Phylogenetic Analysis and Characterization of Odorous Compound-Producing Actinomycetes in Sediments in the Sanbe Reservoir, A Drinking Water Reservoir in Japan.

Odor caused by the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in aquatic ecosystems leads to considerable economic loss worldwide. The odorous compounds are primarily produced by cyanobacteria and actinomycetes. While the contribution of odorous compounds-producing cyanobacteria has been thoroughly investigated, the production of geosmin and 2-MIB by actinomycetes in aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood. In this study, we isolated geosmin and/or 2-MIB-producing actinomycetes in sediments collected from the Sanbe Reservoir, Japan, identified the biosynthetic gene of geosmin and 2-MIB, and investigated the production of the odorous compounds by the isolated strains. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA and the biosynthetic genes was determined to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among the strains. The geosmin and 2-MIB concentrations in the culture of the isolated strains were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Fifty-four strains of odorous compounds-producing and non-geosmin-producing actinomycetes were isolated from sediments from the Sanbe Reservoir. Diverse actinomycetes were identified and many of them produced geosmin and/or 2-MIB. Many odorous compounds-producing actinomycetes were phylogenetically different from previously reported producing actinomycetes. The producing ability of the odorous compounds of the isolated strains in this study was not significantly related with the phylogenetic groups of 16S rRNA and the biosynthetic genes. The findings suggest that the odorous compounds-producing actinomycetes in the sediments are diverse and different from previously reported strains.

New materials based on renewable resources: chemically modified expanded corn starches as catalysts for liquid phase organic reactions.

Catalytically active chemically modified expanded corn starches have been developed with site loadings and activities comparable or superior to traditional materials.