Influence of Clogging and Unbound Base Layer Properties on Pervious Concrete Drainage Characteristics.

This paper aims to assess the influence of clogging on paving material (pervious concrete) drainage characteristics as well as the influence of the properties of an unbound base layer on drainage characteristics of the whole paving system. The clogging influence has been studied measuring the drainage characteristics on pervious concrete flags before and after their clogging, according to ASTM C1701-09. Additionally, the drainage characteristics of uncontaminated pervious concrete as a paving material was assessed using the falling head method. To assess the influence of properties of an unbound base course (UBC) on drainage characteristics of the whole paving system, the unbound base layer was compacted in two different levels of compaction and the drainage characteristics were measured (according to ASTM C1701-09). It is concluded that pervious concrete prepared with a smaller aggregate fraction is more prone to clogging. Regarding the influence of UBC, it is important to find a balance between pervious concrete infiltration and UBC exfiltration rate, particularly in a case of pervious concrete flags made of coarse aggregate.

Feasibility of Agricultural Biomass Fly Ash Usage for Soil Stabilisation of Road Works.

Agricultural biomass ash is a waste material produced by incineration of residue from fields after harvesting crops. The use of agricultural biomass in industry produces large quantities of ash that represent an ecological problem. Another ecological problem is the dependency of road building on natural materials, which has been traditionally used for all pavement layers. Today, roads are built on less accessible and suitable terrains, increasing the need for improving the mechanical characteristics of locally available materials by various means of stabilisation. Within this research, three agricultural biomass fly ashes are used as lime substitutes for hydraulically stabilised soil. The purpose of this research is evaluation of potential use of agricultural biomass fly ash for the soil stabilisation of road works, i.e., for embankment and subgrade purposes. The results indicate that there is a potential of using barley, sunflower seed shells and wheat fly ash as lime substitutes in the soil stabilisation of road works. The strength characteristics of stabilised soil incorporating biomass fly ash are highly dependent on its chemical composition. Using a three-dimensional digital image correlation technique, it is concluded that the elastic properties of stabilised soil correlate to a fracture mechanism that can be efficiently defined by this modern research tool.

Experimental Study of Rubberized Concrete Stress-Strain Behavior for Improving Constitutive Models.

Inclusion of rubber into concrete changes its behavior and the established shape of its stress-strain curve. Existing constitutive stress-strain models for concrete are not valid in case of rubberized concrete, and currently available modified models require additional validation on a larger database of experimental results, with a wider set of influential parameters. By executing uniaxial compressive tests on concrete with rubber substituting 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of aggregate, it was possible to study and evaluate the influence of rubber content on its mechanical behavior. The stress-strain curve was investigated in its entirety, including compressive strength, elastic modulus, strains at significant levels of stress, and failure patterns. Experimental results indicated that increase of rubber content linearly decreases compressive strength and elastic modulus, but increases ductility. By comparing experimental stress-strain curves with those plotted using available constitutive stress-strain models it was concluded that they are inadequate for rubberized concrete with high rubber content. Based on determined deviations an improvement of an existing model was proposed, which provides better agreement with experimental curves. Obtained research results enabled important insights into correlations between rubber content and changes of the stress-strain curve required when utilizing nonlinear material properties.