[High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among spanish obese children and adolescents]. / Elevada prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D entre los niños y adolescentes obesos españoles'

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with extra-skeletal outcomes such as, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children and adolescents in Spain and to analyze the relationship between 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the clinical and biochemical data were recorded for 120 obese and 50 non-overweight children in Pediatric Clinics from January 2011 to January 2013. RESULTS: The mean 25-OH-D levels among obese children was 19.5 ng/ml and among non-overweight children was 31.6 ng/ml. 58,3% of obese subjects, and 10% of non-overweight subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25-OH-D levels were lower in winter. Higher HOMA-SDS (3.8 versus 2.4), and triglycerides (97 versus 81 mg/dl) were found in vitamin D deficient obese children compared to obese children without vitamin D deficiency. A negative correlation was found between 25-OH-D levels and HOMA in absolute values (r=-0.2; P=.04) that was not maintained when HOMA-SDS was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children with a multifactorial etiology. A lower 25-OH-D level could be a risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese population.

Masa ventricular izquierda, espirometría basal forzada y perfil de adipocitocinas en niños obesos con y sin síndrome metabólico / Left ventricular mass, forced baseline spirometry and adipocytokine profiles in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome

Introducción: En los últimos años, se ha constatado un aumento de las alteraciones de la función cardiaca y pulmonar entre los pacientes obesos. Asimismo, también se ha demostrado que la obesidad es un estado de inflamación crónica. Por ello, hipotetizamos que los niños obesos con síndrome metabólico presentan un porcentaje superior de hipertrofia de ventrículo izquierdo y una espirometría alterada, secundaria a un mayor grado de inflamación. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de la masa ventricular izquierda mediante ecografía, análisis de espirometría basal forzada mediante espirómetro (FlowScreen) y determinación de perfil de adipocitocinas (adiponectina, IL-6, leptina, MCP-1, PCR-hs, RBP-4, TNF-alfa y visfatina) a niños peripuberales obesos con y sin síndrome metabólico. Resultados: Se incluyó en el estudio a 41 pacientes (20 niñas y 21 niños), 20 de los cuales (10 niños y 10 niñas) presentaban síndrome metabólico. De las adipocitocinas estudiadas, leptina, PCR-hs y MCP-1, y el cociente leptina/adiponectina mostraron valores sustancialmente superiores en el grupo de síndrome metabólico (p<0,01). El análisis de la masa ventricular izquierda y la espirometría no evidenciaron diferencias entre los 2 grupos estudiados. Sin embargo, considerando la muestra completa, el 9,5% de los sujetos tenían ya una hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. Por otro lado, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre los datos antropométricos y el perfil de adipocitocinas, ni tampoco con masa ventricular izquierda ni con la espirometría. Conclusión: En el momento del estudio, la masa ventricular izquierda y la espirometría parecen no relacionarse con parámetros inflamatorios en el niño obeso(AU)

Introduction: Recent reports have shown an increase in changes in cardiac and pulmonary function among obese patients. Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated that obesity is a state of chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that obese children with metabolic syndrome exhibit a higher percentage of left ventricular hypertrophy and altered spirometry values due to higher levels of inflammation. Patients and methods: Left ventricular mass was studied using echocardiography, baseline forced spirometry by spirometer (FlowScreen) and adipocytokine profiles (adiponectin, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PCR-Hs, RBP-4, TNF-alpha and visfatin) were evaluated in peripubertal obese children with and without metabolic syndrome. Results: Forty-one patients (20 girls and 21 boys) were included in the study, 20 of whom (10 boys and 10 girls) were subjects with metabolic syndrome. Of the adipocytokines studied, only leptin, hs-CRP, MCP-1, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio yielded values that were substantially greater in the group with metabolic syndrome (P<0.01). An analysis of left ventricular mass index and baseline spirometry showed no differences between the groups studied. However, of the entire cohort, 9.5% had left ventricular hypertrophy. No significant relationship was found between anthropometric data and adipocytokines and the parameters used to study left ventricular mass and spirometry values on the other. Conclusion: At the time the study was performed, left ventricular mass and baseline forced spirometry did not appear to be influenced by inflammatory mechanisms(AU)

[Left ventricular mass, forced baseline spirometry and adipocytokine profiles in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome]. / Masa ventricular izquierda, espirometría basal forzada y perfil de adipocitocinas en niños obesos con y sin síndrome metabólico.

INTRODUCTION: Recent reports have shown an increase in changes in cardiac and pulmonary function among obese patients. Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated that obesity is a state of chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that obese children with metabolic syndrome exhibit a higher percentage of left ventricular hypertrophy and altered spirometry values due to higher levels of inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Left ventricular mass was studied using echocardiography, baseline forced spirometry by spirometer (FlowScreen) and adipocytokine profiles (adiponectin, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PCR-Hs, RBP-4, TNF-( and visfatin) were evaluated in peripubertal obese children with and without metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (20 girls and 21 boys) were included in the study, 20 of whom (10 boys and 10 girls) were subjects with metabolic syndrome. Of the adipocytokines studied, only leptin, hs-CRP, MCP-1, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio yielded values that were substantially greater in the group with metabolic syndrome (P<.01). An analysis of left ventricular mass index and baseline spirometry showed no differences between the groups studied. However, of the entire cohort, 9.5% had left ventricular hypertrophy. No significant relationship was found between anthropometric data and adipocytokines and the parameters used to study left ventricular mass and spirometry values on the other. CONCLUSION: At the time the study was performed, left ventricular mass and baseline forced spirometry did not appear to be influenced by inflammatory mechanisms.