphilococcus aureus (23.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (9.1%), and Enterobacteria (10.4%) in RDEB children. From these species, only Candida albicans was present in controls (26%). The prevalence and concentration of commensal and pathogenic species correlated positively with age and significant difference was revealed between children at the age of 3-6 and 7-10 years (p=0.001). Thus, bacterial load in oral wounds correlates with the RDEB natural history and fibrosis progression. Delayed oral wound healing was associated with microbiome shift towards biofilm-producing bacteria Staphilococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. CONCLUSION: Oral wounds microbiome may be an indicator of RDEB severity and tendency to oral fibrosis. The decrease of bacterial load in the oral wounds may remove one of the healing obstacles and serve as fibrosis prevention measure.

[Evaluation of effectiveness of a mouthwash containing antiseptic octenidine dihydrochloride]. / Otsenka effektivnosti primeneniya opolaskivatelya, soderzhashchego antiseptik oktenidina digidrokhlorid.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess changes in the oral microbiota when using octenidine dihydrochloride mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota were studied and evaluated after a single rinse, course application and long-term dates. RESULTS: A single rinse resulted in a significant decrease in the number of pathogenic microorganisms: S. aureus, C. albicans, and Enterobacteriae. After a seven-day course of mouthwash application, the complete disappearance of pathogenic microorganisms: S. aureus, S. albicans, and Enterobacteriae and an increase in the number of Lactobacillus spp were revealed. 7 days after the mouthwash was canceled, there was some recovery of pathogenic (S. aureus, Candida), the number of Lactobacillus spp. remained the same, normal microflora almost completely restored. CONCLUSION: Octenidine dihydrochloride mouthwash may be recommended for wide use in dental practice in the treatment of various oral pathological conditions, including candidiasis and dysbiosis.

[Adhesion of microorganisms to various dental materials used to form a gum contour in implant-retained restorations]. / Osobennosti adgezii mikroorganizmov k stomatologicheskim materialam, ispol'zuemym dlia formirovaniia kontura desny pri protezirovanii s oporoi na dental'nye implantaty.

The article the literature review on dental materials for the manufacture of gum formers used in dental implantology. Adhesion of microorganisms to titanium, PMMA and PEEK resins is discussed. According to published studies PEEK polymer is characterized by a similar bacterial contamination compared to titanium but shows lower degree of contamination when compared to acrylic resins in equal conditions.

[Oral manifestations of KID syndrome: rare clinical case]. / Stomatologicheskie proiavleniia KID-sindroma: redkii klinicheskii sluchai.

The paper presents a rare clinical case of an infant with KID (Keratitis, Ichthyosis, Deafness) syndrome (about 100 patients reported so far) admitted for histological verification of oral mucosa lesions. Disease pathogenesis defines inadequate reparation and skin and mucosa innate immunity defect leading to higher incidence of bacterial and fungal infections, so the 4-years old girl received treatment for vegetating candidiasis of the oral mucosa for several weeks with no clinical improvement. Initial examination showed that the oral lesions resulted from sharp edges of severely affected carious teeth. Histological study of multifocal biopsy revealed pyogenic granulomas and no signs of SCC. Teeth extraction and symptomatic treatment leaded to significant clinical improvement and some remained mucosal changes may be attributed to syndrome manifestations.

[Specific features of materials for initial pulpitis treatment].

The aim of the current study was to assess antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of Biodentine (Septodont), Rootdent (TehnoDent) and adhesive Futurabond НР (Voco). Two lines of experiments were carried out using cements water solutions and firm tablet-like samples (made by means of special pattern). Citotoxic activity was tested on NCTC L929 mice line fibroblasts culture. All the examined materials showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albiсans, St. faecalis, mostly evident in Futurabond and the poorest in Biodentine samples. As for cytotoxic properties, Biodentine proved not to suppress metabolic activity stimulating odontotropic impact. The results confirm the analyzed materials to be a useful tool for deep caries lesions and initial pulpitis treatment.

[Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of root canal irrigation agents].

A comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of different antiseptics for root canal irrigation: chlorhexidine bigluconate solution in 6 concentrations (2.0-1.0-0.5-0.2-0.1-0.02%), two sodium hypochlorite formulations: "Parcan" (France) and "Hypochloran-3" (Russia), and stabilized EDTA solution (EDTA Solutions (Korea)) was carried out. The results indicate that the level of antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine is directly proportional to its concentration. Sodium hypochlorite tends to be more effective in compare with chlorhexidine. EDTA Solutions has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against all strains.

[Comparative study of antimicrobial activity of "Biodentin" and "Rootdent" cements and "Futurabond NR" adhesive].

Bacterial contamination under fillings proved to be the main reason for pulp inflammation thus emphasizing the importance of antibacterial properties of restorative materials. The aim of the current study was to assess antibacterial properties of "Biodentine" (Septodont), "Rootdent" (TehnoDent) and adhesive "Futurabond НР" (Voco). Two lines of experiments were carried out using cements water solutions and firm tablet-like samples (made by means of special pattern). All the examined materials showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albiсans, Str. faecalis. The results confirm the analyzed materials to be a useful tool for deep caries lesions treatment.

[New guidelines for oral hygiene means registration in Russian Federation].

Technical guidelines and voluntary standards are introduced in Russia since 2003. The paper contains the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the new system for oral hygiene means registration.

[Changes of gingival groove microbiosis by orthodontic treatment].

Gingival groove and dental plaque microbiosis was studied for 6 months in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. The patients were divided in two groups according to the type of used toothbrushes (manual or electric). After fixation of orthodontic appliances the increase of S. epidermidis by simultaneous decrease of E. faecium was observed in both groups. This shift was overcome one month later. Electric toothbrush showed better effectiveness for dental hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

[Microbiological study of the efficiency of various hygienic products for toothbrushes].

Options vary about the microbial contamination of toothbrushes as well as selection of adequate remedies for their disinfection. A microbiological study of contamination of toothbrushes was conducted considering the efficiency of purifying tablets, ultraviolet radiation and 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine as means of toothbrushes disinfection.

[Microflora dynamics in purulent skin wound in rats after ozonized perftorane applications].

In 30 Wistar rats divided in 3 groups with 10 rats in each skin defects were reproduced under anaesthesia and wound surface was fixed with the help of plastic rings. The wounds were contaminated with microbe dredge consisting of St. aureus, Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli in the concentration of 10(9) cells/ml. After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours the wound was irrigated with 10-15 ml of the following solutions: in the 1st group - commercial perftorane solution, in the 2nd group - ozonized perftorane, in the 3rd group - physiological solution. Hard medium inoculation let determine total number of growing microbe colonies. The material was taken each 3rd day. 9 experimental series were executed with the total length of experiment equal to 30 days. It was established that from 15th day of the experiment in the group with ozonized perftorane irrigations the mean number of microorganisms in the wound was reduced, granulation tissue growth and epithelization were speeded up if compared with the groups of animals irrigated with physiological solution and non-ozonized perftorane. Ozone action was connected not only with its bactericidal properties but in considerable degree with comprehensive local immunity activation.

[Application of medical ozone in endodontic practice].

We analyzed the results of comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of ozone-oxygen mixture with various concentrations of ozone referring to strains of St. mutans, St. aureus, and also mixed cultivation from root follicle with a chronic periodontitis.

[Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of 1 and 25% concentration of Metrogil-denta for inflammatory periodontal disease treatment].

The study was made of Metrogil-denta (MD) with a stable 0.25% chlorhexidine concentration and metronidazole concentration 1.0% for prevention and 25% for inflammatory periodontal disease treatment. Results of their use in 76 patients are presented. MD with 1% metronidazole failed to eliminate aerobic and anaerobic microflora completely. Bactericidal effect of Metrogil-denta was seen only in 25% metronidazole concentration.

[Selection of therapy with nitrates in patients with stable effort angina: results of comparative study of common isosorbide dinitrate and long acting preparation of isosorbide-5-mononitrate].

AIM: To assess efficacy and tolerability of a novel drug form of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with ischemic heart disease and stable effort angina as compared with common isosorbide dinitrate pills. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with stable class II-III effort angina (n=30) were included into a randomized crossover study in which they received isosorbide dinitrate (nitrosorbide, 10-20 mg t.i.d.) and long acting isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ephox-long, 50-100 mg o.d.) for 3 weeks each. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by clinical data and treadmill exercise tests. Questionnaires were used for registration of frequency and intensity of attacks of headache. RESULTS: The use of both isosorbide dinitrate and 5-mononitrate was associated with significant improvements of exercise tolerance however effect of mononitrate lasted longer. Nitroglycerine requirement diminished during first week of use of both drugs and remained on this level by the end of 3-rd week of treatment with mononitrate but substantially rose by the end of treatment with dinitrate. Number of attacks of headache increased during first week of treatment with both drugs, became even higher by the end of use of dinitrate and decreased by the end of use of mononitrate. CONCLUSION: Long acting form of isosorbide-5-mononitrate ephox-long taken once daily provides sufficient antianginal effect throughout a day and is better tolerated than nitrosorbide preparation of isosorbide dinitrate with moderately prolonged activity.

[Clinical-laboratory study of the efficacy of combined drug Cifran CT in complex therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease].

Data on clinical and microbiological study on 40 patients showed sufficient efficacy of combined preparation Cifran CT used in combined therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease.

[Assessment of the efficacy and tolerance of delayed-action nifedipine as the monotherapy or in combination with metoprolol in patients with arterial hypertension]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti i perenosimosti nifedipina prolongirovannogo deistviia v vide monoterapii i v kombinatsii s metoprololom u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei.

AIM: To compare efficacy and safety of nifedipin-retard (cordaflex-retard, Egis, Hungary) used in monotherapy and in combination with metoprolol (egilok, Egis, Hungary) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 20 patients with AH stage I-II (12 males, 8 females, mean age 57.3 years, mean duration of the disease 8.6 years). Nifedipin-retard was given in a daily dose 40 mg/day (20 mg twice a day) in monotherapy and 20 mg/day in combination with metoprolol which was administered 50 mg twice a day (a daily dose 100 mg/day). The control examination consisted of a physical examination, measurement of arterial pressure (AP) by Korotkov, registration of heart rate, ECG, 24-h AP monitoring, echocardiography. RESULTS: By 24-h AP monitoring, a 4-week treatment with nifedipin-retard alone resulted in lowering of systolic arterial pressure. The combined treatment produced a more pronounced fall both in systolic and diastolic pressure. Diastolic left-ventricular function improved in combined therapy. Side effects observed in nifedipin-retard monotherapy got much more weaker when this drug combined with metoprolol. CONCLUSION: Combination of nifedipin-retard with metoprolol provides better clinical response and tolerance than monotherapy with nifedipin-retard.

[Decrease in the sensitivity to the anti-ischemic effect of propranolol and prospects for correcting it in patients with stable angina pectoris]. / Snizhennaia chuvstvitel'nost' k antiishemicheskomu éffektu propranolola i vozmozhnost' ee korrektsii u bol'nykh stabil'noi stenokardiei.

AIM: To study incidence of low sensitivity to an antiischemic effect of propranolol and feasibility of its correction with a metabolic drug--trimetazidine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paired treadmill and bicycle exercise tests were made until depression of segment ST > 1 mm and a typical angina episode. The trial included 147 men with ischemic heart disease, stable angina pectoris (functional class II-III). The antiischemic effect of propranolol single doses 40 or 80 mg were assessed in 117 patients. Single doses of propranolol 40 mg, trimetazidine 20 mg and their combination were examined for an antiischemic effect in 30 patients. The absence of the above effect of propranolol was stated in 20 patients who participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study with conduction of 2-week courses of regular administration of propranolol in a dose 120 mg/day, trimetazidine 60 mg/day and their combination. Echo-CG was made initially and in the end of each course. RESULTS: Propranolol's antiischemic effect of a single dose 40 mg was not found in 45.3% patients, 40-80 mg--in 21%. Among 20 patients without effect of the single propranolol dose, an increment of the threshold load made up 20.7 +/- 15.7 s, after intake of trimetazidine 16.3 +/- 18.6 s. The combination of these drugs significantly increases the increment of the threshold load duration to 90.8 +/- 80.4 s. The same picture was observed in the course treatment. The above increment in the course administration of propranolol was 46.3 +/- 15.3 s, of trimetazidine 22.8 +/- 20.2 s, of their combination 122.7 +/- 21.8 s (p = 0.02). In the absence of propranolol effect, echo-CG registered deterioration of disorder of left ventricular diastolic function. 10 patients with effect of the single propranolol dose this deterioration was not observed in combined use of propranolol and trimetazidine. CONCLUSION: The antiischemic effect of propranolol in a single dose 40 mg was not recorded in about half of the examined anginal patients. Combined use of propranolol and trimetazidine in cases with no propranolol effect provides a synergetic effect both in single and course administration.

[Use of probiotics Bifidumbacterin and Acilact in tablets in therapy of periodontal inflammations]. / Primenenie tabletirovannykh form probiotikov Bifidumbakterina i Atsilakta v kompleksnom lechenii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii parodonta.

The results of the use of russian probiotics Acilact and Bifidumbacterin in complex treatment of gingivitis and different degrees of parodontitis are presented. The treatment of the patients of control group was added by the italien drug Tantum Verde. The effect of Acilact and Bifidumbacterin to the normalisation of Mycroflora higher in comparison with Tantum-Verde, particulary in the cases of gingivitis and parodontitis superficialis.

[Validation of the optimal concentration of Metrogil-denta preparation in the treatment of periodontal inflammations]. / Obosnovanie optimal'noi kontsentratsii preparata Metrogil-denta pri lechenii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii parodonta.

Fifty-two patients (22-68 years) with chronic generalized periodontitis of different severity and 223 with fulminant severe periodontitis were observed. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of Metrogil-denta depended on the severity of periodontal involvement and metronidasole concentration in the drug. The maximum bacteriostatic effect was observed at 20-25% and the maximum bactericidal effect at 25% concentration of metronidasole in the preparation irrespective of periodontitis severity.

The relationship between GABA-containing cells and the cholinergic circuitry in the rabbit retina.

As a part of ongoing efforts to understand the cholinergic circuitry in the mammalian retina, we studied the coexpression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1), or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina. Double-label experiments with monoclonal antibody 210 (mAb 210) against nAChRs and antibodies against GABA revealed that several populations of GABA-containing amacrine, displaced amacrine, and ganglion cells displayed nAChR immunoreactivity. Some of them also exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity and were identified as the cholinoceptive starburst cells. Other GABAergic amacrine cells positive for mAb 210 were not cholinergic. Simultaneous visualization of mAb 210 and GAT-1 immunoreactivity revealed that 10% of GAT-1 immunoreactive amacrine cells contained nAChRs. Ninety-nine percent of the GAT-1 labeled cells demonstrated GABA immunoreactivity, but only 75% of the GABAergic cells were outlined by GAT-1 staining. Neither population of starburst cells exhibited GAT-1 immunoreactivity. Thus, mAb 210 expressing, GAT-1 positive cells in the rabbit retina constitute a noncholinergic subset of GABAergic amacrine cells. Taken together, our results suggest that some GABAergic amacrine cells are cholinoceptive, raising the possibility that ACh, acting through nAChRs, can modulate the release of GABA in the rabbit retina.