RESUMO
Reverse genetics is a technology that allows the production of a virus from its complementary DNA (cDNA). It is a powerful tool for analyzing viral genes, the development of novel vaccines, and gene delivery vectors. The standard reverse genetics protocols are laborious, time-consuming, and inefficient for negative-strand RNA viruses. A new reverse genetics platform was established, which increases the recovery efficiency of the measles virus (MV) in human 293-3-46 cells. The novel features compared with the standard system involving 293-3-46 cells comprise (a) dual promoters containing the RNA polymerase II promoter (CMV) and the bacteriophage T7 promoter placed in uni-direction on the same plasmid to enhance RNA transcription; (b) three G nucleotides added just after the T7 promoter to increase the T7 RNA polymerase activity; and (c) two ribozymes, the hairpin hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz), and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (HDVrz), were used to cleavage the exact termini of the antigenome RNA. Full-length antigenome cDNA of MV of the wild type IC323 strain or the vaccine AIK-C strain was inserted into the plasmid backbone. Both virus strains were easily rescued from their respective cloned cDNA. The rescue efficiency increased up to 80% compared with the use of the standard T7 rescue system. We assume that this system might be helpful in the rescue of other human mononegavirales.
Assuntos
Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Genética Reversa/métodos , Animais , Bacteriófago T7/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , DNA Complementar , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Genoma Viral , Humanos , RNA Viral/genética , Células Vero , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
Cat and dog bites are a common cause of injury in young children. Bergeyella zoohelcum is a rarely reported zoonotic pathogen that is a part of cat and dog oral flora. We present a case of a child with B. zoohelcum abscess and cellulitis after a dog bite and review previously reported cases.
Assuntos
Abscesso/etiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Celulite (Flegmão)/etiologia , Celulite (Flegmão)/patologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/patologia , Flavobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Abscesso/complicações , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso/patologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Celulite (Flegmão)/complicações , Celulite (Flegmão)/tratamento farmacológico , Cães , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective. To evaluate the effects of albuterol use in young infants admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis with regards to length of time on supplemental oxygen and length of stay (LOS). To consider the possibility that albuterol use may increase the need for supplemental oxygen and increase LOS. Design, Setting, and Participants. Full-term infants between the ages of 11 days and 90 days (N = 316) were included in this retrospective study. Infants included were hospitalized with a diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis at a university-affiliated children's hospital. Results. In 4 of 5 severity groups, patients who received albuterol required more time on supplemental oxygen and had longer LOS. The differences only reached statistical significance in one of the severity groups in regards to LOS. Conclusions. The use of albuterol does not appear to be useful in the treatment of young infants with RSV bronchiolitis and may actually be harmful, in regards to increased supplemental oxygen need.
