Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data.

INTRODUCTION: Cavernomas are vascular lesions with a genetic heritage that can be spotted on the central nervous system. Whenever these lesions are localized in eloquent regions, surgical resection is not recommended. In this type of situation, Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) could be a feasible option for treating patients. Thus, we aimed to explore the outcomes associated with this procedure. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data based on Kaplan-Meier curves. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases targeting papers that provided information regarding hemorrhagic outcomes associated with GKSRS through Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: After a systematic search in the specific databases, seven studies were included in this review. Notably, a total of 1,071 patients had 1,104 cavernomas treated by GKSRS. Assessment of short-term and long-term post-procedure outcomes was performed, with the estimated overall events-free rate at 2 years being 89.8% (95% CI: 87.7-91.5), while, at 10 years, the estimated overall events-free rate was 71.3% (95% CI: 67.2-75.1). CONCLUSION: GKSRS seems to be a good alternative for the control of symptomatic events in early and long-term follow-up, despite the need for further investigation provided by future studies.

Neurocysticercosis, familial cerebral cavernomas and intracranial calcifications: differential diagnosis for adequate management.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an endemic disease and important public health problem in some areas of the World and epilepsy is the most common neurological manifestation. Multiple intracranial lesions, commonly calcified, are seen on cranial computed tomography (CT) in the chronic phase of the disease and considered one of the diagnostic criteria of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the test that better depicts the different stages of the intracranial cysts but does not show clearly calcified lesions. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), also known as cerebral cavernomas, are frequent vascular malformations of the brain, better demonstrated by MRI and have also epilepsy as the main form of clinical presentation. When occurring in the familial form, cerebral cavernomas typically present with multiple lesions throughout the brain and, very often, with foci of calcifications in the lesions when submitted to the CT imaging. In the countries, and geographic areas, where NCC is established as an endemic health problem and neuroimaging screening is done by CT scan, it will be important to consider the differential diagnosis between the two diseases due to the differences in adequate management.

Neurocysticercosis, familial cerebral cavernomas and intracranial calcifications: differential diagnosis for adequate management / Neurocisticose, cavernoma cerebral familiar e calcificações intracranianas: diagnóstico diferencial e acompanhamento adequado

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an endemic disease and important public health problem in some areas of the World and epilepsy is the most common neurological manifestation. Multiple intracranial lesions, commonly calcified, are seen on cranial computed tomography (CT) in the chronic phase of the disease and considered one of the diagnostic criteria of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the test that better depicts the different stages of the intracranial cysts but does not show clearly calcified lesions. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), also known as cerebral cavernomas, are frequent vascular malformations of the brain, better demonstrated by MRI and have also epilepsy as the main form of clinical presentation. When occurring in the familial form, cerebral cavernomas typically present with multiple lesions throughout the brain and, very often, with foci of calcifications in the lesions when submitted to the CT imaging. In the countries, and geographic areas, where NCC is established as an endemic health problem and neuroimaging screening is done by CT scan, it will be important to consider the differential diagnosis between the two diseases due to the differences in adequate management.

RESUMO A neurocisticercose (NCC) é um importante problema endêmico de saúde pública em algumas áreas do mundo, sendo epilepsia sua manifestação clínica mais comum. Múltiplas lesões intracranianas, geralmente com calcificações visualizadas em tomografia computorizada de crânio, são interpretadas como um dos critérios diagnósticos na fase crônica da doença. A ressonância magnética é o melhor teste de imagem para identificar a doença em diferentes estágios de sua forma cística mas apresenta limitações para demonstrar lesões calcificadas. Malformações cavernosas cerebrais, ou cavernomas, são malformações vasculares comuns ao sistema nervoso e epilepsia é também a sua forma mais frequente de apresentação. Na sua forma familiar cavernomas apresentam-se tipicamente com múltiplas lesões encefálicas e, frequentemente, com focos de calcificações na TC. Em alguns países, e determinadas regiões geográficas, onde neurocisticercose é endêmica, a neuroimagem mais usada para diagnóstico é a TC de crânio. Nesse contexto torna-se importante estabelecer bases para o diagnóstico diferencial entre as duas doenças, devido às diferentes formas de acompanhamento e tratamento adequado.