[Role of forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry in solving the problem of organized crime]. / Ucast' súdneho lekárstva a forenznej psychológie na riesení problematiky organizovaného zlocinu.

Term--organized crime is not satisfactorily defined todate neither in forensic sciences, nor in lexical formulations. It is necessary to come to grips with the criminalistic and social pathological meaning of three terms--individual crime, grouped and organized crime as well as participation of forensic sciences including forensic medicine on solving problems of organized crime. Forensic medicine and forensic psychology can help to solve this acute problem of present development of social life. It can help in criminalistic expertize and insider activity in profiliation of perpetrators and victims. Mainly it will be about searching and improving of methodical approaches in solving of incriminated cases and its analysis for investigative organs and courts. Important asset in this problem must be also preventive portion in preclusion of criminality.

[Views of forensic medicine and criminology on the pathodynamics of homicide]. / Súdnolekársky a kriminologický pohl'ad na patodynamiku vrazdy.

Trauma and violence represent the domains of forensic medical expertise. The objective finding on the victim of the homicide makes it possible to reconstruct the way and mechanism of the injury connected with it and thus to determine the cause of death. The traces of violence contain many indices pointing at specific personal characteristics of the culprit, his motivation to the crime and his state of mind at the time of the homicide. To judge the penal responsibility and the guilt of the culprit it is important for the court to have the analysis of the dynamics and of the causal background of the crime, especially the synthetic evaluation of subjective, situation, or eventually psychological factors of violence with the mortal effect. The interdisciplinary forensic-medical, forensic-psychological and psychophytological approach will make it possible to provide the court with a complex forensic expertise.

[Ongoing problems of road signs in transportation control]. / Staronová problematika dopravného znacenia v cestnej premávke.

The diagnosis and evaluation of causes of traffic accidents frequently calls for effective mutual collaboration of forensic medical officers and transport psychologists. Both scientific disciplines participate in prevention of traffic injuries as regards theoretical arguments and practical provisions. The Bratislava Institute of Forensic Medicine, based on many years of professional and practical experience, participates in the elaboration of principles of risk-free transport of urban and non-urban traffic as well as in preventive provisions and suggestions for conditions of traffic the field. Due to social and economic changes they will be faced in future with more complicated traffic problems/safety of pedestrians--children, old people. In transport man adapts, due to biological laws, with greater difficulties to technical signs of controlled traffic which assumes rapid, immediate and inevitable reactions. Transport safety cannot be resolved unless within prevention a radical solution will be found for the risk of alcoholism, toxicomania, ever increasing speed of vehicles and greater traffic density.

[Delinquency in the sniffing-type of toxicomaniacs]. / Delikvencia u toxikomanov sniffingového typu.

The present investigation has been based on the study of 33 toxicomaniacs (average age 18 yrs 3 mos) who had committed a total of 156 delicts. A high percentage of injury to the central nervous system in infancy (84.8%) and disharmony of family and social environment (81.8% of cases), can be regarded as partially responsible for the low education of the whole group (45.55% of toxicomanics had not completed their basic education, only 18,2% were skilled workmen but also for the affinity to delinquency and toxicomany. The authors recognize two types of delinquency in toxicomaniacs. In the case of so-called purposive delinquency delicts are usually not committed under a direct influence of psychotropic drugs. The purpose is to obtain a new dose of the relevant drug, and the delicts include, e.g. breaking in drug-stores, stealing and falsification of medical prescriptions etc. Non-purposive delinquency of toxicomaniacs includes arson, affray, group delicts, agressive violence etc. Such delicts are committed under the direct influence of psychotropic drugs with the motivation of "harsh play" when the transpassers do not care the consequences of their delict.

[Forensic-psychological analysis of attempted suicides in toxicomaniacs]. / Forenzne-psychologický rozbor samovrazedných polusov u toxikomanov.

The authors examined 70 toxicomaniacs incl. 30 who attempted suicide at least one. They analyzed the motivation and causes which made the adolescent attempt suicide. The drastic manner of attempted suicide-cutting veins of the forearm and wrist predominated ans was recored in 56.6%. 83.3% attempted suicide during acute intoxication. Mild cerebral dysfunction was observed in 43.3% of those attempting suicide. Defective behavior was recorded in the case-history of 63.3%. In 80% of those attempting suicide the family and social environment was unfavourable. Dependence on psychotropic drugs for more than one year was found in 80% and polytoxicomania in 90% of the cases. Volatile psychotropic substances cause considerable deterioration of already existing changes of personality of encephalopathic or psychopathic origin; they act probably as "hasteners" or "catalyzers" and thus condition the motivation for suicide. This fact is important in particular for forensic psychology and expert opinions on cases of completed suicide.