3D Virtual Planning for Rhinoplasty Using a Free Add-On for Open-Source Software.

BACKGROUND: Rhinoplasty is one of the most frequent aesthetic surgeries; the procedure can be challenging for inexperienced surgeons, and positive outcomes depend on good communication with the patient, proper planning, and precise execution. Three-dimensional (3D) technology has emerged to address these issues, but specific software for 3D planning tends to be expensive. OBJECTIVES: This study presents a simple, low-cost method for 3D simulation to plan rhinoplasty. METHODS: This preliminary report describes 3D rhinoplasty planning in a series of 3 cases employing free software and an add-on especially developed for rhinoplasty (Blender and RhinOnBlender, respectively). The photogrammetry protocol, which can be performed easily with a smartphone, is described in detail along with all the steps in 3D planning. RESULTS: The software and add-on automated the process, making the tool environment accessible to surgeons who are not familiar with graphic design software. The surgeries were uneventful in all cases, and the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: 3D graphic technology has provided significant advances in health research, improvement, and teaching for surgeons and communication between surgeons and patients. Free open-source software and add-ons are excellent options that offer proven utility, affordability, and ease of utilization to healthcare providers.

Use of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose for soft-tissue augmentation: preliminary clinical studies.

PURPOSE: The continual search for new products for soft-tissue augmentation has in recent years led to the introduction of long lasting alternatives to hyaluronic acids and collagen that are composed of other polymers able to improve clinical persistence over time. This is the first report in which sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been chemically treated by the cross-linking process and thus used as a hydrogel for soft-tissue augmentation through injection with thin needles. The study evaluates, from a clinical point of view, the behavior of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel used in the aesthetic field and its side effects so as to check the safety and performance of the polymer following intradermal injections. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This work shows the preliminary results of an ongoing clinical study conducted between 2006 and 2009, performed on 84 healthy volunteers (62 females, 22 males) aged between 18 and 72 years, for the treatment of 168 nasolabial folds, 45 perioral wrinkles, and 39 lip volume. RESULTS: Study results show an excellent correction of facial defects. Tolerance and aesthetic quality of the correction obtained indicate considerable safety features and absence of side effects. From a clinical point of view, hydrogel is gradually absorbed into the injection site without migration issues. CONCLUSION: Cross-linked CMC hydrogel proves to be an ideal agent for soft tissue augmentation with regard to safety and ease of application. It did not cause infection, extrusion, migration, or adverse reactions in the patients who have been followed for two years. Delayed aesthetic results on facial wrinkles were very satisfactory.