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INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which is increasing its prevalence among teenagers recently. The trigger-related factors are numerous, including environmental factors, genetic, food among others. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the prevalence of asthma symptoms and possible risk factors in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study conducted in 104 adolescents aged between 13 to 14 years old of both sexes from four educational institutions: three private and one public. Participants answered two questionnaires: one on risk factors for allergic diseases (EISL) and the other on asthma symptoms (ISAAC asthma module). RESULTS: 104 adolescents answered the questionnaire: 54.8% girls and 45.2% boys. Male subjects had the most active asthma (64%) than female (20%) (p = 0.01) and also had more physician-diagnosed asthma (34.4%) than girls (6.1%) (p = 0.04), more wheezing after exercise (34.4%; 12.1%) (p = 0.03). Regarding the association between the symptoms and the risk factors we observed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of wheezing and hospitalization for public schools girls (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms in males than in females unlike other studies was observed.
INTRODUÇÃO: A asma é a doença crônica das vias aéreas que vem apresentando um aumento na sua prevalência entre os adolescentes nas últimas décadas. Os fatores relacionados com o seu desencadeamento são inúmeros, passando por fatores ambientais, genéticos, alimentares dentre outros. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência dos sintomas da asma e possíveis fatores de risco associados em adolescentes. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo realizado em 104 adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, de quatro instituições de ensino: três privadas e uma pública. Os participantes responderam a dois questionários: um sobre os fatores de risco para doenças alérgicas e o outro sobre os sintomas da asma (ISAAC módulo asma). RESULTADOS: Responderam ao questionário 104 adolescentes: 54,8% meninas e 45,2% meninos. Os voluntários do sexo masculino apresentaram mais asma ativa (64,%) que as voluntárias (20%) (p = 0,01) e também tiveram mais asma diagnosticada (34,4%) do que as voluntárias (6,1%) (p = 0,04), além de mais chiado no peito após exercício (34,4%; 12,1%) (p = 0,03). Com relação à associação entre os sintomas e os fatores de riscos observou-se uma relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de sibilos e hospitalizações para as meninas de escolas públicas (p=0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Houve maior frequência de adolescentes do sexo masculino com asma ativa, asma diagnostica e sibilos após exercício físico. Por outro lado, as meninas da escola pública apresentaram um maior risco de hospitalização na presença de sibilos. Os demais fatores de riscos não apresentaram associações estatisticamente significantes com os sintomas da asma.
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This report describes a rare case of ophthalmic dirofilariasis in a 68-year-old woman with red and foreign body sensation in the pterygium on her right eye. Slit lamp examination demonstrated a long-slender worm moving in her pterygium. The worm was removed surgically and then identified as Diroflaria repens by sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene. The situation of dirofilariasis in Vietnam has been reviewed. Since the first described case in 2010 there have been thirteen cases reported that suggested the emerging trend of the disease. Most of the documented cases of human dirofilariasis recorded in Vietnam presented with ocular infections and the responsible agent was D. repens. With the increase of reported cases of human, much more attention should be paid on control as well as diagnosis and treatment of dirofilariasis in Vietnam.
RESUMO
@#This report describes a rare case of ophthalmic dirofilariasis in a 68-year-old woman with red and foreign body sensation in the pterygium on her right eye. Slit lamp examination demonstrated a long-slender worm moving in her pterygium. The worm was removed surgically and then identified as Diroflaria repens by sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene. The situation of dirofilariasis in Vietnam has been reviewed. Since the first described case in 2010 there have been thirteen cases reported that suggested the emerging trend of the disease. Most of the documented cases of human dirofilariasis recorded in Vietnam presented with ocular infections and the responsible agent was D. repens. With the increase of reported cases of human, much more attention should be paid on control as well as diagnosis and treatment of dirofilariasis in Vietnam.