Effect of tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) exposure on expression of HSP90ß1 in the river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus): Evidences for its immunologic function involving in exploring process.

HSP90ß1 (known as glyco-protein 96, GP96) is a vital endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depended chaperonin among the HSPs (heat shock proteins) family. Furthermore, it always processes and presents antigen of the tumor and keeps balance for the intracellular environment. In the present study, we explored the effect of tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) exposure on HSP90ß1 expression in river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. The full length of To-HSP90ß1 was gained with 2775 bp in length, with an ORF (open reading frame) encoding an 803 aa polypeptide. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and showed the close relationship to other fish species. The HSP90ß1 mRNA transcript was expressed in all tissues investigated with higher level in the gill and liver. After the acute and chronic exposure of TBT-Cl, the To-HSP90ß1 mRNA transcript significantly was up-regulated in gills. Moreover, the histology study indicated the different injury degree of TBT-Cl in liver and gill. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining results implied the cytoplasm reorganization after TBT-Cl stress and the function of immunoregulation for To-HSP90ß1 to TBT-Cl exposure. All the results indicated that HSP90ß1 may be involved in the resistance to the invasion of TBT-Cl for keeping autoimmune homeostasis.

Expression of PTEN protein and its correlation with p27kip1 and cyclin D1 expression in primary breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosometen ten (PTEN) protein, a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer and its correlation with p27(kip1) and cyclin D1 expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PTEN protein expression, p27(kip1) and cyclin D1 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method in paraffin sections from 61 women with primary breast cancer. PTEN protein expression was compared with clinico-pathologic parameters as related to p27(kip1) and cyclin D1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PTEN, being shown in the cytoplasm, was negative in 6.6% (4/61), reduced in 41.0% (25/61) and positive in 52.5% (32/61) samples. PTEN expression level was correlated with axillary lymph node status, loss of estrogen receptor stain, recurrence and metastasis. On univariate analysis, the disease-free survival rate of patients with higher PTEN expression (> 50% cells stained) was better than those with lower expression (P = 0.0101). However, there was no correlation between p27(kip1), cyclin D1 expression or PTEN expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PTEN, its lower expression being correlated with poor outcome of breast cancer patients, plays a prominent role in breast cancer. p27(kip1) or cyclin D1 may not be the primary downstream genes of PTEN in breast cancer.</p>