RESUMO
A deleterious effect of endometriosis on oocyte quality has been proposed. Evidence suggests that cumulus cells could be used as indirect biomarkers of oocyte quality. The PTGS2 gene, which encodes cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), is deregulated in endometriotic lesions and plays a crucial role in the acquisition of oocyte competence. To date, research evaluating PTGS2 expression in cumulus cells of infertile patients with endometriosis has not been conducted. The aim this study was to compare the expression levels of PTGS2 in cumulus cells of infertile women, with and without endometriosis, undergoing ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Therefore, a case-control study compared PTGS2 gene expression in the cumulus cells of 38 infertile patients with endometriosis and 40 without, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. For the first time, decreased expression of PTGS2 was found in cumulus cells of infertile women with endometriosis compared with controls (7.2 ± 10.5 versus 12.4 ± 15.7), which might be related to reduced levels of COX-2 in the cumulus cells of women with the disease. Consequently, we hypothesize that lower transcript levels of PTGS2 in cumulus cells may be involved in the impairment of oocyte quality, suggesting a possible mechanism involved in disease-related infertility.
Assuntos
Células do Cúmulo/enzimologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Endometriose/genética , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Infertilidade Feminina/enzimologia , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Regulação para Baixo , Endometriose/complicações , Endometriose/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
It is questioned whether worsening of oocyte quality and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the pathogenesis of infertility related to endometriosis and in compromised intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. Cumulus cells (CCs) protect oocytes from entering apoptosis induced by OS. Thus, we carried out a case-control study comparing expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4; genes encoding for the main antioxidant enzymes) in CCs from mature oocytes of 26 infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis, 14 patients with moderate/severe endometriosis, and 41 controls undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for ICSI, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a secondary objective, we investigated the interaction between the expression of these genes and clinical pregnancy (CP) by a statistical model. Only infertile women with moderate/severe endometriosis showed increased expression of the SOD1 in CCs compared to women with minimal/mild endometriosis and controls, with a positive interaction between increased expression and the occurrence of CP, suggesting that SOD1 might be a potential biomarker of CP following ICSI.
Assuntos
Células do Cúmulo/enzimologia , Endometriose/complicações , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/diagnóstico , Infertilidade Feminina/enzimologia , Infertilidade Feminina/genética , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Superóxido Dismutase-1 , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
As técnicas de diagnóstico pré-natal têm evoluído de forma acelerada, em especial aquelas que implicam menor invasão fetal. Nesse cenário, grande importância tem sido dispensada às técnicas de detecção de DNA fetal livre (DNA-fl) no sangue materno, as quais apresentam melhor relação custo-benefício quando comparadas às técnicas de enriquecimento e isolamento de células fetais. O DNA-fl pode ser avaliado de forma qualitativa ou quantitativa. Na primeira forma, detectam-se seqüências gênicas fetais de herança exclusivamente paterna com o intuito de selecionar fetos portadores de determinada doença, como a mutação para a fibrose cística ou a identificação de características fetais diferentes das maternas, como a incompatibilidade sanguínea RhD. Assim, os recursos propedêuticos invasivos ficariam reservados apenas para uma pequena parcela dessa população. Na segunda forma, quantifica-se a concentração de DNA-fl para se definir gestantes sob risco para eventos desfavoráveis relacionados a alterações da interface materno-fetal, como abortamento, trabalho de parto pré-termo e pré-eclâmpsia. Cabe às instituições de atenção pré-natal terciária a pesquisa e a aplicação desses recursos, objetivando a redução dos custos e sua maior disponibilização para a sociedade, conseqüentemente oferecendo diagnósticos mais precoces e menores taxas de morbimortalidade materna e fetal.
Prenatal diagnostic techniques are evolving greatly, especially noninvasive procedures. Great importance have been given to the free fetal DNA (ff-DNA) detection in maternal blood presents better cost/benefits relation when compared to enrichment and isolation of fetal cells. The ff-DNA can be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively forms. In the first form, the fetal paternally derived genetic sequences are detected in order to select which fetuses are affected by determined disease, as the mutation for cystic fibrosis, of to identify fetal characterístics different from his mother's, as in RHD incompatibility. Then, invasive procedures could only be used in part of this population aiming more therapeutics aspects than diagnosis. In the second form, the ff-DNA quantilication can define pregnancies under risk for undesirable outcomes related to anomalies in the maternal-fetal interface, such as abortion, preterm labor and pre-eclampsia. It's expected that tertiary prenatal care centers research can work with those procedures in order to offer early diagnosis and lowest rates of fetomaternal morbimortality.
