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1.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1259434, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38035106

RESUMO

Excessive renal fibrosis is a common pathology in progressive chronic kidney diseases. Inflammatory injury and aberrant repair processes contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis. Myeloid cells, particularly monocytes/macrophages, play a crucial role in kidney fibrosis by releasing their proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin into the microenvironment of the injured kidney. Numerous signaling pathways have been identified in relation to these activities. However, the involvement of metabolic pathways in myeloid cell functions during the development of renal fibrosis remains understudied. In our study, we initially reanalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of renal myeloid cells from Dr. Denby's group and observed an increased gene expression in glycolytic pathway in myeloid cells that are critical for renal inflammation and fibrosis. To investigate the role of myeloid glycolysis in renal fibrosis, we utilized a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice deficient of Pfkfb3, an activator of glycolysis, in myeloid cells (Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ ) and their wild type littermates (Pfkfb3 WT). We observed a significant reduction in fibrosis in the obstructive kidneys of Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ mice compared to Pfkfb3 WT mice. This was accompanied by a substantial decrease in macrophage infiltration, as well as a decrease of M1 and M2 macrophages and a suppression of macrophage to obtain myofibroblast phenotype in the obstructive kidneys of Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ mice. Mechanistic studies indicate that glycolytic metabolites stabilize HIF1α, leading to alterations in macrophage phenotype that contribute to renal fibrosis. In conclusion, our study implicates that targeting myeloid glycolysis represents a novel approach to inhibit renal fibrosis.


Assuntos
Nefropatias , Fosfofrutoquinase-2 , Animais , Camundongos , Fibrose , Glicólise , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo
2.
Cells ; 12(16)2023 08 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37626891

RESUMO

Renal fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic kidney diseases, is driven by the activation of renal fibroblasts. Recent studies have highlighted the role of glycolysis in this process. Nevertheless, one critical glycolytic activator, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), remains unexplored in renal fibrosis. Upon reanalyzing the single-cell sequencing data from Dr. Humphreys' lab, we noticed an upregulation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TGFß signaling pathway in myofibroblasts from fibrotic kidneys after unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or kidney ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, our experiments showed significant induction of PFKFB3 in mouse kidneys following UUO or kidney ischemia/reperfusion. To delve deeper into the role of PFKFB3, we generated mice with Pfkfb3 deficiency, specifically in myofibroblasts (Pfkfb3f/f/PostnMCM). Following UUO or kidney ischemia/reperfusion, a substantial decrease in fibrosis in the injured kidneys of Pfkfb3f/f/PostnMCM mice was identified compared to their wild-type littermates. Additionally, in cultured renal fibroblast NRK-49F cells, PFKFB3 was elevated upon exposure to TGFß1, accompanied by an increase in α-SMA and fibronectin. Notably, this upregulation was significantly diminished with PFKFB3 knockdown, correlated with glycolysis suppression. Mechanistically, the glycolytic metabolite lactate promoted the fibrotic activation of NRK-49F cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the critical role of PFKFB3 in driving fibroblast activation and subsequent renal fibrosis.


Assuntos
Nefropatias , Animais , Camundongos , Rim , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases , Fibroblastos , Glicólise
3.
Res Sq ; 2023 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37333081

RESUMO

Epigenetic regulations, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, play an important role in renal fibrosis. Here, we report the regulation of microRNA-219a-2 (mir-219a-2) by DNA methylation in fibrotic kidneys, unveiling the crosstalk between these epigenetic mechanisms. Through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and pyro-sequencing, we detected the hypermethylation of mir-219a-2 in renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or renal ischemia/reperfusion, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in mir-219a-5p expression. Functionally, overexpression of mir-219a-2 enhanced fibronectin induction during hypoxia or TGF-ß1 treatment of cultured renal cells. In mice, inhibition of mir-219a-5p suppressed fibronectin accumulation in UUO kidneys. ALDH1L2 was identified to be the direct target gene of mir-219a-5p in renal fibrosis. Mir-219a-5p suppressed ALDH1L2 expression in cultured renal cells, while inhibition of mir-219a-5p prevented the decrease of ALDH1L2 in UUO kidneys. Knockdown of ALDH1L2 enhanced PAI-1 induction during TGF-ß1 treatment of renal cells, which was associated with fibronectin expression. In conclusion, the hypermethylation of mir-219a-2 in response to fibrotic stress attenuates mir-219a-5p expression and induces the up-regulation of its target gene ALDH1L2, which may reduce fibronectin deposition by suppressing PAI-1.

4.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg ; 101(1): 68-71, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36580909

RESUMO

The vagus nerve has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. Understanding the nerve's internal anatomy, its variations, and relationship to the glossopharyngeal nerve are crucial for neurosurgeons decompressing the lower cranial nerves. We present a case report demonstrating the location of the parasympathetic fibres within the vagus nerve rootlets. A 47-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of medically refractory left-sided glossopharyngeal neuralgia and a more recent history of left-sided hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm. magnetic resonance imaging showed her left posterior inferior cerebellar artery distorting the lower cranial nerves on the affected left side. The patient consented to microvascular decompression of the lower cranial nerves with possible sectioning of the glossopharyngeal and upper sensory rootlets of the vagus nerve. During surgery, electrical stimulation of the most caudal rootlet of the vagus nerve triggered profound bradycardia. None of the more rostral rootlets had a similar parasympathetic response. This case is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of the location of the cardiac parasympathetic fibres within the human vagus nerve rootlets. This new understanding of the vagus nerve rootlets' distribution of pure sensory (most rostral), motor/sensory (more caudal), and parasympathetic (most caudal) fibres may lead to a better understanding and diagnosis of the vagal rhizopathies. Approximately 20% of patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia also have paroxysmal cough. This could be due to the anatomical juxtaposition of the IXth cranial nerve with the rostral vagal rootlets with pure sensory fibres (which mediate a tickling sensation in the lungs). A subgroup of patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia have neuralgia-induced syncope. The cause of this rare condition, "vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia," has been debated since it was first described by Riley in 1942. Our case supports the theory that this neuralgia-induced bradycardia is reflexively mediated through the brainstem with afferent impulses in the IXth and efferent impulses in the Xth cranial nerve. The rarer co-occurrence of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm (as seen in this case) may be explained by the proximity of the IXth nerve with the more caudal vagus rootlets which have motor (and probably sensory) supply to the throat. Finally, if there is a vagal rhizopathy related to compression of its parasympathetic fibres, one would expect it to be at the most caudal rootlet of the vagus nerve.


Assuntos
Doenças do Nervo Glossofaríngeo , Neuralgia , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bradicardia , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Doenças do Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Espasmo
5.
Handb Clin Neurol ; 186: 39-65, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35772897

RESUMO

There are many recent advances in intraoperative evoked potential techniques for mapping and monitoring neural function during surgery. In particular, somatosensory evoked potential optimization speeds surgical feedback, motor evoked potentials provide selective motor system information, and new visual evoked potential methods promise reliable visual system monitoring. This chapter reviews these advances and provides a comprehensive background for understanding their context and importance.


Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados/fisiologia , Humanos , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica
6.
Handb Clin Neurol ; 186: 407-431, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35772899

RESUMO

Thoraco-abdominal aneurysm (TAA) repair carries a significant risk of spinal cord infarction. The latter results from irreversible changes in the spinal cord arterial network, e.g., sacrifice of the segmental arteries. Intra-operative neurophysiology with somatosensory and especially motor evoked potential (SEP and MEP respectively) monitoring, has emerged as an effective tool to assess the efficiency of the collateral blood flow, detect reversible spinal cord ischemia and guide the peri-operative multidisciplinary management to prevent postoperative paraplegia. The main roles of such monitoring include diagnosis of spinal cord vs peripheral limb ischemia, titration of mean arterial pressure during aortic clamping, the guidance of selective re-implantation of critical segmental arteries, and management of hemodynamics in the immediate postoperative period. In addition, manipulation of the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta, adds the risk of cerebral infarction from both low flow state and/or thromboembolic events. As such, EEG monitoring may be a useful add-on for either assessment of the efficiency of cerebral cooling as a neuroprotective method and/or for detection and treatment of reversible cerebral ischemia. This chapter presents the multimodality approach to open TAA monitoring as a versatile tool for the prevention of devastating postoperative neurologic deficits.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Humanos , Isquemia , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Medula Espinal/irrigação sanguínea , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/prevenção & controle , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/cirurgia
7.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 35(10): 1676-1683, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32267558

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in colonoscopy has gained popularity in current times. Recent trials have evaluated the efficacy of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based AI system in colonoscopy for improving adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available studies to assess the impact of DCNN-based AI-assisted colonoscopy in improving the ADR and PDR. METHODS: We queried the following database for this study: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, and Computers and Applied Sciences. We only included randomized controlled trials that compared AI colonoscopy to standard colonoscopy (SC). Our outcomes included ADR and PDR. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effects model and DerSimonian-Laird approach for each outcome. RESULTS: A total of three studies with 2815 patients (1415 in SC group and 1400 in AI group) were included. AI colonoscopy resulted in significantly improved ADR (32.9% vs 20.8%, RR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80, P = < 0.001) and PDR (43.0% vs 27.8%, RR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.39-1.72, P = < 0.001) compared with SC. CONCLUSION: Given the results and limitations, the utility of AI colonoscopy holds promise and should be evaluated in more randomized controlled trials across different population, especially in patients solely undergoing colonoscopy for screening purpose as improved ADR will ultimately help in reducing incident colorectal cancer.


Assuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico , Inteligência Artificial , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Humanos
8.
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) ; 18(1): 34-40, 2020 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31065704

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Delayed facial palsy (DFP) after resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is worsening of facial nerve function after an initially normal postoperative result. OBJECTIVE: To characterize different types of DFP, compare recovery rates, and review of series of outcomes in patients following resection of VS. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2017, 434 patients (51% female) with VS underwent resection. We categorized the patients who developed facial palsy into groups based on timing of onset after surgery, immediate facial palsy (IFP), early-onset DFP (within 48 h), and late-onset DFP (after 48 h). Introduction of facial nerve motor-evoked potentials (fMEP) in 2002 and a change of practice utilizing perioperative minocycline in 2005 allowed for historical analysis of these interventions. RESULTS: Mean age of study cohort was 49.1 yr (range 13-81 yr), with 19.8% developing facial palsy. The late-onset DFP group demonstrated a significantly faster recovery than the early-onset DFP group (2.8 ± 0.5 vs 47 ± 8 wk, P < .0001), had prolonged latency to palsy onset after initiating perioperative minocycline (7.3 vs 12.5 d, P = .001), and had a nonsignificant trend towards faster recovery from facial palsy with use of minocycline (2.6 vs 3.4 wk, P = .11). CONCLUSION: Given the timings, it is likely axonal degeneration is responsible for early-onset DFP, while demyelination and remyelination lead to faster facial nerve recovery in late-onset DFP. Reported anti-apoptotic properties of minocycline could account for the further delay in onset of DFP, and possibly reduce the rate and duration of DFP in the surgical cohort.


Assuntos
Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/etiologia , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroma Acústico/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem
9.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg ; 97(4): 244-248, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31734659

RESUMO

The neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia includes microvascular decompression or rhizotomy of the nerve. When considering open section of the glossopharyngeal nerve, numerous authors have recommended additional sectioning of the 'upper rootlets' of the vagus nerve because these fibers can occasionally carry the pain fibers causing the patient's symptoms. Sacrifice of vagus nerve rootlets, however, carries the potential risk of dysphagia and dysphonia. In this study, the anatomy and physiology of the vagus nerve rootlets are characterized to provide guidance for surgical decision-making. Twelve patients who underwent posterior fossa craniotomy with intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of the vagus nerve rootlets were included in this study. In the 7 patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, the clinical outcomes and complications were further analyzed. In half of the patients, electrophysiological data demonstrated pure sensory function in the rostral rootlet(s) of the vagus nerve and motor responses in its caudal rootlets. This orientation of the vagus nerve, with some pure sensory function in its most rostral rootlet(s), was defined as Type A. In the other half of patients, all vagus nerve rootlets (including the most rostral) had motor responses. This was defined as Type B. The surgical strategy was guided by whether the patient had a Type A or Type B vagus nerve. For those with Type B, no vagus nerve rootlets were sacrificed. None of the patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia developed any permanent neurological deficits. We recommend intraoperative electrophysiological testing of the vagus nerve rootlets. If the testing reveals motor innervation in the rostral vagal rootlet (Type B), that rootlet may be decompressed but should not be sectioned to avoid a motor complication. Patients with pure sensory innervation of the rostral rootlet(s) (Type A) can have decompression or section of those rootlets without complication.


Assuntos
Doenças do Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Nervo Vago/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/fisiologia , Doenças do Nervo Glossofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Cirurgia de Descompressão Microvascular/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Medição da Dor/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Nervo Vago/fisiologia
10.
J Clin Monit Comput ; 33(2): 191-192, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30778916

RESUMO

The article Is the new ASNM intraoperative neuromonitoring supervision "guideline" a trustworthy guideline? A commentary, written by Stanley A. Skinner, Elif Ilgaz Aydinlar, Lawrence F. Borges, Bob S. Carter, Bradford L. Currier, Vedran Deletis, Charles Dong, John Paul Dormans, Gea Drost, Isabel Fernandez­Conejero, E. Matthew Hoffman, Robert N. Holdefer, Paulo Andre Teixeira Kimaid, Antoun Koht, Karl F. Kothbauer, David B. MacDonald, John J. McAuliffe III, David E. Morledge, Susan H. Morris, Jonathan Norton, Klaus Novak, Kyung Seok Park, Joseph H. Perra, Julian Prell, David M. Rippe, Francesco Sala, Daniel M. Schwartz, Martín J. Segura, Kathleen Seidel, Christoph Seubert, Mirela V. Simon, Francisco Soto, Jeffrey A. Strommen, Andrea Szelenyi, Armando Tello, Sedat Ulkatan, Javier Urriza and Marshall Wilkinson, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 05 January 2019 without open access. With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 30 January 2019 to © The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The original article has been corrected.

12.
Neurosurgery ; 80(3): E194-E200, 2017 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28362960

RESUMO

Background and importance: Lesions in the corticospinal tract above the decussation at the medullary pyramids almost universally produce contralateral deficits. Rare cases of supratentorial lesions causing ipsilateral motor deficits have been reported previously, but only ever found secondary to stroke or congenital pyramidal tract malformations. Clinical presentation: Herein, we report a case of ipsilateral corticospinal tract innervation discovered incidentally with intraoperative monitoring during a microsurgical resection of a vestibular schwannoma. Intraoperative monitoring with electrical transcranial stimulation of the frontal scalp triggered motor-evoked potentials in the ipsilateral arms. The uncrossed pathways were later confirmed with MRI tractography using diffusion tensor imaging. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isolated ipsilateral motor innervation of the corticospinal tract discovered incidentally during a neurosurgical procedure. Given the increasing use of intraoperative monitoring, this case underscores the importance of cautious interpretation of seemingly discordant neurophysiological findings. Once technical issues have been ruled out, ipsilateral motor innervation may be considered as a possible explanation and neurosurgeons should be aware of the existence of this rare anatomic variant.


Assuntos
Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Achados Incidentais , Tratos Piramidais/patologia , Adulto , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Tratos Piramidais/diagnóstico por imagem
13.
Otol Neurotol ; 37(8): 1162-7, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27525626

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transcranial electrical stimulation-induced facial motor-evoked potential (FMEP) monitoring of the facial nerve (FN) during vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor resection can predict both immediate and 1 year postoperative FN functional outcome. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive non-comparative observational case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Facial function, immediate post operation and at 1 year using House-Brackmann (HB) grading scale. METHODS: The study included 367 consecutive patients (men 178; women 189; age 13-81 years) monitored during primary sporadic VS microsurgery between November 2002 and April 2015. Neurofibromatosis type II, revision surgery, previous radiotherapy treatment, preoperative facial nerve weakness, and non-VS cases were excluded retrospectively during analysis of data. Data of facial function were missing from eight patients at 1 year and were excluded. The correlation between the final-to-baseline FMEP ratio and immediate and 1 year facial nerve function was examined. RESULTS: Using logistic regression model, the cut-off points of FMEP ratio were 0.62 (PPV 0.96) and 0.59 (PPV 0.98) which predicted satisfactory FN function (HB grades 1 or 2) immediately postoperative and at 1 year after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSION: Transcranial electrical stimulation FMEP is a valuable tool for monitoring facial nerve function during resection of vestibular schwannoma. Maintaining a FMEP event-to-baseline ratio of 60% or greater is predictive of satisfactory long-term FN function.


Assuntos
Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/prevenção & controle , Nervo Facial/fisiologia , Monitorização Neurofisiológica Intraoperatória/métodos , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Eletromiografia/métodos , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microcirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
14.
J Neurol Surg B Skull Base ; 77(3): 193-8, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27175312

RESUMO

Objectives Postoperative hearing preservation rates for patients with large vestibular schwannomas range from 0 to 43%. The clinical and radiographic factors predicting hearing preservation in smaller vestibular schwannomas are well described; however, their importance in larger tumors is unclear. We investigated factors predicting hearing preservation in large vestibular schwannomas. Design Retrospective review. Setting Quaternary care academic center. Participants A total of 85 patients with unilateral vestibular schwannomas > 3 cm underwent retrosigmoid resections. Main Outcomes Measures Preoperative and postoperative serviceable hearing rates. Methods Clinical and radiographic data including preoperative and postoperative audiograms, preoperative symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging features, and postoperative facial weakness were analyzed. Results Hearing was preserved in 41% of patients (17 of 42) with preoperative serviceable hearing. Hypertension and diabetes increased the likelihood of preoperative hearing loss. Preoperative tinnitus predicted a lower likelihood of hearing preservation. No radiographic factors predicted hearing preservation; however, larger tumor size, smaller fourth ventricular width, and the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid cleft surrounding the tumor predicted postoperative facial weakness. Conclusion Systemic comorbidities may influence hearing loss preoperatively in patients with large vestibular schwannomas. The absence of tinnitus may reflect hearing reserve and propensity for hearing preservation. Preoperative radiographic features did not predict hearing preservation despite some associations with postoperative facial weakness.

15.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg ; 90(3): 141-4, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22508038

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This paper describes the use of endotracheal tube surface electrodes to help delineate the sensory and motor vagal rootlets which may be sacrificed during the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. METHODS: Three patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia were studied. All patients had their procedure under general anesthesia and a nerve integrity monitor electromyography endotracheal tube (Medtronic Xomed, Jacksonville, Fla., USA) was inserted under direct vision by the anesthesiologist. A bipolar stimulating electrode identified which, if any, of the upper rootlets of the vagus nerve caused a motor contraction near the vocal cords (i.e. motor branch) and which did not cause contractions (i.e. sensory branch). Sectioning of the glossopharyngeal and any purely sensory rootlets of the vagus nerve was subsequently performed. RESULTS: All patients had immediate and long-lasting relief of their glossopharyngeal neuralgia. In all 3 patients, use of the bipolar stimulating electrode on the lower vagal rootlets induced a recordable muscle action potential in the region of the vocal cords with low current (<0.2 mA). There were no complications consequent to placement of the nerve integrity monitor endotracheal tube. CONCLUSION: Due to the ease of use and reduced trauma, compared to needle electrodes, we would advocate endotracheal tube surface electrode monitoring in all patients undergoing surgical treatment of their glossopharyngeal neuralgia or any intracranial procedure where the integrity of the vagal nerve is in jeopardy.


Assuntos
Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Eletrodos , Doenças do Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/cirurgia , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Prega Vocal/inervação
16.
J Neurosurg ; 108(1): 105-10, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18173318

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Tumor size is likely to be a major determinant of hearing preservation after surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Findings in some large case series have not supported this concept, possibly due to variation in the technique used for tumor measurement. The authors sought to determine if the length of tumor-cochlear nerve contact was predictive of hearing outcome in adults undergoing resection of a vestibular schwannoma. METHODS: Patients who underwent a hearing-preserving approach for resection of a vestibular schwannoma at one institution by a neurosurgeon/neurotologist team between 2001 and 2005 were screened. Patients with American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Class A or B hearing preoperatively were included. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed and used to calculate the length of tumor-cochlear nerve contact. Tumors were also measured according to AAO-HNS guidelines. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were included, 8 (26%) of whom had hearing preservation. Univariate analysis revealed that extracanalicular length of tumor-cochlear nerve contact (p = 0.0365), preoperative hearing class (p = 0.028), I-V interpeak latency of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (p = 0.021), and the interaural I-V interpeak latency difference (p = 0.018) were predictive of hearing outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed the predictive value of extra-canalicular length of contact and preoperative hearing class (p = 0.041 and p = 0.0235, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Vestibular schwannomas with greater lengths of tumor-cochlear nerve contact increase a patient's risk for hearing loss after surgery with attempted hearing preservation. Involvement of the internal auditory canal produces a constant risk of hearing loss. Data from the experience of a single surgical team can be used to estimate the probability of good hearing outcome for any given patient with serviceable hearing and a vestibular schwannoma.


Assuntos
Nervo Coclear/patologia , Nervo Coclear/cirurgia , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Adulto , Audiometria , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Neurosurgery ; 57(1 Suppl): 78-85; discussion 78-85, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15987572

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel monitoring technique that allows "functional" assessment of cranial nerve continuity during cranial base surgery. METHODS: Facial motor evoked potentials (MEP) in 71 consecutive patients were obtained by localized transcranial electrical stimulation in all patients requiring facial nerve monitoring during the period from November 2002 to August 2004. With transcranial electrical stimulation localized to the contralateral cortex, facial nerve MEPs are obtained through stimulation of more proximal intracranial structures. RESULTS: Logistic regression revealed that the final-to-baseline facial MEP ratio predicted satisfactory (House-Brackmann Grade 1 and 2 function) immediate postoperative facial function (0.005 > P > 0.0005). Contingency table analysis showed high correlation (chi2, P < or = 2 x 10(8)) and acceptable test characteristics using a 50% final-to-baseline MEP ratio. CONCLUSION: Facial nerve MEPs recorded intraoperatively during cranial base surgery using the proposed technique predicts immediate postoperative facial nerve outcome. This technique can also be used to monitor other motor cranial nerves in cranial base surgery.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Potencial Evocado Motor , Nervo Facial/fisiopatologia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Adulto , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/fisiopatologia , Nervos Cranianos/fisiopatologia , Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Craniotomia/métodos , Eletrodiagnóstico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Masculino
18.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 116(3): 588-96, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15721072

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To address the limitations of standard electromyography (EMG) facial nerve monitoring techniques by exploring the novel application of multi-pulse transcranial electrical stimulation (mpTES) to myogenic facial motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. METHODS: In 76 patients undergoing skull base surgery, mpTES was delivered through electrodes 1cm anterior to C1 and C2 (M1-M2), C3 and C4 (M3-M4) or C3 or C4 and Cz (M3/M4-Mz), with the anode contralateral to the operative side. Facial MEPs were monitored from the orbicularis oris muscle on the operative side. Distal facial nerve excitation was excluded by the absence of single pulse responses and by onset latency consistent with a central origin. RESULTS: M3/M4-Mz mpTES (n=50) reliably produced facial MEPs while M1-M2 (n=18) or M3-M4 (n=8) stimulation produced 6 technical failures. Facial MEPs could be successfully monitored in 21 of 22 patients whose proximal facial nerves were inaccessible to direct stimulation. Using 50, 35 and 0% of baseline amplitude criteria, significant facial deficits were predicted with a sensitivity/specificity of 1.00/0.88, 0.91/0.97 and 0.64/1.00, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Facial MEPs can provide an ongoing surgeon-independent assessment of facial nerve function and predict facial nerve outcome with sufficiently useful accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE: This method substantially improves facial nerve monitoring during skull base surgery.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Nervo Facial/fisiopatologia , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Base do Crânio/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Eletromiografia/métodos , Potencial Evocado Motor/efeitos da radiação , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/efeitos da radiação
19.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 74(5): S1873-6; discussion S1892-8, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12440684

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Postoperative paraplegia is one of the most dreaded complications after descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery. In this study, intraoperative monitoring was applied during resection of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms to detect spinal cord ischemia and help prevent paraplegia. METHODS: Fifty-six patients (descending thoracic, 25; thoracoabdominal, 31) were monitored intraoperatively with both motor- (MEP) and somatosensory- (SSEP) evoked potentials. MEPs were elicited with transcranial electrical stimulation and recorded from the spinal epidural space (D wave) or peripheral muscles (myogenic MEP). SSEPs were obtained with median and tibial nerve stimulation. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients (28.6%) showed MEP evidence of spinal cord ischemia, only 4 of whom had delayed congruent SSEP changes. In 13 patients (23.2%), ischemic changes in MEPs were reversed by reimplanting segmental arteries or increasing blood flow or blood pressure. None of these 13 patients suffered acute paraplegia regardless of the status of SSEP at the end of the procedure, but 1 of them developed delayed postoperative paraplegia after multisystem failure. Three patients (5.4%) who had persistent loss of MEPs despite of recovery of SSEPs awoke paraplegic. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that compared with SSEP, MEP, especially myogenic MEP, is more sensitive and specific in detection of spinal cord ischemia, and that intraoperative monitoring can indeed help prevent paraplegia.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/fisiopatologia , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico , Paraplegia/fisiopatologia , Paraplegia/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/fisiopatologia
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