[IPSILATERAL SYNCHRONOUS FUMARATE HYDRATASE-DEFICIENT RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AND MULTILOCULAR CYSTIC RENAL NEOPLASM OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW].

A 75-year-old man was being followed up at a nearby clinic for hypertension and chronic renal failure. The patient was referred to our department as abdominal ultrasound revealed a left renal tumor. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed a 50 mm complex renal cyst in the upper pole of the left kidney. Plain magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic mass with numerous septa. Partial thickening of the septa was suspected, and the lesion was classified as Bosniak IIF or III. As the patient had renal dysfunction, regular imaging study of the tumor lesion was performed to determine the timing of surgery. In the following year, plain CT revealed a new renal tumor 20 mm in diameter located lateral to the known tumor, with the mass having a tendency to increase. The patient underwent a laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy after the introduction of hemodialysis. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor located in the medial upper pole of the left kidney was a multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential and that the new tumor located lateral to the known tumor was fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma. Simultaneous occurrence of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma and multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential in the ipsilateral kidney is extremely rare. We report our case with a review of the literature.

A pilot study of a plantar sensory evaluation system for early screening of diabetic neuropathy in a weight-bearing position.

The purpose of this study is to develop smart equipment to quantify plantar tactile sensibility for the early diagnosis and tracking of peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus. In this paper, we offer a new testing system that is composed of a plantar tactile stimulation platform with a small moving contactor to stretch the skin tangentially, a response switch for each tactile stimulus, a motor control box, and a personal computer (PC) for psychophysical data processing. This quantitative sensory testing system has detailed measurements available and is easy to use compared with the conventional testing devices, such as von Frey monofilaments, pin-prick testing devices, and current perception threshold testers. When using our testing system in a weight-bearing position, we observed that the plantar tactile thresholds for the tangential stretching stimulus on the plantar surface of the foot ranged from approximately 10 um to 30 um for healthy subjects. However, the threshold for a subject with diabetes was nearly three times higher than that for healthy subjects. The significant difference between these values suggests that the plantar sensory evaluation system using the lateral skin stretch stimulation can be used for early diagnosis, for the accurate staging of diabetic neuropathy, and for evaluating its progression noninvasively in a clinic and at home.