Correlation and consistency of three methods for tear evaluation in the diagnosis of dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the correlation and consistency of three tear assessment methods in the diagnosis of dry eye, which include the Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and a new generation of tear detection technology-Strip meniscometry tube(SMTube).METHODS: A diagnostic test study. A total of 183 dry eye outpatients(183 right eyes)in the Dry Eye Center of Henan Eye Hospital were enrolled from May to June 2021. The SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were performed on all patients, and the correlation and consistency of the measurement results were analyzed.RESULTS:The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)of all included patients was 43.75(31.25, 58.33), noninvasive breakup time(NIBUT)was 7.26(4.97, 9.37)s, and the results of SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were 6(2, 12)mm/5min, 0.18(0.14, 0.22)mm and 5(3,8)mm/5s, respectively; The results of correlation analysis: TMH was positively correlated with SMTube(rs=0.751, P<0.001), however, SⅠt had no correlation with TMH(rs=0.139, P=0.060)and SMTube(rs=0.019, P=0.799). The results of consistency analysis: TMH showed good consistency with SMTube(Kappa=0.794, P=0.044), however, SⅠt showed poor consistency with TMH(Kappa=0.271, P=0.074)and SMTube(Kappa=0.193, P=0.070)respectively.CONCLUSION:SMTube is a new, simple and convenient tool for evaluating tear volume. It has a good correlation and consistency with TMH measurement results. Therefore, it can replace TMH measurement, but cannot replace SⅠt in clinical application.

Risk factors of progressive brain contusion and relationship with outcome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of progressive brain contusion and to evaluate their impact on patients' outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty two patients with traumatic brain contusion were enrolled in the study, including 70 cases with progressive contusion and 62 cases with non-progressive contusion. The risk factors were investigated with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analysis showed that Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at admission, contusion volume at the first brain CT scans, midline shift, combined with skull fracture, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, location of brain contusion, D-dimer levels, combined with type 2 diabetes were associated with progressive brain contusion. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that GCS at admission, contusion volume at the first CT scans, combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage, combined with type 2 diabetes were the independent risk factors for disease progression. The outcome in the progressive group was more aggravated than that in non-progressive group (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with disturbance of consciousness, the larger contusion volume, combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage and diabetes are at risk for progressive brain contusion and unfavorable outcome.</p>

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased diastolic blood pressure among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been confirmed as a factor influencing arterial blood pressure. In the present study, we studied whether cigarette smoking habits were still associated with arterial blood pressure among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians. METHODS: The present study analyzed data from a survey conducted on all residents aged 90 years or more in the DuJiangYan district (in total 2,311,709 inhabitants) in 2005. RESULTS: The individuals included in the statistical analysis were 216 men and 445 women. Individuals who were heavy smokers (76.62 ± 13.28 mmHg) had higher diastolic blood pressure, compared with medium and light smokers (72.33 ± 12.98 and 70.28 ± 10.31 mmHg) (F = 3.551, p = 0.030). There was a higher prevalence of diastolic hypertension (21.62% vs 5.75% and 7.14%, χ(2 =) 6.302, p = 0.043). Furthermore, there was a higher risk for diastolic hypertension in heavy smokers (OR = 3.886, 95% CI 1.241-12.161) (adjusted) compared with medium (OR = 1.475, 95% CI 0.599-3.360) and light smokers (1.00 reference). There was, however, no significant difference in systolic blood pressure or prevalence of systolic hypertension among the different smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found that among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians, heavy smoking (current or former) could increase diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of diastolic hypertension, but was not associated with changes in systolic blood pressure.

Cigarette smoking and its association with serum lipid/lipoprotein among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking had been confirmed as an increased risk for dyslipidemia, but none of the evidence was from long-lived population. In present study, we detected relationship between cigarette smoking habits and serum lipid/lipoprotein (serum Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) among Chinese Nonagenarians/Centenarian. METHODS: The present study analyzed data from the survey that was conducted on all residents aged 90 years or more in a district, there were 2,311,709 inhabitants in 2005. Unpaired Student's t test, χ2 test, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze datas. RESULTS: The individuals included in the statistical analysis were 216 men and 445 women. Current smokers had lower level of TC (4.05 ± 0.81 vs. 4.21 ± 0.87, t = 2.403, P = 0.017) and lower prevalence of hypercholesteremia (9.62% vs. 15.13%, χ2 = 3.018,P = 0.049) than nonsmokers. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions showed that cigarette smoking was not associated with risk for abnormal serum lipid/lipoprotein. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found that among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians, cigarette smoking habits were not associated with increased risk for dyslipidemia, which was different from the association of smoking habits with dyslipidemia in general population.