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1.
J Phys Chem B ; 116(40): 12133-41, 2012 Oct 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22963646

RESUMO

Ionic liquids have attracted a large amount of interest in the past few years. One approach to better understand their peculiar nature and characteristics is through the analysis of their surface properties. Some research has provided novel information on the organization of pure ionic liquids at the vapor-liquid interface; yet, a systematic study on the surface properties of mixtures of ionic liquids and their organization at the surface has not previously been carried out in the literature. This work reports, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the surface organization of mixtures of ionic liquids constituted by 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, [C(n)mim][NTf(2)]. The surface tension of mixtures composed of [C(4)mim][NTf(2)] + [C(n)mim][NTf(2)] (n = 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 10) was experimentally determined, at 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure, in the whole composition range. From the experimental data, the surface tension deviations and the relative Gibbs adsorption isotherms were estimated showing how the surface composition of an ionic liquid mixture differs from that of the liquid bulk and that the surface is enriched by the ionic liquid with the longest alkyl chain length. Finally, the soft-SAFT equation of state coupled with the density gradient theory (DGT) was used, for the first time, to successfully reproduce the surface tension experimental data of binary mixtures of ionic liquids using a molecular-based approach. In addition, the DGT was used to compute the density profiles of the two components across the interface, confirming the experimental results for the components distribution at the bulk and at the vapor-liquid interface.


Assuntos
Imidazóis/química , Imidas/química , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Modelos Moleculares , Sulfonamidas , Tensão Superficial
3.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 41(1): 25-29, ene. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051398

RESUMO

Objetivos. Valoración isocinética, peak torque (PT) y set total work (STW), en pacientes con ruptura de cofia rotadora del hombro antes y después de la reparación quirúrgica. Material y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo con una muestra de 20 pacientes con ruptura de cofia rotadora antes y después de la intervención quirúrgica. Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos por el mismo cirujano ortopédico, realizándose reparación de la cofia y acromioplastia anteroinferior, y fueron valorados mediante la prueba de isocinesia y la prueba de Constant. Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon con p < 0,05. Resultados. En 19 pacientes encontramos una mejoría de la prueba de Constant post-quirúrgica estadísticamente significativa. También, valores estadísticamente significativos para la PT y STW de rotadores internos entre extremidad afecta pre y post-cirugía, confirmando la mejoría después de la pauta de rehabilitación post-cirugía. Se obtuvieron valores estadísticamente significativos para la pérdida de fuerza en el PT de los rotadores externos de la extremidad afecta pre y post-cirugía confirmando la falta de recuperación de la fuerza del grupo muscular afectado después de la intervención. Los valores estadísticamente significativos obtenidos para el PT y STW, comparando la extremidad sana con la operada para los rotadores externos, confirman que el hallazgo de pérdida de fuerza no es debido al azar. Conclusiones. Los pacientes operados de ruptura de cofia rotadora mejoran su calidad de vida después de la intervención quirúrgica debido a la disminución del dolor, no a la recuperación de fuerza de la extremidad afectada a los 6 meses de la intervención


Objectives. Analyze the isokinetic results, peak torque (PT) and set total work (STW), in rotator cuff lesions before and after surgical repair. Material and methods. A prospective study was conducted on a sample of 20 patients with rotator cuff rupture before and after surgical repair. All the patients were operated by the same surgeon who performed an acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair. All the sample was evaluated with an isokinetic test, performed by a Cybex Norm II dynamometer, before and 6 month after surgical repair, after following a shoulder rehabilitation protocol. We also studied the sample with the Constant test, before and after surgical repair. The statistic analysis was performed with the SPSS program, Wilcoxon test p < 0.05. Results. We found a statistically significant improvement in the post-repair Constant's test results in 19 patients. There were also statistically significant results for internal rotators PT and STW in the involved arm before and after surgical repair. This implies a good shoulder rehabilitation program. Statistically significant results for external rotators PT for the involved arm before and after surgery were obtained. Lack of recovery of strength in the muscular group involved after surgery was confirmed. The statistically significant results obtained for external rotators PT and STW when the health limb was compared with that operated on for the external rotators confirmed that the finding of loss of strength was not due to chance. Conclusions. Patients with cuff-rotator repair improve their quality life because of pain decrease and not due to strength recovery at six months of the operation


Assuntos
Humanos , Manguito Rotador/lesões , Traumatismos do Braço/cirurgia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Traumatismos do Braço/reabilitação , Qualidade de Vida
6.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 134-136, mayo-jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037377

RESUMO

Objetivos. Valorar la nueva estructura endoesquelética de carbono en 3 pacientes de la población amputada de nuestra área y comparar los resultados funcionales con las estructuras tradicionales de aluminio. Métodos. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo con una muestra de 3 pacientes amputados tibiales de etiología vascular. Todos los pacientes realizaron una pauta preprotésica y de adaptación a la prótesis provisional. Se prescribió de forma aleatoria, la prótesis provisional de estructura de carbono o aluminio que el paciente llevó durante 15 días. Al final de este período se pasaron las pruebas de evaluación y se repitió el mismo proceso con la otra estructura. Las pruebas utilizadas para la valoración funcional fueron plataformas IBV para análisis de la marcha humana, valores temporales de la marcha(VTM), índice de capacidad motriz (Test PPA) y el test de Day. Resultados. Dos pacientes optaron por la nueva estructura endoesquelética. Encontramos una disminución de los VTM respecto a la población no amputada y un menor diferencial con la prótesis de carbón. En el test de Day se obtuvieron valores pertenecientes a un rango de actividad media en ambos grupos y una leve mejoría en el índice de capacidad motriz con una marcha más simétrica en los valores de las plataformas para la prótesis de estructura de carbono. Conclusiones. No se ha podido realizar estudio estadístico de los resultados, aunque estos sugieren una mejora de la marcha con la prótesis de carbono, esta está pensada para pacientes con movilidad reducida. Es necesario la realización de un estudio más amplio para obtener resultados concluyentes


Objectives. To evaluate the new carbon endoskeletal prosthetic structure in 3 amputee patients in our area and to compare the functional results with traditional aluminum structures. Methods. We realised a prospective study with a sample of three transfemoral amputated patients with vascular etiology. All the patients followed a pre-prosthetic training to achieve good adaptation to the provisional prosthesis. Randomly, each patient was given the provisional either carbon or aluminium prosthesis for 15 days. After this period, they changed to the other prosthesis, which they also wore for another15 days. At the end of both periods, evaluation tests were carried out. The tests used for the functional value are IBV platforms for Human Gait Analysis, Gait Temporary Values(GTV), Motor Ability Index (from Amputee Prosthetic Profile Test) and Day’s Test. Results. Two patients chose the new endoskeletal structure. We found a decrease in GTV with regard to not amputated population and fewer differences with the carbon prosthesis. Values belonging to a medium activity range were obtained in all groups in Day’s Test. There was also a slight improvement in Motor Ability Index, which was better for the carbon prosthesis. As for platforms values, a more symmetrical gait with the carbon structure is deduced. Conclusions. A statistical study has not been able to be carried out. However, they suggest an improvement in the gait with the carbon prosthesis. The carbon prosthesis is indicated in patients with reduced mobility. A more extensive study is necessary to confirm the results seen in this one


Assuntos
Humanos , Amputação Cirúrgica/reabilitação , Membros Artificiais/estatística & dados numéricos , Amputados/reabilitação , Marcha/fisiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Carbono/uso terapêutico , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico
7.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 39(1): 20-24, ene.-feb. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037357

RESUMO

Objetivos. Valorar la capacidad funcional de los pacientes a los que se ha implantado una prótesis total de rodilla al finalizar el tratamiento rehabilitador mediante una prueba isocinética y valorar la utilidad de éste como método complementario en el seguimiento de estos pacientes. Material y método. Se recogió una muestra de 16 pacientes de edades comprendidas entre los 61 y los 78 años, a los que se había implantado una prótesis total de rodilla, tras finalizar el tratamiento rehabilitador. Se comparó con un grupo control de 16 sujetos. Utilizamos un dinamómetro isocinético CYBEX NORM II. La prueba se realizó en régimen concéntrico, valorándose la fuerza máxima (peak torque), el conjunto del trabajo total(set total work), el ángulo de la fuerza y el cociente flexión/extensión de la fuerza, a velocidades angulares de 120 y 180°/s. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p 0,05) para el resto de los ángulos de fuerza máxima ni para las ratioflexión/extensión de fuerza máxima. Conclusiones. La valoración isocinética demuestra que estos pacientes presentan una pérdida de fuerza tanto de flexión como de extensión. La isocinesia es un método complementario útil para la valoración de estos pacientes; incluso puede ser útil para la adecuación individual de un protocolo establecido de rehabilitación, según las necesidades de cada paciente en cada etapa de tratamiento


Objectives. Assess the functional capacity of the patients who have received a total knee arthroplasty at the end of the rehabilitation treatment using an isokinetic test and assess the utility of this test as a complementary method in the follow-up of these patients. Material and method. We gathered a sample of 16 patients, whose ages ranged from 61 to 78 years, who have received a total knee arthroplasty, after finish the rehabilitation treatment. We compared this group with a control group of 16 subjects. We used a CYBEX NORM II isokinetic dynamometer. The test was performed in concentric regimen, assessing the Peak Torque, the Set Total Work, the angle of the Peak Torque and the ratio flexion/extension of the Peak Torque, with angular speeds of 120°/s. and 180°/s. Results. We found statistically significant differences (p 0,05) for the rest of the angles of Peak Torque and neither for the ratios flexion/extension of the Peak Torque. Conclusions. The isokinetic evaluation shows that these patients present a loss of strength for the flexion and also for the extension. The isokinetic test is an useful complementary method for the assessment of these patients; even it can be useful for an individual adaptation of an established protocol of rehabilitation, according to the different needs of each patient in each stage of the treatment


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Artroplastia do Joelho/reabilitação , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tono Muscular , Amplitude de Movimento Articular
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