Leiomioma como simulador de neoplasia maligna uterina: reporte de un caso / Leiomyoma as a simulator of uterine malignant neoplasms: a case report

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama puede originar de forma muy excepcional metástasis en órganos genitales. Estas suelen presentarse de forma asintomática siendo su diagnóstico generalmente tardío. En el estudio de la enfermedad diseminada la tomografía de emisión de positrones con fluordeoxiglucosa asociada a la tomografía computada (FDG PET/CT) juega un rol importante, sin embargo presenta limitantes al momento de diferenciar entre lesiones secundarias, primarias y neoplasias benignas que pueden tener elevada captación de fluordeoxiglucosa (1). Por lo expuesto anteriormente el diagnóstico de certeza solo puede realizarse mediante el estudio anatomopatológico. El caso presentado a continuación abarca uno de los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales con FDG PET/CT que evidencia un incremento en la captación de fluordeoxiglucosa.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer rarely metastasize on pelvic organs and its diagnosis is often delayed due to the asymptomatic nature of this disease. Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG PET/CT) is a useful method for early diagnosis. However, may present a false positive diagnosis from benign lesions that have an increased uptake of glucose. We present a case in which a patient who had breast cancer had an increase glucose uptake in FDG PET/CT from a benign lesion.

Preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells with deferoxamine increases the production of pro-angiogenic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors: Potential application in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. Evidence from diabetic animal models and diabetic patients suggests that reduced availability of neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic factors in the nerves in combination with a chronic pro-inflammatory microenvironment and high level of oxidative stress, contribute to the pathogenesis of DN. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest as therapeutic agents for regenerative purposes, since they can secrete a broad range of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory factors. Therefore, the use of the MSC secretome may represent a promising approach for DN treatment. Recent data indicate that the paracrine potential of MSCs could be boosted by preconditioning these cells with an environmental or pharmacological stimulus, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we observed that the preconditioning of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) with 150µM or 400µM of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFX) for 48 hours, increased the abundance of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in a concentration dependent manner, without affecting MSC morphology and survival. Activation of HIF-1α led to the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor alpha and angiopoietin 1. Furthermore this preconditioning increased the expression of potent neuroprotective factors, including nerve growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, and cytokines with anti-inflammatory activity like IL4 and IL5. Additionally, we observed that these molecules, which could also be used as therapeutics, were also increased in the secretome of MSCs preconditioned with DFX compared to the secretome obtained from non-preconditioned cells. Moreover, DFX preconditioning significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of the MSC secretome and they showed neuroprotective effects when evaluated in an in vitro model of DN. Altogether, our findings suggest that DFX preconditioning of AD-MSCs improves their therapeutic potential and should be considered as a potential strategy for the generation of new alternatives for DN treatment.