Transradial Approach to Cerebral Aneurysm Occlusion in a Patient with an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Retroesophageal right subclavian artery, aberrant right subclavian artery, or lusoria artery constitutes an anatomical variation with a very low prevalence in the general population. Its presence in a patient does not add difficulty for cerebral arteries catheterization when a femoral approach is used, but may make the catheterization of cerebral vessels difficult when a right transradial approach is used. Unfortunately, this type of configuration of the artery is discovered after the decision to use the type of approach. CASE REPORT A 60-year-old woman with a diagnosed subarachnoid hemorrhage was studied with angiography through a transradial approach. A left carotid bifurcation aneurysm was diagnosed after three-vessel angiography was performed with a Simmons type 2 catheter, making a complete loop between the right subclavian artery, aortic arc, and left carotid artery. The ruptured cerebral aneurysm was completely occluded with 8 coils. The microcatheter used for the procedure emerged from the tip of an intermediate catheter located at the union of the vertical and horizontal segment of the petrous segment of the left carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery during cerebral angiography performed through a right transradial approach renders the treatment of a left carotid cerebral aneurysms more difficult but not impossible. Utilizing an appropriate intermediate catheter allows for stable navigation of the microcatheter and complete treatment of the aneurysm. This is the first report of cerebral aneurysm embolization through a right transradial approach in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery.

Outpatient treatment of cerebral aneurysms: A case series.

BACKGROUND: Major advances in the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms have reduced the incidence of intra- and postprocedural complications. The length of stay after treatment for incidental aneurysms remains between early next-day discharge and 2 days. We hypothesized that discharging patients the same day would not be associated with any increase in the rate of postdischarge adverse events. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent an elective coiling procedure between 2015 and 2020 at three centers and were discharged from hospital on the same day as the procedure. Patients were clinically evaluated 6 h, 1 week, and 6 months after the procedure, with repeat cerebral angiography performed 1 year after the procedure. RESULTS: Eleven eligible patients underwent outpatient treatment of 12 aneurysms treated through the wrist. No complications were identified within 1 week of the procedure. Clinical evaluation 6 months after treatment also failed to reveal any complication associated with the procedure. Only one of the seven patients who underwent 1 year angiography required retreatment. CONCLUSION: It is possible to safely perform coiled embolization of cerebral aneurysms in select outpatients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Transradial approach and its variations for neurointerventional procedures: Literature review.

BACKGROUND: The transfemoral approach (TFA) has been the standard in neuroradiology over the years. However, the transradial approach (TRA) and its variants offer several benefits over the TFA. METHODS: Review of the literature about TRA and its variations. We present our results for different neurointerventional procedures at our institution between January 2018 and December 2019. RESULTS: We wrote an educational review describing anatomical and technical aspects, advantages, and complications of this approach. In the past year we increased the percentage of neurointerventional procedures performed through radial or ulnar arteries. CONCLUSION: There are clearly proven benefits of employing a wrist approach in patients for neurointerventional procedures and its utilization should especially be considered on a daily basis.

Distal radial approach for neurointerventional diagnosis and therapy.

BACKGROUND: The transradial approach results in fewer complications at the puncture site, lower hospital costs, and greater comfort for patients. The distal transradial approach (dTRA) adds some benefits over the conventional radial approach. The objective is to describe initial experience with distal radial approach technique and the results obtained for neuroendovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. METHODS: Description of distal radial approach technique and obtained data from the first 3 months experience using this approach as the first choice for neuroendovascular procedures in two neuroendovascular centers. RESULTS: Of the total of 94 procedures performed during 3 months, 67 were diagnostic and 27 were therapeutic. Eleven (16%) of the diagnostic procedures were performed through the dTRA. Of the 27 embolizations, eight (30%) were done using this approach. Every distal radial approach that was performed for diagnosis and therapeutics was successful. CONCLUSION: Puncture of the radial artery within the anatomical snuffbox is a radial approach variation option for diagnostic and therapeutic neuroendovascular procedures.

Transradial approach for endovascular diagnosis and treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: A descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: For cardiovascular procedures, the transradial approach has been documented to yield fewer complications than the femoral approach. It has become the approach of choice for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions involving the coronary arteries. However, few published data exist on using this approach for neuroendovascular procedures and we describe a series of ruptured cerebral aneurysms diagnosed and treated using the transradial approach. METHODS: All patients scheduled for cerebral angiography to diagnose and treat subarachnoid hemorrhages at our hospital from June 2016 to May 2018, by right radial artery access, were recruited and followed prospectively. The main outcomes of interest were the length of the procedure (in minutes), the success of treatment, and the incidence of postprocedural complications. RESULTS: Over the observation period, 59 patients (66% women, mean age = 48 years) with a combined 61 aneurysms treated were identified who met inclusion criteria. Of the 61 aneurysms treated, eight (13%) were within the posterior circulation (13%) and 53 (87%) the anterior circulation. Average procedural duration was 64.9 min. No occlusion or spasm of the radial artery was observed during any procedure. All patients had immediate pre- and post-embolization angiography, which revealed the guide catheter coming from the right subclavian artery. A radial pulse was evident after all interventions. All procedures were considered successful at treating the ruptured aneurysm, and no patient experienced a clinically significant complication related to the approach. CONCLUSIONS: The transradial approach is a viable option for the diagnosis and endovascular treatment of acute cerebral aneurysms in different locations.

Transradial approach to treating endovascular cerebral aneurysms: Case series and technical note.

BACKGROUND: Several benefits have been described over the years of the transradial versus femoral endovascular approach to cardiac interventions. Consequently, its use has become habitual at most centers that perform cardiac catheterizations. This paper details a right transradial approach, incorporating a variety of coils or flow diverters, which can be utilized for the endovascular treatment of different cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: From 2014 to 2016, we performed 40 endovascular procedures to treat cerebral aneurysms adopting the same right transradial approach. Five aneurysms were treated with flow diverters and 35 were treated with coils. Seven of these aneurisms were asymptomatic, whereas 33 had already ruptured. RESULTS: Satisfactory treatment was achieved in all cases through the same approach in the absence of any complications. CONCLUSIONS: A right transradial approach may be satisfactory for the endovascular treatment of different cerebral aneurysms, including aneurysms in either hemisphere. This is the largest series of cerebral aneurysms treated through a transradial approach.

Fístula dural cavernosa. presentación de 3 casos y revisión bibliográfica / Cavernous dural fistula. presentation of 3 cases and bibliographic review

Objetivo: Describir la etiología, forma de presentación, evolución y conducta terapéutica adoptada en tres casos de fístulas durales cavernosas (FDC) y realizar una revisión bibliográfíca. Materiales y métodos: Se presentan tres casos de FDC, una, post-traumática; otra, secundaria a trombosis del seno cavernoso contralateral; y la tercera sin causa conocida. Todos los pacientes se presentaron con proptosis, diplopía, quemosis, ptosis palpebral e inyección conjuntival. Dos de ellos referían disminución de la agudeza visual. Ante la sospecha clínica, se realizaron estudios por imágenes no invasivos en dos pacientes, y el diagnóstico fue confirmado por angiografía digital cerebral en los tres casos. La conducta terapéutica consistió en la oclusión del seno cavernoso con coils a través de un acceso venoso femoral transoftálmico en el primer caso, anticoagulación como tratamiento de la trombosis de seno cavernoso contralateral en el segundo y compresión ocular diaria por 3 meses en el tercero. Resultados: En todos los casos, se logró la resolución completa de los síntomas. Conclusiones: La FDC es una entidad diferenciada del resto de las fístulas durales. Se dispone de diversas estrategias terapéuticas, con resultados favorables. También se observa una alta tasa de remisión espontánea. En dos de los casos presentados, el manejo de forma conservadora fue eficaz para la resolución del cuadro. En el caso que requirió tratamiento endovascular para el cierre de la fistula, el acceso por vía venosa femoral transoftálmica constituyó un abordaje efectivo para lograr la oclusión de la misma.

Objective: To describe the etiology, presentation, evolution and therapeutic approach adopted in three cases of dural cavernous fistulas (DCCF) and to perform a literature review.Materials and methods: Three cases of DCCF are report, one, post-traumatic lession; another secondary to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis; and the third with unknown etiology. All patients presented with proptosis, diplopia, chemosis, ptosis and conjunctival injection. Two of them concerned vision impairment. Noninvasive imaging studies were performed in two patients, and the diagnosis were confirmed by cerebral angiography digital in all three cases. The therapeutic approach consisted of cavernous sinus occlusion with coils through a femoral venous access in the first case, anticoagulation treatment of contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis in the second and ocular compression daily for 3 months in the third. Results: Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in all cases.Conclusions: The FDC is a distinct entity from the rest of the dural fistulas. It has several therapeutic strategies, with favorable results. A high rate of spontaneous remission is also observed. In two cases, conservative management was effective in the resolution of the picture. In the case requiring endovascular treatment for closure of the fistula, femoral vein transoftálmic acces was an effective approach to achieve occlusion of it.

Angiografía cerebral por abordaje transradial. experiencia inicial y resultados / Cerebral angiography by transradial approach. initial experience and results

Introducción: El abordaje transradial es utilizado en forma rutinaria para la realización de angiografías coronarias y en menor medida cerebrales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la experiencia inicial de este abordaje realizado en un centro. Material y métodos: Realizamos una revisión de todas las angiografías cerebrales diagnósticas realizadas en forma consecutiva en el Hospital El Cruce, entre julio y diciembre de 2015, y los resultados obtenidos mediante el abordaje transradial. Se calculó la proporción de estudios realizados por esta vía, el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria de los pacientes y la ocurrencia de complicaciones asociadas al mismo. La elección del abordaje se realizó de acuerdo a la decisión del operador. Resultados: Entre julio y diciembre de 2015, se realizaron 89 angiografías cerebrales en pacientes de 14 a 80 años. Los abordajes realizados por punción de la arteria radial fueron 45 (50,56%) y en todos los casos se logró el diagnóstico adecuado de la anatomía vascular. No se observaron complicaciones asociadas al abordaje. La estadía del paciente luego de la angiografía fue en promedio de 75 min. Conclusiones: El abordaje transradial permitió el estudio de todas las arterias cerebrales en todos los pacientes sometidos al mismo. No hubo limitaciones para realizar este abordaje en relación a sexo ni edad. El tiempo de estadía posterior al procedimiento fue similar al promedio descripto en la literatura con este abordaje. No se observaron complicaciones severas asociadas a esta vía.

Introduction: The transradial approach is routinely used to perform both coronary and, to a lesser extent, cerebral angiographic studies. The aim of this study was to review our experience with this approach.Methods: We review all diagnostic cerebral angiographies performed consecutively in the El Cruce Hospital between July and December 2015 and the results obtained using the transradial approach. The proportion of studies conducted in this way, the length of hospital stay of patients and the occurrence of complications associated with it are calculated. The choice of approach was performed according to the decision of the operator.Results: Between July and December 2015, 89 cerebral angiograms were performed in patients between 14 and 80 years old. Of these, 45 (50.6%) were performed utilizing a transradial approach. No complications were observed associated with this technique. The patient's mean stay post angiogram was 75 minutes. Moreover, all the studies performed via the transradial approach allowed for the adequate diagnosis of cerebral vessels anatomy.Conclusions: In our experience performing cerebral angiographies, the transradial approach is associated with complete studies, a negligible complication rate and a short stay post-procedure. No important complications were observed with this approach.

Buenos Aires experience with the Neuroform self-expanding stent for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECT: The authors report their experience with the use of the Neuroform Microdelivery System for intravascular reconstruction. They assess the technical feasibility of the system, the efficacy of the combined application of stent and detachable coils, and the follow-up findings. METHODS: Fifty patients found to harbor a complex wide-necked intracranial aneurysm were selected for the study. Different strategies were chosen and the performance and technical success of the device were evaluated. Stent placement was recorded as optimal or suboptimal with respect to the stent position. Clinical and angiographic follow-up examinations were obtained. Forty-six patients with 48 intracranial aneurysms were treated, leading to a technical success rate of 92%. Forty-two lesions were located in the anterior circulation. In every case the dome/neck ratio was less than 2 and the mean aneurysm size in these patients was 8.8 mm. The most frequent clinical presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage in 48% of cases. Stent placement was optimal in 81.2% of cases and suboptimal in 18.8%. In 31% of cases, the investigators encountered difficulties in placing the Neuroform stent. Clinical follow up was recorded in all patients and angiographic follow up was obtained in 63%. There were no cases of repeated hemorrhage. In a single case in which only the stent was implanted progressive thrombosis was identified during the follow-up period. The procedure-related morbidity and mortality rates were 8.6 and 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results, the authors conclude that the Neuroform self-expanding stent is a flexible and useful device that can be readily and safely maneuvered through tortuous intracranial vessels, enabling the endovascular treatment of complex wide-necked aneurysms. Early in the authors' experience, stent delivery presented difficulties; however, a second generation of devices has resolved this limitation. Although the early results are promising, the long-term benefit of this technique has to be proved by angiographic and clinical follow-up examinations.