The Visceral Adiposity Index Is a Better Predictor of Excess Visceral Fat in Military Pilots: A Cross-sectional Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to cardiometabolic risk. Estimating it using the visceral adiposity index (VAI) could identify this risk in the Brazilian Air Force (BAF) aviator population. The aim here is to verify the predictive capacity of the VAI for identifying visceral fat areas compared to traditional obesity indicators in BAF pilots. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male BAF pilots were recruited. The study was conducted in two stages: the first applied a structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and identify sedentary behavior and the second obtained nutritional, anthropometric, and body composition data, carrying out biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging tests and investigating physical activity level in this stage. The comparison of the predictive capacity of the VAI with that of other adiposity indicators (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, and neck circumference) for detecting increased VAT and the determination of the optimal cutoff points for the different adiposity indicators were carried out using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves. An association was verified between the adiposity indicators and excess visceral fat using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: The VAI presented a better predictive capacity for VAT (area under the ROC curve = 0.941), while the BMI did not present diagnostic accuracy (95% CI < 0.5). The strength of the association with high visceral fat was also greater for the VAI than for the other indicators evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The VAI was shown to be a better predictor of excess VAT in relation to the other indicators studied. As it is a more easy-access and lower-cost technique than resonance, it enables greater applicability in tracing and monitoring the visceral obesity of a large contingent of military personnel.

Performance analysis of women over 55 years on abdominaltests: impact of anthropometry and flexibility

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometric variables and flexibility on the performance of women aged 55+ years on abdominal test protocols. The sample was composed by 20 physically active volunteers, aged 55 years (median 61), who were participants in gymnastic activities program. Each volunteer performed two abdominal tests: partial trunk flexion with a 7.6 cm sliding of the hands (P1) and partial flexion of the trunk with the hands on the thighs (P2), both executed with the feet resting on the ground. For analysis, the number of correct executions (final position) was considered in each test, as recommended by the authors. Measurements of body mass, flexibility, height, waist and hip perimeters, subjective perception of exertion, and calculations of body mass index and waist-hip ratio were performed. The perception of abdominal effort, and discomfort or pain in the cervical and lumbar region were also evaluated. The results showed that there were no statistically significant associations between the analyzed indicators (Age: P1: rs = -0.024, p = 0.916; P2: rs = -0.194, p = 0.407; BMI: P1: rs =-0.064, p = 0.792; P2: rs = -0.235, p= 0.327; Waist Circumference: P1: rs = -0.143, p = 0.563; P2: rs = 0.027, p = 0.908; Flexibility: r s= -0.327, p = 0.169; P2: rs = 0.0009, p = 0.991; Hip waist ratio: P1: rs = -0.209, p = 0.371; P2: rs = 0.217, p = 0.353) and the performance on the tests. In addition, 35% of the participants made valid attempts on P1 while 45% produced at least one valid attempt on P2. It was concluded that both abdominal tests were adequate for the studied sample and they can be applied to adult and elderly women to assess their abdominal musculature.(AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de las variables las antropométricas y la flexibilidad sobre el desempeño de mujeres mayores de 55 años en protocolos de testes abdominales. La muestra, seleccionada por criterio de accesibilidad, estuvo formada por 20 voluntarias físicamente activas, mayores de 55 años (mediana 61), que participaban en actividades gimnásticas para personas mayores. Cada voluntaria realizó dos pruebas abdominales: flexión parcial del tronco con deslizamiento de las manos de 7,6 cm (P1) y flexión parcial del tronco con las manos en los muslos (P2), ambas ejecutadas con los pies apoyados en el suelo. Para el análisis, se consideró el número de ejecuciones correctas (posición final) en cada prueba, según lo recomendado por los autores. Se realizaron mediciones de masa corporal, flexibilidad, altura, perímetro de cintura y cadera, percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y cálculos del índice de masa corporal y la relación cintura-cadera. También se evaluó la percepción de esfuerzo abdominal y de malestar o dolor en la región cervical y lumbar. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las variables analizadas (Edad: P1: rs = -0,024, p = 0,916; P2: rs = -0,194, p = 0,407; IMC: P1: rs =-0,064, p = 0,792; P2: rs = -0,235, p = 0,327; Perímetro de cintura: P1: rs = -0,143, p = 0,563; P2: rs = 0,027, p = 0,908; Flexibilidad: rs = -0,327, p = 0,169; P2: rs = 0,0009, p = 0,991; Relación cintura/cadera: P1: rs = -0,209, p = 0,371; P2: rs = 0,217, p = 0,353) y el desempeño en las pruebas, y el 35% de las participantes hicieron intentos válidos en P1 mientras que el 45% produjo al menos un intento válido en P2. Se concluyó que ambas pruebas abdominales fueron adecuadas para la muestra estudiada y se pueden aplicar a mujeres adultas y mayores para evaluar su musculatura abdominal.(AU)

PREVALÊNCIA DE DIABETES MELLITUS E PRÁTICA DE EXERCÍCIO EM INDIVÍDUOS QUE PROCURARAM ATENDIMENTO NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE VIÇOSA/MG / PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND EXERCISE PRACTICE IN INDIVIDUALS WHO SOUGHT CARE AT THE FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY OF VIÇOSA/MG

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus (DM) em indivíduos que procuraram atendimento na ESF, assim como, a prática de exercícios físicos entre os pacientes diagnosticados com DM, de acordo com sexo e faixa etária. Avaliaram-se informações sobre DM e prática de exercício de 11392 usuários atendidos por quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Viçosa/MG, por meio das Fichas b-diabetes. O tratamento estatístico constou da análise descritiva e cálculo da razão de chance. Os resultados apontam que prevalência de DM foi de 3,8% (3,1% para homens e 4,5% para mulheres), tendo as mulheres maior chance de DM (OR=1,48; 1,21-1,81). 22% dos avaliados referiram haver praticado exercícios físicos no mínimo três vezes por semana, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Concluiu-se que houve baixa prevalência de prática de exercícios físicos entre as pessoas com diabetes avaliadas, fato que demonstra a necessidade de maior atenção aos mesmos em relação às intervenções não medicamentosas.

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals who sought care in the ESF as well as the practice of physical exercise among patients diagnosed with DM, according to sex and age. As methods we evaluated information on DM and exercise practice of 11392 users served by four Basic Health Units of Viçosa/MG, through the b-Sheets diabetes. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis and calculation of odds ratios. Results shown the prevalence of DM was 3.8% (3.1% for men and 4.5% for women), with women more likely to DM (OR = 1.48, 1.21 to 1.81). 22% of the individuals reported having practiced physical exercises at least three times a week, with no differences between sexes. In conclusion there was a low prevalence of physical exercise in people with diabetes evaluated, a fact that demonstrates the need for greater attention to them in relation to non-drug interventions.

Anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health related physical fitness in university professors / Variáveis antropométricas, cardiovasculares e funcionais como indicadores de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em professores universitários

AbstractObjective To verify the behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health-related physical fitness in university professors and perform a comparison of these variables between sexes.Materials and methods We conducted an observational epidemiological cross-sectional study in 145 professors (45.86 ± 9.7 years), 103 men (71.03%), which were evaluated by measuring heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure at rest, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We proceeded to the descriptive analysis, Student t-test for comparison between sexes and multiple regression analysis to verify the association between the variables analyzed. It was adopted a significance level of p < 0.05.Results The sex affected all variables. Women had better levels of BMI, flexibility, SBP and DBP. The BF% and CRF were associated with SBP and BMI in both sexes.Conclusion The behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables indicated unsatisfactory values for flexibility, HGS and BMI, with the worst levels among men. Furthermore, the variables that showed better association with HRPF were BF% and CRF.

ResumoObjetivo Verificar o comportamento de variáveis antropométricas, cardiovasculares e funcionais como indicadores de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em professores universitários, bem como realizar a comparação dessas variáveis entre os sexos.Materiais e métodos Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional de corte transversal em 145 professores (45,86 ± 9,7 anos), sendo 103 homens (71,03%), que foram avaliados, por meio de medidas de frequência cardíaca (FCR) e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) de repouso, massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), força de preensão manual (FPM), flexibilidade e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR). Procedeu-se à análise descritiva dos dados, teste t de Student para comparação entre sexos e análise de regressão múltipla para verificar a associação entre as variáveis analisadas. Adotou-se nível de significância de p < 0,05.Resultados O sexo influenciou todas as variáveis. As mulheres apresentaram níveis melhores de IMC, flexibilidade, PAS e PAD. O %GC e a ACR associaram-se à PAS e ao IMC em ambos os sexos.Conclusão O comportamento de variáveis antropométricas, cardiovasculares e funcionais indicou valores insatisfatórios para flexibilidade, FPM e IMC, com níveis piores nos homens. Além disso, as variáveis que melhor se associaram à AFRS foram o %GC e a ACR.

BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE WOMEN AFTER AEROBICS AND HYDROGYMNASTICS SESSIONS.

INTRODUCTION: regular exercise has been recommended as an important behavior in controlling blood pressure. In recent years it has been demonstrated that a single session of exercise can lower blood pressure levels compared to pre-exercise period, becoming an effective non-pharmacological therapy for the treatment of hypertension. OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of blood pressure in post-exercise period of controlled hypertension women after an aerobics session and a hydrogymnastics session. METHODS: twelve elderly (65 ± 3.6 years) who practice regular physical activity for at least two months had their levels of blood pressure measured during 60 minutes after the end of each session. Blood pressure was measured every five minutes after the end of each session until the twentieth minute of recovery. Following, blood pressure was measured every ten minutes. T-student test was used to compare mean and the level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: the mean values of hypotension found during the recovery period after the hydrogymnastics session were not significantly different when compared to blood pressure levels of the pre-exercise period (p = 0.260). However, the result of the same comparison for the aerobics session was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The lowest values of systolic blood pressure reached in the recovery period for hydrogymnastics (120 mmHg) and aerobics (106 mmHg) were significantly different (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: the aerobics session showed to be more effective in reducing post-exercise blood pressure compared to the hydrogymnastics. After practice aerobics, the participants presented lower blood pressure levels and longer duration of the hypotensive effect.

Introducción: la práctica regular de ejercicios ha sido recomendada como conducta importante en el control de la presión arterial. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que una sola sesión de ejercicio físico puede disminuir la presión arterial comparada a los niveles del periodo pre-ejercicio, convirtiéndose en una terapia no farmacológica efectiva para el tratamiento de la hipertensión. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de la presión arterial post-ejercicio en mujeres hipertensas controladas tras la realización de una sesión de gimnasia acuática y una sesión de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: participaron en el estudio 12 mujeres mayores con edad de 65 ± 3.6 años y practicantes de actividad física por un periodo superior a dos meses. La presión arterial fue medida durante 60 minutos tras el final de cada clase. Este procedimiento fue realizado cada 5 minutos tras el esfuerzo hasta el vigésimo minuto de la recuperación, seguido de mediciones cada 10 minutos hasta el sexagésimo minuto. Fue utilizado el test T-Student para la comparación de los promedios y fue adoptado un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: los promedios de hipotensión encontrados durante la recuperación tras la clase de gimnasia acuática no fueron significativamente diferentes comparados con los promedios obtenidos en el pre-ejercicio (p = 0,260). Sin embargo, en la sesión de gimnasia aeróbica la diferencia entre esos valores fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Los menores valores de presión arterial sistólica alcanzados en la recuperación para gimnasia acuática (120 mmHg) y gimnasia aeróbica (106 mmHg) también fueron significativamente diferentes (p < 0,001). Conclusión: la gimnasia aeróbica se mostró más eficiente para la reducción de la presión arterial post-ejercicio con respecto a la gimnasia acuática, presentando menores valores y mayor duración del efecto hipotensor.

Blood pressure in hypertensive women after aerobics and hydrogymnastics sessions / Presión arterial en mujeres hipertensas tras sesiones de gimnasia aeróbica y acuática

Introduction: regular exercise has been recommended as an important behavior in controlling blood pressure. In recent years it has been demonstrated that a single session of exercise can lower blood pressure levels compared to pre-exercise period, becoming an effective non-pharmacological therapy for the treatment of hypertension. Objective: the purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of blood pressure in post-exercise period of controlled hypertension women after an aerobics session and a hydrogymnastics session. Methods: twelve elderly (65±3.6 years) who practice regular physical activity for at least two months had their levels of blood pressure measured during 60 minutes after the end of each session. Blood pressure was measured every five minutes after the end of each session until the twentieth minute of recovery. Following, blood pressure was measured every ten minutes. T-student test was used to compare mean and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the mean values of hypotension found during the recovery period after the hydrogymnastics session were not significantly different when compared to blood pressure levels of the pre-exercise period (p=0.260). However, the result of the same comparison for the aerobics session was statistically significant (p<0.001). The lowest values of systolic blood pressure reached in the recovery period for hydrogymnastics (120 mmHg) and aerobics (106 mmHg) were significantly different (p0.001). Conclusions: the aerobics session showed to be more effective in reducing post-exercise blood pressure compared to the hydrogymnastics. After practice aerobics, the participants presented lower blood pressure levels and longer duration of the hypotensive effect (AU)

Introducción: la práctica regular de ejercicios ha sido recomendada como conducta importante en el control de la presión arterial. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que una sola sesión de ejercicio físico puede disminuir la presión arterial comparada a los niveles del periodo pre-ejercicio, convirtiéndose en una terapia no farmacológica efectiva para el tratamiento de la hipertensión. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de la presión arterial post-ejercicio en mujeres hipertensas controladas tras la realización de una sesión de gimnasia acuática y una sesión de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: participaron en el estudio 12 mujeres mayores con edad de 65±3.6 años y practicantes de actividad física por un periodo superior a dos meses. La presión arterial fue medida durante 60 minutos tras el final de cada clase. Este procedimiento fue realizado cada 5 minutos tras el esfuerzo hasta el vigésimo minuto de la recuperación, seguido de mediciones cada 10 minutos hasta el sexagésimo minuto. Fue utilizado el test T-Student para la comparación de los promedios y fue adoptado un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: los promedios de hipotensión encontrados durante la recuperación tras la clase de gimnasia acuática no fueron significativamente diferentes comparados con los promedios obtenidos en el pre-ejercicio (p=0,260). Sin embargo, en la sesión de gimnasia aeróbica la diferencia entre esos valores fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). Los menores valores de presión arterial sistólica alcanzados en la recuperación para gimnasia acuática (120 mmHg) y gimnasia aeróbica (106 mmHg) también fueron significativamente diferentes (p<0,001). Conclusión: la gimnasia aeróbica se mostró más eficiente para la reducción de la presión arterial post-ejercicio con respecto a la gimnasia acuática, presentando menores valores y mayor duración del efecto hipotensor (AU)

Mudanças no desenvolvimento temporal da força em mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias / Changes in temporal development of the force in different age groups of women / Cambios en el desarrollo temporal de la fuerza en mujeres de diferentes grupos de edad

INTRODUÇÃO: redução na força e na velocidade da contração muscular são duas das maiores causas de debilidade funcional em idosos. OBJETIVO: analisar as mudanças relacionadas à idade no desenvolvimento temporal da força de preensão manual e dos extensores do joelho em mulheres. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 52 mulheres subdivididas em três grupos (JO. n=24, 25,2±3,7 anos; MI. n=13, 58±4,2 anos; ID. n=15, 71,3±3,9 anos). Os testes realizados foram o de preensão manual e o de extensão do joelho. Foram executadas três tentativas de esforço isométrico máximo em cada teste, e a curva com o valor máximo de força foi selecionada para análise por meio de um algoritmo desenvolvido em linguagem Matlab(r). A massa livre de gordura (MLG) foi avaliada por meio da absortometria radiológica de dupla energia. RESULTADOS: foram observados entre os grupos valores semelhantes de força (p=0,831) e MLG do membro superior (p=0,207). A taxa de desenvolvimento da força (TDF) foi menor nos intervalos iniciais da contração muscular (0-50 e 0-100ms) nos grupos MI (p=0,005 e p=0,000, para 50ms e 100ms, respectivamente) e ID (p=0,003 e p=0,000, para 50ms e 100ms, respectivamente). A MLG e a força do membro inferior foram menores nos grupos MI (p=0,006, p=0,014, respectivamente) e ID (p<0,000, p=0,000, respectivamente) em comparação ao JO. Já a TDF dos extensores do joelho foi semelhante no grupo MI (p>0,05), porém, menor no grupo ID (p<0,05) em comparação ao JO, em todos os intervalos analisados. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os grupos musculares dos membros superiores e inferiores possam ser afetados em diferentes magnitudes pelo envelhecimento. As diferenças entre os membros podem estar relacionadas à quantidade e qualidade das atividades físicas realizadas. .

INTRODUCTION: reduction in strength and reduction in speed of muscle contraction are the two major causes of functional impairment in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: to examine age-related changes in the temporal development of the force of the handgrip and knee extensors in women. METHODS: the sample consisted of 52 women subdivided in three groups (JO. n=24, 25.2±3.7 years; MI. n=13, 58±4.2 years; ID. n=15, 71.3±3.9 years). Tests of handgrip and knee extension were performed. Three attempts of maximum isometric effort were performed in each test, and the curve with the maximum strength value was selected for analysis by means of an algorithm developed using MATLAB(r). The fat free mass (FFM) was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: we observed similar values in strength (p=0.831) and FFM (p=0.207) of the upper limb. The rate of the force development (RFD) was lower in the initial periods of muscle contraction (0-50 and 0-100ms) in the MI group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.000 for 50ms and 100ms, respectively) and ID (p = 0.003 p = 0.000 for 50ms and 100ms, respectively). The FFM and lower limb strength were lower in the MI group (p=0.006, p =0.014, respectively) and ID (p<0.000, p=0.000, respectively) compared to the JO. Already, the RFD of the knee extensors was similar in the MI group (p>0.05), but lower in the ID group (p<0.05) compared to the JO in all analyzed intervals. CONCLUSION: the results of this study demonstrate that the muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs are affected in different magnitudes by the aging process. The differences between limbs may be related to the quantity and quality of physical activities. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: reducción en la fuerza y en la velocidad de la contracción muscular son dos de las mayores causas de debilidad funcional en ancianos. OBJETIVO: analizar los cambios relacionados a la edad en el desarrollo temporal de la fuerza de aprehensión manual y de los extensores de la rodilla en mujeres. MÉTODOS: la muestra fue constituida por 52 mujeres subdivididas en tres grupos (JO. n=24, 25,2±3,7 años; MI. n=13, 58±4,2 años; ID. n=15, 71,3±3,9 años). Los tests realizados fueron el de aprehensión manual y el de extensión de la rodilla. Fueron ejecutadas tres tentativas de esfuerzo isométrico máximo en cada test, y la curva con el valor máximo de fuerza fue seleccionada para análisis por medio de un algoritmo desarrollado en lenguaje Matlab(r). La masa libre de grasa (MLG) fue evaluada por medio de la absortometría radiológica de doble energía. RESULTADOS: fueron observados entre los grupos valores semejantes de fuerza (p=0,831) y MLG del miembro superior (p=0,207). La tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza (TDF) fue menor en los intervalos iniciales de la contracción muscular (0-50 y 0-100ms) en los grupos MI (p=0,005 y p=0,000, para 50ms y 100ms, respectivamente) e ID (p=0,003 y p=0,000, para 50ms y 100ms, respectivamente). La MLG y fuerza del miembro inferior fue menor en los grupos MI (p=0,006, p=0,014, respectivamente) e ID (p<0,000, p=0,000, respectivamente) en comparación al JO. Ya la TDF de los extensores de la rodilla fue semejante en el grupo MI (p>0,05), aunque menor en el grupo ID (p<0,05) en comparación al JO, en todos los intervalos analizados. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los grupos musculares de los miembros superiores e inferiores puedan ser afectados en diferentes magnitudes por el envejecimiento. Las diferencias entre los miembros pueden estar relacionadas a la cantidad y calidad de las actividades físicas realizadas. .

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in professors from a public university.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among professors of a public university. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 145 professors from the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), MG, Brazil, in 2010. Analyzed variables included age, weight, height, waist, hip and abdominal circumferences, in addition to total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. RESULTS: A total of 71% were men, the average age of the men was higher than that of the women (46.9 versus 43.2 years old); half of the participants were overweight (46.9% were overweight and 9.0% were obese). Other factors were: 17.2% presented a waist-hip ratio at risk; 46.9% had greater than normal abdominal circumference; 4.0% presented high total cholesterol, 20.2% high triglycerides, 4.8% of the individuals presented abnormal glucose metabolism; and 16.6% were hypertensive. In comparison with men, women presented lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal, hip and waist circumferences. There was a trend of increased waist/hip and abdominal circumferences, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure as individuals aged. CONCLUSION: The college professors addressed in this study present important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Hence, prevention and control measures need to be implemented in order to reduce the problem, a process in which nursing professionals play a key role in the achievement of success.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in professors from a public university / Factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en profesores de una universidad pública / Fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em professores de uma universidade pública

Objective. To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among professors of a public university. Methodology. This cross-sectional study included 145 professors from the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), MG, Brazil, in 2010. Analyzed variables included age, weight, height, waist, hip and abdominal circumferences, in addition to total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results. A total of 71% were men, the average age of the men was higher than that of the women (46.9 versus 43.2 years old); half of the participants were overweight (46.9% were overweight and 9.0% were obese). Other factors were: 17.2% presented a waist-hip ratio at risk; 46.9% had greater than normal abdominal circumference; 4.0% presented high total cholesterol, 20.2% high triglycerides, 4.8% of the individuals presented abnormal glucose metabolism; and 16.6% were hypertensive. In comparison with men, women presented lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal, hip and waist circumferences. There was a trend of increased waist/hip and abdominal circumferences, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure as individuals aged. Conclusion. The college professors addressed in this study present important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Hence, prevention and control measures need to be implemented in order to reduce the problem, a process in which nursing professionals play a key role in the achievement of success.

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en profesores de una universidad pública. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 145 profesores de la Universidad Federal de Viçosa-MG (UFV), en 2010. Las variables analizas fueron edad, peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, cadera y abdominal, además del colesterol total, triglicéridos, glucosa y tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica en reposo. Resultados. 71%, hombres; la edad promedio de estos fue mayor que la de las mujeres (46.9 versus 43.2 años), uno de cada dos participantes estaba pasado de peso (46.9% sobrepeso y 9.0% obesidad). Otros factores observados fueron: un 17.2% tenía un índice cintura/cadera de riesgo; el 46.9%, alta circunferencia abdominal; el 4.0%, colesterol total alto; el 20.2%, triglicéridos altos; un 4.8%, con metabolismo anormal de glucosa y 16.6% hipertensos. En comparación con los hombres, las mujeres tenían valores más bajos para la presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal y la relación cintura/cadera. Hubo una tendencia al aumento de los valores de las variables de la relación cintura/cadera, circunferencia abdominal, el colesterol total, los triglicéridos y la presión arterial sistólica, con el aumento de edad. Conclusión. Los profesores universitarios participantes en este estudio tienen importantes frecuencias de exposición a factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular. Es necesario implementar medidas de prevención y control para la reducción de esta problemática, en las cuales Enfermería es clave para su éxito.

Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência de fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em professores de uma universidade pública. Metodologia. Estudo de corte transversal. Avaliaram-se 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG (UFV), em 2010. As variáveis analisas foram idade, peso, medida, circunferência de cintura, quadril e abdominal, além do colesterol total, triglicérides, glucose e tensão arterial sistólica e diastólica em repouso. Resultados. 71% eram homens, a idade média das homens foi maior que a das mulheres (46.9 contra 43.2 anos), um de cada dois participante tinha estava passado de importância (46.9% sobrepeso e 9.0% obesidade). Outros fatores observados foram: 17.2% tinha um índice cintura/quadril de risco, 46.9% com alta circunferência abdominal, 4.0% com colesterol total alto, 20.2% de triglicérides altos, um 4.8% com metabolismo anormal de glucose e 16.6% foram hipertensos. Em comparação com os homens, as mulheres tinham valores mais baixos para a pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal e a relação cintura/quadril. Teve uma tendência ao aumento dos valores das variáveis da relação cintura/quadril, circunferência abdominal, o colesterol total, os triglicérides e a pressão arterial sistólica, com o aumento de idade. Conclusão. Os professores universitários deste estudo têm importantes frequências de exposição a fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. É necessário implementar medidas de prevenção e controle para a redução desta problemática, nas quais Enfermagem é importante para seu sucesso.

Prevalence of hypertension in individuals who sought care at the family health strategy in a city of southeastern Brazil / Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em indivíduos que procuraram atendimento na estratégia saúde da família em uma cidade do sudeste do Brasil

This study aimed to verify the prevalence of hypertension among individuals who sought care at the Family Health Strategy (FHS) units, registered in Basic Attention Information System (BAIS), in a city of Southeastern Brazil, classified by gender and age. Were evaluated 12,636 individuals who underwent clinical evaluation in ESF units of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, in the first half of 2011. Data were collected from files registered in BAIS. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis and calculation of odds ratios according to gender, with a confidence interval of 95% (CI95%). The prevalence of hypertension was 13.40%, in men the prevalence was 11.21%, and in women, 15.53%. The odds ratio indicated that women are 1.46 times more likely CI95% (1.27, 1.52) to present hypertension than men. In both sexes, the prevalence of hypertension increases with advancing age, especially in the age groups above 50 years. We conclude that the prevalence of hypertension was below the national average, being higher in women and increases along with advancing age.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em indivíduos que procuraram atendimento na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), cadastrados no Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica (SIAB), de um município do Sudeste do Brasil, segmentados por gênero e por faixa etária. Foram avaliados 12.636 indivíduos que se submeteram à avaliação clínica em unidades de ESF do município de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerias, no primeiro semestre de 2011. Os dados foram coletados das fichas que compõem o cadastrado do SIAB. O tratamento estatístico constou da análise descritiva dos dados e cálculo da razão de chances, segundo gênero, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Encontrou-se prevalência de HAS de 13,40%, e nos homens a prevalência foi de 11,21% e nas mulheres foi de 15,53%. A razão de chance indicou que as mulheres têm 1,46 vezes mais chances IC95% (1,27; 1,52) de apresentarem HAS, que os homens. Em ambos os gêneros, a prevalência de HAS aumentou conjuntamente com o aumento da idade, sobretudo, nas faixas etárias acima dos 50 anos. Conclui-se que a prevalência de HAS apresentou-se inferior à média nacional, sendo mais elevada nas mulheres e aumentando conjuntamente com o aumento da idade.

Influence of aging on isometric muscle strength, fat-free mass and electromyographic signal power of the upper and lower limbs in women / Influência do envelhecimento na força muscular isométrica, na massa livre de gordura e na potência do sinal eletromiográfico dos membros superiores e inferiores de mulheres

Background: Aging is a multifactorial process that leads to changes in the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle and contributes to decreased levels of muscle strength. Objective: This study sought to investigate whether the isometric muscle strength, fat-free mass (FFM) and power of the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the upper and lower limbs of women are similarly affected by aging. Method: The sample consisted of 63 women, who were subdivided into three groups (young (YO) n=33, 24.7±3.5 years; middle age (MA) n=15, 58.6±4.2 years; and older adults (OA). n=15, 72.0±4.2 years). Isometric strength was recorded simultaneously with the capture of the electrical activity of the flexor muscles of the fingers and the vastus lateralis during handgrip and knee extension tests, respectively. FFM was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The handgrip strength measurements were similar among groups (p=0.523), whereas the FFM of the upper limbs was lower in group OA compared to group YO (p=0.108). The RMSn values of the hand flexors were similar among groups (p=0.754). However, the strength of the knee extensors, the FFM of the lower limbs and the RMSn values of the vastus lateralis were lower in groups MA (p=0.014, p=0.006 and p=0.013, respectively) and OA (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p<0.000, respectively) compared to group YO. Conclusions : The results of this study demonstrate that changes in isometric muscle strength in MLG and electromyographic activity of the lower limbs are more pronounced with the aging process of the upper limb. .

Contextualização: O envelhecimento é um processo multifatorial que provoca mudanças na quantidade e na qualidade da musculatura esquelética, ambas contribuindo para a diminuição dos níveis de força muscular. Objetivo: Investigar se a força muscular isométrica, a massa livre de gordura (MLG) e a potência do sinal eletromiográfico dos membros superiores e inferiores de mulheres são afetadas na mesma magnitude pelo envelhecimento. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 63 mulheres subdividas em três grupos (JO, n=33 jovens, 24,7±3,5 anos; MI, n=15, 58,6±4,2 anos; ID, n=15, 72,0±4,2 anos). A força isométrica foi registrada simultaneamente à captação da atividade elétrica dos músculos flexores dos dedos e vasto lateral durante os testes de preensão manual e de extensão do joelho, respectivamente. A MLG foi avaliada por meio da absortometria radiológica de dupla energia. Resultados: A força de preensão manual foi semelhante entre os grupos (p=0,523), a MLG do membro superior foi menor no grupo ID em relação ao JO (p=0,108), e os valores da variável root mean square normalizados pela MLG do membro dominante (RMSn) foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p=0,754). Entretanto, a força dos extensores do joelho, a MLG do membro inferior e os valores RMSn foram menores nos grupos MI (p=0,014, p=0,006 e p=0,013, respectivamente) e ID (p=0,000, p=0,000 e p<0,000, respectivamente). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que as alterações na força muscular isométrica, na MLG e na atividade eletromiográfica dos membros inferiores são mais pronunciadas com o processo de envelhecimento do que a dos membros superiores. .

Influence of aging on isometric muscle strength, fat-free mass and electromyographic signal power of the upper and lower limbs in women.

BACKGROUND: Aging is a multifactorial process that leads to changes in the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle and contributes to decreased levels of muscle strength. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate whether the isometric muscle strength, fat-free mass (FFM) and power of the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the upper and lower limbs of women are similarly affected by aging. METHOD: The sample consisted of 63 women, who were subdivided into three groups (young (YO) n=33, 24.7 ± 3.5 years; middle age (MA) n=15, 58.6 ± 4.2 years; and older adults (OA). n=15, 72.0 ± 4.2 years). Isometric strength was recorded simultaneously with the capture of the electrical activity of the flexor muscles of the fingers and the vastus lateralis during handgrip and knee extension tests, respectively. FFM was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The handgrip strength measurements were similar among groups (p=0.523), whereas the FFM of the upper limbs was lower in group OA compared to group YO (p=0.108). The RMSn values of the hand flexors were similar among groups (p=0.754). However, the strength of the knee extensors, the FFM of the lower limbs and the RMSn values of the vastus lateralis were lower in groups MA (p=0.014, p=0.006 and p=0.013, respectively) and OA (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p<0.000, respectively) compared to group YO. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that changes in isometric muscle strength in MLG and electromyographic activity of the lower limbs are more pronounced with the aging process of the upper limb.

Sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk in physically active adult and elderly women / Sarcopenia e risco cardiovascular em mulheres adultas e idosas fisicamente ativas / Sarcopenia y riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres adultas y mayores fisicamente activas

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in non-sedentary women. Study participants were 124 women (control group (CG) n = 33; 24.5 ± 2.9 years and study group (SG) n = 91; 61.9 ± 8.7 years). Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, body composition (DXA), anthropometric indices and questionnaire answers were analyzed. Sarcopenia was considered as a standard deviation below mean values for young people, corresponding to 7.3 kg/m2 and classifying 34.1% of SG as sarcopenic. Prevalence of risk for CVD considered low, moderate and high was 21%, 60% and 19%, respectively. Logistic regression showed no relationship between sarcopenia and risk factors for CVD, except for body mass index as a protection factor. There was a tendency for sarcopenia to assume associations as risk factor for variables smoking, triglycerides, obesity, abdominal fat, and Framingham Risk Score and as a protection factor for variable physical activity level.

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia e sua associação com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em mulheres fisicamente ativas. Participaram 124 mulheres (Grupos Controle (GC) n = 33; 24,5 ± 2,9 anos e de Estudo (GE) n = 91; 61,9 ± 8,7 anos). Analisaram-se medidas antropométricas, parâmetros sanguíneos, composição corporal (DEXA), índices antropométricos e respostas de questionários. Considerou-se sarcopenia um desvio-padrão abaixo da média para a população jovem, correspondendo a 7,3 kg/m2, classificando 34,1% do GE como sarcopênico. Prevalência do risco para DCV considerando baixo, moderado e alto foi, respectivamente, 21%, 60% e 19%. A regressão logística não mostrou relação entre sarcopenia e fatores de risco para DCV, exceto para o índice de massa corporal como fator de proteção. Observou-se tendência da sarcopenia assumir associações como fator de risco nas variáveis tabagismo, triglicerídeos, obesidade, gordura abdominal e Escore de Risco de Framingham e como fator de proteção na variável nível de atividade física.

El objetivo fue comprobar la prevalencia de sarcopenia y su relación con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en mujeres activas. Participaron 124 mujeres (Grupo Control (GC) n = 33; 24,5 ± 2,9 años y de Estudio (GE) n = 91; 61,9 ± 8,7 años), a las cuales se le realizó: cuestionario, antropometría, análisis bioquímico y densitometría ósea (DEXA). La sarcopenia fue considerada una desviación estándar por debajo de la media para la población joven, lo que corresponde a 7,3 kg/m2, clasificando 34,1% el GE como sarcopénico. La prevalencia del riesgo para ECV considerando bajo, moderado y alto riesgo fue respectivamente, 21%, 60% y 19%. La regresión logística no mostró relación entre sarcopenia y factores de riesgo para ECV, excepto para el índice de masa corporal como factor de protección. También se observó que la sarcopenia está asociada a factores de riesgo como tabaquismo, hipertrigliceridemia, obesidad, grasa abdominal y puntuación de riesgo de Framingham. La variable de actividad física se mostró como factor de protección.

Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in a sample of Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the validity of BAI in predicting %BF in a sample of Brazilian women DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 102 women (average age 60.3 ± 9.8) were assessed. To determine percentage body fat (% BF), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the "gold standard." To evaluate the association between body adiposity index (BAI) and % BF assessed by DXA, we used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Paired sample t-test was used to test differences in mean % BF between BAI and DXA. To evaluate the concordance between % BF measured by DXA and estimated by BAI, we used the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and the agreement analysis of Bland-Altman. RESULTS: The correlation between % BF obtained by DXA and that estimated by BAI was r = 0.65, P < 0.001. Paired t-test showed significant mean difference between methods (P < 0.0001). Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was C_b = 0.73, which is classified as poor, while the Bland-Altman plots showed BAI underestimating % BF in relation to the used criterion measure in a large portion of the sample. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study show that BAI presented low agreement with % BF measured by DXA, which is not recommended for % BF prediction in this studied sample.

Efeito de oito semanas de treinamento de ginástica localizada sobre a composição corporal de mulheres sedentárias / Effect of eight weeks of gymnastics training on body composition in sedentary women

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de oito semanas de treinamento de ginástica localizada na composição corporal de mulheres sedentárias. Foram avaliadas 18 mulheres (26,44±1,26 anos), que participaram de oito semanas (24 sessões) de treinamento, com frequência de três aulas semanais, duração de 50 minutos por seção, todas idênticas, da primeira à última. Cada sessão foi composta por 11 exercícios, sendo cada exercício específico para determinado grupamento muscular. Esses exercícios foram realizados em séries contínuas, com duração entre três e quatro minutos cada, conforme duração da música de cada série. Todos os exercícios realizados durante as aulas foram executados com controle de ritmo. Antes do início do programa e logo após as oito semanas, foram realizadas medidas de massa (Kg), aferição de estatura (cm) e de dobras cutâneas (cm) e cálculos do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), do percentual de gordura e da massa corporal magra e gorda. Ao final do estudo, constatou-se redução estatisticamente significante no percentual de gordura corporal (inicial= 28,98±0,66%; final= 28,50±0,63%), não havendo alteração na massa corporal, na massa corporal magra e no IMC das avaliadas. Concluiu-se que o programa de ginástica localizada empregado no estudo teve resultado positivo na redução do percentual de gordura e na manutenção da massa magra das avaliadas após um período de treinamento de oito semanas.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of gymnastics training on body composition of sedentary women. We evaluated 18 women (26.44±1.26 years) who participated in 24 training sessions with the frequency of three weekly sessions. The training sessions lasted about 50 minutes and were all identical from first to last. Each session consisted of 11 exercises, each exercise specific for a muscle group. These exercises were performed in continuous series, lasting between three and four minutes each. The duration of the series was regulated by choreographed music that series. All exercises done during class were performed with rhythm control. The evaluated underwent a battery of tests involving weight (Kg), height (cm) and skinfold measurement (cm) to carry out the calculation of BMI, fat percentage and lean body mass and fat. These tests were performed before and after the eight weeks of the program implementation. At the end of the study, it was found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the components related to the body fat (initial= 28.98±0.66%; final= 28.50±0.63%), with no change in lean body mass, weight and BMI of the evaluated women. The resistance local gymnastics training program employed in the present study had positive results in reducing the percentage of fat and maintaining lean body mass of the evaluated women after a training period of eight weeks.

Associação entre risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários / Association between cardiovascular risk and hypertension in universities professors

A hipertensão arterial é uma das mais importantes causas modificáveis de morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular precoce na população adulta mundial, além de ser fator de risco independente para doenças cardiovasculares. Assim objetivou-se verificar a associação entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários. Foram avaliados 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), no ano de 2009, analisando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), circunferência abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura ( por centoG), colesterol total (CT), triacilglicerol (TG), glicose, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) de repouso e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx). Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way para comparação entre indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Calculou-se a razão de chances de desenvolvimento de quadros de PA elevada entre os indivíduos que apresentavam níveis indicativos de risco cardiovascular. Todos os tratamentos possuíram nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para idade, peso, estatura, IMC, RCQ, CA, PAS e PAD. Já as mulheres possuíam um por centoG significativamente elevado. Os indivíduos com níveis pressóricos elevados apresentaram valores maiores para todas as variáveis, à exceção do VO2máx. Observou-se associação os fatores de risco e elevação da PA somente para as variáveis: sexo, idade, IMC, CA, por centoG e TG. Conclui-se que o gênero, a idade, o IMC, a circunferência abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e os triacilgliceróis foram considerados indicadores de risco cardiovascular por apresentarem associação com a hipertensão arterial na amostra de professores avaliados.

Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable causes of precocious cardiovascular morbid-mortality in the adult population worldwide, and it's an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus we aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk and blood pressure on universities professors. 145 professors from Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) were evaluated, in 2009, analyzing the variables: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist / hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference (AC), percent body fat ( percent BF), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) at rest and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We used ANOVA one way test for comparison between normotensive and prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. It was calculated the odds ratio of high BP expansion among individuals who had indicative levels of cardiovascular risk. All treatments possessed a significance level of p < 0.05. Men showed significantly higher values for age, weight, height, BMI, WHR, AC, SBP and DBP. The women have had significantly higher percent BF. Individuals with high blood pressure had higher values for all variables, except for VO2max. Association between risk factors and blood pressure increase was only observed to gender, age, BMI, percent BF and BT. It is concluded that gender, age, BMI, abdominal circumference, percentage body fat and triglycerides were considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension in the sample of professors evaluated.

Perfil pressórico entre estudantes, professores e funcionários de uma universidade pública / Pressure profile among students, teachers and officials of a public university

Objetivo - Estudos epidemiológicos sobre perfil pressórico auxiliam na compreensão de como a hipertensão arterial distribui-se em certas populações, contribuindo para elaboração de ações preventivas. Assim, objetivou-se determinar o perfil de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e prevalência de hipertensão arterial em uma comunidade universitária. Métodos - A coleta ocorreu como ação vinculada ao "Dia Mundial de Combate à Hipertensão Arterial", em 2009. Participaram 800 indivíduos de três categorias ocupacionais, que voluntariamentese apresentaram para registro da pressão arterial em um dos onze postos distribuídos no campus universitário. Considerou-se critério sugestivo de hipertensão valores > 140 e/ou > 90 mmHg de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Determinaram-se proporções da população segundo gênero, idade e categoria ocupacional, prevalência do estado hipertensivo, média e erro-padrão das pressões arteriais. Resultados - Apresentaram estado hipertensivo 22,6%, sendo 129 (29,5%) homens e 52 (14,3%) mulheres, a maioria funcionários (36,5%). A prevalência de hipertensão sistólica e diastólica isolada foi de 10,4% e 18,2%, respectivamente. No total, a média da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica para estudantes (114,7 mmHg e 74.2 mmHg) foi significativamente menor que dos professores e funcionários. O estágio 1 da hipertensão arterial sistólica e diastólica foi encontrada em 8,9% e 14% dos indivíduos. Conclusões - Na comunidade universitária avaliada, os níveis pressóricos estão compatíveis para a população brasileira, porém, a categoria de funcionários e os homens apresentam maior risco. Há tendência secular de aumento da prevalência de hipertensão nas três categorias, principalmente em estudantes, exigindo vigilância especial nesse grupo, onde a prevenção deve ocorrer enquanto jovens.

Objective - Epidemiological studies of pressure profile help to understand how hypertension is distributed in certain populations, contributing to development of preventive actions. The objective was to determine the profile of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in a university population. Methods - The collect occurred as an action linked to the "World Day to Combat Hypertension", in 2009. Take part 800 individuals of three occupational categories, who voluntarily came forward to record blood pressure in one of the eleven stations distributed on the campus. Was considered criteria suggestive of hypertension values > 140 and / or > 90 mmHg of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Were determined proportions of the population according to gender, age and occupational category, prevalence of hypertensive state, mean and standard error of blood pressure. Results - About 22.6% had hypertensive state, being 129 (29.5%) men and 52 (14.3%) women, most officials (36.5%). Prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 10.4% and 18.2% respectively. In total, the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressures for students (114.7 mmHg and 74.2 mmHg) was significantly lower than the teachers and officials. First stage of systolic and diastolic hypertension was found in 8.9% and 14% of the individuals. Conclusions - In the evaluated university community, pressure levels are consistent to Brazilian population, however, the category of officials and males have a higher risk.There is a secular trend of increased prevalence of hypertension in three categories, mainly in students, requiring special vigilance in this group where prevention should occur while young.

Avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica e ginástica / Evaluation of static and dynamic balance in elderly women performing aquatic exercise and gymnastics

Este estudo avaliou o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e valências motoras relacionadas em idosas praticantes de ginástica e hidroginástica. Participaram 31 mulheres na modalidade hidroginástica (GH, 69,32 ± 6,57 anos) e 28 na ginástica (GG; 65,57 ± 7,67 anos), com no mínimo seis meses de prática e frequência mínina de três vezes na semana. Foram realizadas medidas de estatura (cm), peso (kg) e circunferências de cintura, quadril e abdome (cm) e cálculos do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e relação cintura-quadril (RCQ). As habilidades físicas foram medidas pelos testes de ?sentar e levantar em 30 segundos? (resistência de membros inferiores) e ?8-feet Up-and-go? (equilíbrio dinâmico), ambos propostos por Rikli e Jones (1999), ?sentar e alcançar? (flexibilidade) e teste de equilíbrio estático de Caromano (1998). A análise estatística empregou o teste t de Student e correlação de Pearson com nível de significância de 0,05. Em relação às medidas antropométricas (IMC e RCQ), não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos. Nos testes de aptidão física, foi encontrada diferença estatística apenas nos testes ?8-feet Up-and-Go? e ?sentar e levantar?, com melhores resultados para o grupo GG. Não foram observadas correlações intra e inter grupos, entre equilíbrios estático e dinâmico e as valências motoras estudadas. Conclui-se que não houve superioridade entre as modalidades, mas foi possível observar uma tendência de superioridade do grupo GG em parâmetros como agilidade, equilíbrio e flexibilidade.

This study evaluated static and dynamic balance and related motor valences in elderly women who had been undergone gymnastics or aquatic exercise training for at least 6 months, three times a week. Thirty-one women performed water gymnastics (mean age: 69.32 ± 6.57 years) and 28 gymnastics (65.57 ± 7.67 years). Height (cm), weight (kg) and waist, hip and abdominal circumference (cm) were measured and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Physical fitness was measured using the ?sit and get up in 30 seconds? test (leg endurance) and ?8-foot up-and-go? test (dynamic balance), both proposed by Rikli and Jones (1999), and the ?sit and reach? (flexibility) and static balance tests described by Caromano (1998). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and Pearson?s correlation, with a level of significance of 0.05. No significant difference in the anthropometric measures (BMI and WHR) was observed between groups. In the physical fitness tests, significant differences were only found in the ?8-foot up-and-go? and ?sit and get up? tests, with the gymnastics group presenting better results. No correlations within or between groups were observed regarding static and dynamic balance or motor valences. In conclusion, neither type of exercise was superior but the gymnastics group tended to show better results in terms of parameters such as agility, balance and flexibility.

[Time use in the daily life of aged women: an indicative method of the life style of population groups]. / O uso do tempo no cotidiano de mulheres idosas: um método indicador do estilo de vida de grupos populacionais.

Time use research analyzes the multi-factorial aspects of aging. The purpose of this research was to describe time use within a group of 75 elderly women, 68,04 +/- 8,36 years old, based on their daily activities from waking up to going to sleep. The instruments used in the study were a cognition test (Clock Completion Test), a questionnaire for obtaining personal data and structured interviews (Time Diary) for obtaining information about the activities carried out on the day prior to the interview. The daily activities were decoded and classified by means of an international classification for time use studies, thus obtaining the profiles of the daily activities assigned to nine groups of main activities and their physical and social contexts. It was verified that the greater part of time was spent with mandatory activities (housework and personal care). Most of the free time was spent with passive leisure (TV watching) and little physical activity. Most of the activities were performed at home (physical context), and the elderly women used to live either with members of their family or alone (social context). Individual factors such as age, gender, educational level, marital status and socioeconomic level probably play a role in the time use patterns found.

[Identification of the area of influence of the public basic health care delivery to the elderly population in Viçosa-MG]. / Identificação da área de influência do serviço de atenção básica do sistema público de saúde à população idosa, município de Viçosa-MG.

This study aimed to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the elderly population, identify the area of influence of basic care in relation to the area of residence of the elderly and the rate of service use, as well as to map the demand according to the geographic location of the Basic Care Unit. The sample comprised 6,964 male and female subjects aged 60 years or more, who sought any of the outpatient public health services between May 2003 and April 2004. From this total, 64.1% were women and 35.9% men. The results show that cardiovascular diseases account for the greater part of medical consultations in the health system, with a mean of 3,576 consultations per year per elderly. Geographic mapping showed the demand for medical consultations in determinate basic care units to be related with the medical specialty available at these units. These results allow identifying the neighborhoods with the highest concentrations of specific diseases, indicating the need for insertion/redistribution of professionals between the basic care units in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly.