RESUMO
For the production of electricity, the use of wind energy has become more interesting in recent years. In this present study, the authors assessed wind potential using wind speed data measured at 10 m altitude for a period of 18-30 years in Chad. The statistical method of Rayleigh's law was deployed in this study. In addition, the performance of five wind turbines in five different sites were examined based on their capacity factor and annual energy production. The results shows that the average monthly velocities of the five sites range from 2.54 m/s to 3.25 m/s and the power density varies from 20.80 W/m2 to 44.17 W/m2. By focusing on the annual energy production of these turbines, the results obtained show that the Enercom E-82 can be adapted for all the five sites.
RESUMO
A new nonlinear phenomenon has been studied theoretically on one of the main cytoskeletal element of eukaryotic cells, namely chaos in microtubules vibrations. The general model of microtubules is used to draw phase portraits and Lyapunov spectra. The examination of numerical results reveals that the velocity of the chaotic wave could be the physical parameter that governs chaos. The energy released after the hydrolysation of guanosine triphosphate is converted to active turbulence leading to chaos. The high values of the Lyapunov exponents give hints that there are strong dissipations yielding in the lessening of the velocity of chaotic wave propagation in the microtubules. Moreover, the role of chaos in information processing has been established in microtubules. The energy coming from hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate stimulates the tubulin leading it to probe its environment and collect information. The net sum of Lyapunov exponents is found to be positive in this stage of the process. Also, the collected information is compressed with a negative sum of Lyapunov exponents. Eventually, the compressibility rate has been estimated to be η=67.2%, and 1.11 bit is lost.
