[New highlight of acute interstitial pneumonia]. / Estado actual de la neumonía intersticial aguda.

Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a rare lung disease recently included into the classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias as a distinctive disease, even though the clinical description was made more than 80 years ago, and the characteristic pathological findings were reported two decades ago. The diagnostic features have been established based on case series with limited number of patients enrolled with to different inclusion criteria,. This is an important bias when defining the clinical outcome and prognosis of the disease. The hospitalized mortality rate has been estimated higher than 50%, relapse and progressive fibrosis being most reported outcome. Recent studies describe a better prognosis in relation to HR-CT findings and to an early intervention, according to our own experience.

[Pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient with bronchiectasis]. / Nocardiosis pulmonar en paciente inmunocompetente con bronquiectasias.

We present a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient with bronchiectasis in the middle lobe and lingula. The radiologic findings were pulmonary nodules, areas of consolidation, and multiple bronchiolar impactions. The patient died and the definitive diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. Nocardiosis should be taken into account in patients with exacerbation of bronchiectasis.

[High resolution computerized tomography in pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy]. / Tomografía computarizada de alta resolución en tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia de esputo negativa.

CONTEXT: Pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy involves diagnostic difficulties when there are not available liquid culture media due to the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the traditional culture media, and also due to the need for carrying out invasive examinations. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the high resolution computerized tomography findings (HRCT) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative bacilloscopy of sputum. METHOD: Prospectively 28 patients (12 with active tuberculosis and 16 with inactive tuberculosis) were evaluated through HRCT, assessing the following findings: centrolobular nodules, multiple branched linear structures, macronodules, cavitation, consolidation, enlargement of interlobular septums, ground-glass change, bronchiectases, emphysema, broncovascular distortion, fibrotic changes, calcified mediastinal adenopathies, parenchymous calcification, pleural enlargement, and pleural effusion. RESULTS: The findings that were associated significantly to the active disease were: consolidation (67%), macronodules (67%) and centrolobular nodules (67%). The presence of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87%. The findings significantly associated to inactive disease were bronchiectases (87%) and broncovascular distortion (62%). CONCLUSION: Our results support the value of HRCT in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative sputum bacilloscopy, since the finding of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of active pulmonary disease.

Tomografía computarizada de alta resolución en tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia de esputo negativa / High resolution computerized tomography in pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy

Marco de referencia. La tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia de esputo negativa plantea dificultades diagnósticas cuando no se dispone de medios líquidos de cultivo debido al lento crecimiento del Mycobacterium tuberculosis en los medios tradicionales de cultivo y a la necesidad de utilizar exploraciones invasivas. Objetivo. Evaluar los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (HRCT) en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia de esputo negativa. Método. Se estudiaron prospectivamente 28 pacientes (12 con tuberculosis activa y 16 inactiva) mediante HRCT, valorando los siguientes hallazgos: nódulos centrolobulillares, estructuras lineales ramificadas múltiples, macronódulos, cavitación, consolidación, engrosamiento de septos interlobulillares, vidrio esmerilado, bronquiectasias, enfisema, distorsión broncovascular, cambios fibróticos, adenopatías mediastínicas calcificadas, calcificación parenquimatosa, engrosamiento pleural y derrame pleural. Resultados. Los hallazgos que se asociaron significativamente a enfermedad activa fueron: consolidación (67 por ciento), macronódulos (67 por ciento) y nódulos centrolobulillares (67 por ciento). La presencia de nódulos centrolobulillares y/o consolidación tuvo una sensibilidad del 83 por ciento y especificidad del 87 por ciento. Los hallazgos que se asociaron significativamente a enfermedad inactiva fueron bronquiectasias (87 por ciento) y distorsión broncovascular (62 por ciento).Conclusión. Nuestros resultados apoyan el valor de la HRCT en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia de esputo negativa, ya que el hallazgo de nódulos centrolobulillares y/o consolidación tiene una buena sensibilidad y especificidad para diagnosticar enfermedad pulmonar activa. (AU)

Tromboembolismo pulmonar y tomografía computarizada helicoidal / Pulmonary thrmboembolism and spiral computed tomography

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