Effect of combined aerobic-resistance training and subsequent detraining on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: In this study, we assessed the effects of a 12-week combined aerobic-resistance training and subsequent detraining on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and mediating role of BDNF and also investigated whether exercise-induced alterations are maintained following a short period of detraining in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four women with T2D were randomly assigned to experimental or control group (age: 60.6 ± 6.3, body mass index (BMI): 30.2 ± 1.3 kg/m2 , HbA1c: 8.09 ± 0.73%). The exercise training comprised of combined aerobic-resistance programme (50%-70% heart rate reserve for aerobic exercise, and 50%-70% 1 repetition maximum for resistance exercise, respectively) performed three sessions per week over 12 weeks. The intervention period was followed by an 8-week detraining period. Data were collected at baseline and also following exercise intervention and detraining. Data were analysed by linear mixed model at p < 0.05. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of combined exercise training and 8 weeks of detraining, there was a significant difference in BDNF (0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07-0.10; p = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-45.41; CI = -50.83, -39.98; p = 0.001), insulin (-6.47; CI = -7.04, -5.9; p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (-3.76; CI = -4.07, -3.45; p = 0.001) and BDI score (-17.17; CI = -20.29, -14.05; p = 0.001) between the experimental and control group. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that BDNF seems to have a mediating role in exercise-induced improvement of depression (p = 0.04). After the detraining period, BDI score remained unchanged and it showed a significant increase compared to before the start of training (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that exercise training improves depression that is likely to be explained by increased BDNF concentration in TD2. In spite of decreased BDNF concentration following an 8-week detraining, depression score was maintained.

Generic vs. small-sided game training in futsal: Effects on aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and agility.

The aim of this study was to compare a 6-week conditioning training program based on Small Sided and conditioning game (SSG) and based on traditional and generic fitness the aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and agility of young futsal players. It was also aim of this study to compare the variations on the internal load markers (heart rate and perceived exertion) between both training programs. Twenty youth players (age: 18.6 ±â€¯0.5 years old) were randomly assigned to SSG (n = 12) and generic fitness training (GFT) group (n = 8). Each group performed workouts with equal duration and intensities. Participants completed a VO2max treadmill test, the Wingate test and an agility test pre and post training period. Training heart rate and Rate Perceived Exertion (RPE) were used as internal load markers during the training program. There was a significant difference in training load (RPE) between two groups in all types of training but not in the heart rate. Despite significant improvements (p < .05) from pre to post tests in all measured indicators except minimum power, there was no significant changes between groups for agility, anaerobic, and aerobic parameters (p > .05). SSG-based program provided a similar heart rate stimulus on players comparing to GFT program and both programs meaningfully improved the fitness parameters of the young futsal players. Moreover, SSG-based program also resulted in better technical performance, thus representing an effective alternative to generic fitness training for the development of aerobic capacity and anaerobic power in futsal.