Analysis of the spatial correlation pattern of logistics carbon emission efficiency and its influencing factors: the case of China.

As logistics carbon emission efficiency is an essential industry linking regions, investigating this issue from a spatial correlation perspective is practically significant. Utilizing data from 282 prefecture-level cities spanning 2006 to 2019, we used a super slacks-based measure model, a modified gravity model, motif analysis, the Infomap algorithm, and an exponential random graph model to analyze the spatial correlation patterns and influencing factors of logistics carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) The spatial correlation of logistics carbon emission efficiency during the study period exhibited a core-edge pattern, with the central region emerging as a high-correlation hub. (2) The scale of the spatial association network community of carbon emission efficiency in the logistics industry changed constantly, and the stability of the network community structure gradually increased. From a microstructural perspective, the dispersed-mode structure was a pivotal element in the formation of the spatial correlation network of logistics carbon emission efficiency. (3) Node interaction tendencies were a critical force driving network formation. Financial investment, government concern, international openness, population density, and innovation ability were conducive to the formation of spatial correlations of logistics carbon emission efficiency.

Novel Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Polymer with Polarity-Switchable Dual Wavelength for Accurate and Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Sensing.

Herein, we synthesized a novel porphyrinic covalent organic polymer (TPAPP-PTCA PCOP) for constructing a polarity-switchable dual-wavelength photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor with ferrocene (Fc) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as regulator and amplifier simultaneously. Interestingly, this new PCOP possessed both n-type and p-type semiconductor characteristics, which thus enabled the appearance of a dual-polarity photocurrent at two different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, Fc and H2O2 could readily switch the photocurrent of PCOP to the cathode and anode stemming from its efficient electron collection and donation function, respectively. Based on these, a PCOP-based PEC biosensor skillfully integrating dual wavelengths with reliable accuracy and polarity switch with high sensitivity was instituted. As a result, the developed PEC biosensor exhibited a low detection limit down to 0.089 pg mL-1 for the most powerful natural carcinogen aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) assay. Impressively, the target exhibited a completely opposite photocurrent difference to the interfering substances, and the linear correlation coefficient of the assay was improved compared to single-wavelength detection. The PEC sensing platform not only provided a basis for exploring multicharacteristic photoactive material but also innovatively developed the detection mode of the PEC biosensor.

Metal Porphyrin Complex Combined with Polymerization and Isomerization Cyclic Amplification for a Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Assay.

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPAPP) possesses good light-harvesting ability and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cathode response signal; however, the disadvantages of easy stacking and weak hydrophilicity limit its application as a signal probe in PEC biosensors. Based on these, we prepared a Fe3+ and Cu2+ co-coordinating photoactive material (TPAPP-Fe/Cu) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-like activity. The metal ions in the porphyrin center not only enabled the directional flow of photogenerated electrons between electron-rich porphyrin and positive metal ions within inner-/intermolecular layers but also accelerated electron transfer through a synergistic redox reaction of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) as well as rapid generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2-•) by mimicking catalytically produced and dissolved oxygen, thereby providing the desired cathode photoactive material with extremely high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Accordingly, by combining with toehold-mediated strand displacement (TSD)-induced single cycle and polymerization and isomerization cyclic amplification (PICA), an ultrasensitive PEC biosensor was constructed for the detection of colon cancer-related miRNA-182-5p. The ultratrace target could be converted to abundant output DNA by TSD possessing the desirable amplifying ability to trigger PICA for forming long ssDNA with repetitive sequences, thus decorating substantial TPAPP-Fe/Cu-labeled DNA signal probes for producing high PEC photocurrent. Meanwhile, the Mn(III) meso-tetraphenylporphine chloride (MnPP) was embedded in dsDNA to further exhibit a sensitization effect toward TPAPP-Fe/Cu and an acceleration effect analogous to that of metal ions in the porphyrin center above. As a result, the proposed biosensor displayed a detection limit as low as 0.2 fM, facilitating the development of high-performance biosensors and showing great potential in early clinical diagnosis.

Ferrocene-Based Artificial Interfacial Layer for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anodes: Continuous Regulation of Li+ Diffusion Behavior.

The diversified design of hybrid artificial layers is a promising method for suppressing the Li dendrite growth and maintaining high Colombic efficiency of lithium (Li) metal anode. Previously, various kinds of organic/inorganic hybrid artificial layers were constructed on the Li metal anode and possessed a positive effect on electrochemical performance. However, the tunable synthesis of artificial layers to continuously regulate the Li diffusion behavior remains a challenge. In this work, the Li diffusion behavior could be tuned by modulating the proportion of components (LiClO4, PMMA and ferrocene (Fc)) in the hybrid artificial layer (LF layer). After optimizing the proportion of each component, the resultant artificial SEI layer exhibits a high Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.66) and a high Young's modulus (4.8 GPa). Based on the excellent properties of the as-constructed Fc-based artificial SEI layer, a high-performance lithium anode with no volume effect and dendrite growth is achieved. The Li||Li symmetric cells with a Fc-based artificial SEI layer yielded a stable cycle performance for 1500 h with a high current density of 10 mA cm-2. The pouch cell with LF@Li anode coupled with high-loading LiFePO4 cathode (12.8 mg cm-2) exhibits excellent cyclic stability for 250 cycles with a capacity retention of 75% at 0.5C rate.

AuNPs/CdS QDs/CeO2 ternary nanocomposite coupled with scrollable three-dimensional DNA walker mediated cycling amplification for sensitive photoelectrochemical miRNA assay.

Herein, a novel ternary nanocomposite (AuNPs/CdS QDs/CeO2) with excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was synthesized as signal probe to construct a near-zero background biosensor for sensitive miRNA-182-5p detection, by integrating with a scrollable three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker mediated cleavage cycling amplification. Impressively, the formation and rolling of scrollable 3D DNA walker triggered by target could realize dynamic, rapid and specific digestion of hairpin DNA on electrode with the aid of Exonuclease III (Exo III), which thus exposed abundant binding sites for assembling stable DNA labeled AuNPs/CdS QDs/CeO2 nanoprobes. Thanks to the formation of type-II heterojunction (between CeO2 and CdS QDs) and Schottky junction (generated by CeO2 and AuNPs), an ideal photoelectric conversion efficiency accompanied with stunningly improved photocurrent was thus acquired for significantly improving the detection sensitivity. It turned out that the detection limit (LOD) of biosensor was ultralow (31 aM). Significantly, the proposed PEC biosensor would exhibit great potential for the composite as a splendid indicator and provide an avenue for constructing the sensing platform with excellent sensitivity and ultralow background.

Carbon dioxide emissions and Chinese OFDI: From the perspective of carbon neutrality targets and environmental management of home country.

Studies investigating the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the environment have focused predominantly on the effects of FDI on host country environments with less attention paid to the impact on home countries. This study turns its attention to the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on a home country's carbon dioxide emissions. We use three paths through which OFDI can affect the carbon dioxide emissions of a home country, including economic scale, technology level, and industry composition effects. Using a simultaneous equation model and panel data of 30 provinces of China for the period of 2003-2017, this study finds that OFDI is positively related to the carbon dioxide emissions of the home country, though the effects of emissions have weakened dynamically due the technology developments brought about by OFDI. More specifically, we find that both 'pollution haven' and 'pollution halo' effects existing in three different paths. The paths of industry composition and technology level show negative effects on carbon dioxide emissions, whilst the path of economic scale is positive. OFDI is also found to be negatively related to the carbon intensity of the home country.

A 3D-mixed ion/electron conducting scaffold prepared by in situ conversion for long-life lithium metal anodes.

Lithium (Li) metal is widely considered the most promising anode material because of its ultrahigh specific energy. However, the obvious volume change and uncontrollable dendrite growth hinder its commercial applications. Herein, we designed a 3D scaffold of Cu3P nanoarray-modified Cu foam via in situ conversion (3D MIECS). Uniform lithiophilic Cu3P nanoarrays were in situ grown inside the Cu foam (Cu3P NA@CF) that presented a high specific surface area and very low nucleation overpotential. Specifically, the lithiated Cu3P nanoarrays possess the features of mixed ion/electron conductivity and structural stability responsible for uniform Li deposition in the whole three-dimensional space of the metal skeleton, showing scarcely any volume expansion or structural collapse during the continuous Li plating/stripping process. Therefore, the modified Cu foam host achieves dendrite-free cycling over 600 cycles at a current density of 3 mA cm-2 with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.1%. A 3D MIECS-Li||LiFePO4 full cell holds a capacity retention of 80% with a stable CE of 99.63% over 1000 cycles at 3 C.

Inducing the Formation of In Situ Li3N-Rich SEI via Nanocomposite Plating of Mg3N2 with Lithium Enables High-Performance 3D Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Lithium metals fit the growing demand of high-energy density rechargeable batteries because of their high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, the lithium-metal anodes are abandoned because of various defects. In this study, we apply composite plating into the protection of lithium-metal anodes. We confirmed that the Mg3N2 nanoparticle dispersed in the ether electrolyte can be easily composite-plated with lithium, resulting in a flat, dense, and dendrite-free lithium deposition layer during the electrodeposition process. In addition, the Mg3N2 plated in the lithium metal phase would react with lithium and then generate a Li3N-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, mitigating continuous side reactions of the electrolyte on the Li metal. In addition, another product of the reaction is Mg which can work as lithiophilic sites in electrodeposition. The combined effect of the two fields can effectively improve the performance of lithium metal anodes. The Li3N-rich SEI layer would grow well on the surface of the three-dimensional (3D) lithium anode by composite plating. Furthermore, composite plating with the Mg3N2-containing electrolyte is a viable route that can be used for various 3D current collectors easily with a small volume effect. Here, we show that the composite plating 3D lithium metal anode is successfully applied in the Li-S battery with a long lifetime.

Encapsulating Metallic Lithium into Carbon Nanocages Which Enables a Low-Volume Effect and a Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode.

Metallic lithium (Li), with its high capacity and low redox potential, shows significant development potential for high-energy-density Li batteries. Unfortunately, huge volumetric changes, uncontrollable Li dendrites, and interfacial parasitic reactions limit its commercial application. Herein, we demonstrate a rational strategy of encapsulating metallic Li into the interior spaces of hollow carbon (C) nanocages for dendrite-free Li metal anodes. We find that the poly(vinylidene difluoride)-binder-modified thin-layer C walls on the C nanocages can guide Li deposition into the interior spaces of these hollow C nanocages and simultaneously reduce the interfacial parasitic reactions between deposited Li metal and an electrolyte. In addition, because of the high specific surface area and huge interior spaces of the C nanocages, the local current density can be reduced and large volume changes are mitigated. Specifically, this electrode exhibits negligible volume changes at 1.0 mAh/cm2 and a 14.9% volume change at 3.0 mAh/cm2. The copper (Cu) foil electrode exhibits 87.9% and 234.3% volume changes at the corresponding deposition capacities. Consequently, a C-nanocage-modified electrode exhibits an outstanding Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% for nearly 150 cycles at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2, while a Cu foil electrode exhibits less than a 70.0% Coulombic efficiency after only 43 cycles. When paired with a sulfur cathode, the C-nanocage-modified electrode exhibits better cycling and rate performances than the pristine Cu foil electrode.