RESUMO
The P body protein LSm1 stimulates translation and replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). As the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) is required for HCV replication and is associated with P bodies, we investigated whether regulation of HCV by LSm1 involves miR-122. Here, we demonstrate that LSm1 contributes to activation of HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven translation by miR-122. This role for LSm1 is specialized for miR-122 translation activation, as LSm1 depletion does not affect the repressive function of miR-122 at 3' untranslated region (UTR) sites, or miR-122-mediated cleavage at a perfectly complementary site. We find that LSm1 does not influence recruitment of the microRNA (miRNA)-induced silencing complex to the HCV 5'UTR, implying that it regulates miR-122 function subsequent to target binding. In contrast to the interplay between miR-122 and LSm1 in translation, we find that LSm1 is not required for miR-122 to stimulate HCV replication, suggesting that miR-122 regulation of HCV translation and replication have different requirements. For the first time, we have identified a protein factor that specifically contributes to activation of HCV IRES-driven translation by miR-122, but not to other activities of the miRNA. Our results enhance understanding of the mechanisms by which miR-122 and LSm1 regulate HCV.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/fisiologia , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Linhagem Celular , Hepacivirus/fisiologia , Humanos , Complexo de Inativação Induzido por RNA/metabolismo , Replicação ViralRESUMO
The human BTG/TOB protein family comprises six members (BTG1, BTG2/PC3/Tis21, BTG3/Ana, BTG4/PC3B, TOB1/Tob, and TOB2) that are characterised by a conserved BTG domain. This domain mediates interactions with the highly similar Caf1a (CNOT7) and Caf1b (CNOT8) catalytic subunits of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase complex. BTG/TOB proteins have anti-proliferative activity: knockdown of BTG/TOB can result in increased cell proliferation, whereas over-expression of BTG/TOB leads to inhibition of cell cycle progression. It was unclear whether the interaction between BTG/TOB proteins and the Caf1a/Caf1b deadenylases is necessary for the anti-proliferative activity of BTG/TOB. To address this question, we further characterised surface-exposed amino acid residues of BTG2 and TOB1 that mediate the interaction with the Caf1a and Caf1b deadenylase enzymes. We then analysed the role of BTG2 and TOB1 in the regulation of cell proliferation, translation and mRNA abundance using a mutant that is no longer able to interact with the Caf1a/Caf1b deadenylases. We conclude that the anti-proliferative activity of BTG/TOB proteins is mediated through interactions with the Caf1a and Caf1b deadenylase enzymes. Furthermore, we show that the activity of BTG/TOB proteins in the regulation of mRNA abundance and translation is dependent on Caf1a/Caf1b, and does not appear to require other Ccr4-Not components, including the Ccr4a (CNOT6)/Ccr4b (CNOT6L) deadenylases, or the non-catalytic subunits CNOT1 or CNOT3.
Assuntos
Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Motivos de Aminoácidos/genética , Ciclo Celular/genética , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Exorribonucleases , Imunofluorescência , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/genética , Imunoprecipitação , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Mutagênese , Plasmídeos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Proteínas Repressoras , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-HíbridoRESUMO
The Ccr4-Not complex is one of the major deadenylase factors present in eukaryotic cells. This multi-subunit protein complex is composed of at least seven stably associated subunits in mammalian cells including two enzymatic deadenylase subunits: one DEDD (Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp)-type deadenylase (either CNOT7/human Caf1/Caf1a or CNOT8/human Pop2/Caf1b/Calif) and one EEP (endonuclease-exonuclease-phosphatase)-type enzyme (either CNOT6/human Ccr4/Ccr4a or CNOT6L/human Ccr4-like/Ccr4b). Here, the role of the human Ccr4-Not complex in cytoplasmic deadenylation of mRNA is discussed, including the mechanism of its recruitment to mRNA and the role of the BTG/Tob proteins.
Assuntos
Citoplasma/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Animais , Humanos , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA/genética , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA/fisiologia , Receptores CCR4 , Ribonucleases/metabolismoRESUMO
A key step in cytoplasmic mRNA degradation is the shortening of the poly(A) tail, which involves several deadenylase enzymes. Relatively little is known about the importance of these enzymes for the cellular physiology. Here we focused on the role of the highly similar Ccr4a (CNOT6) and Ccr4b (CNOT6L) deadenylase subunits of the Ccr4-Not complex. In addition to a role in cell proliferation, Ccr4a and Ccr4b play a role in cell survival, in contrast to the Caf1a (CNOT7) and Caf1b (CNOT8) deadenylase subunits or the CNOT1 and CNOT3 noncatalytic subunits of the Ccr4-Not complex. Underscoring the differential contributions of the deadenylase subunits, we found that knockdown of Caf1a/Caf1b or Ccr4a/Ccr4b differentially affects the formation of cytoplasmic foci by processing-body components. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the amino-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Ccr4b influenced its subcellular localization but was not required for the deadenylase activity of Ccr4b. Moreover, overexpression of Ccr4b lacking the LRR domain interfered with cell cycle progression but not with cell viability. Finally, gene expression profiling indicated that distinct gene sets are regulated by Caf1a/Caf1b and Ccr4a/Ccr4b and identified Ccr4a/Ccr4b as a key regulator of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5, which mediates cell cycle arrest and senescence via a p53-dependent pathway.
