[Barrier dysfunction and Guillain-Barre syndrome as exponents of endothelial damage in COVID-19]. / Disfunción de barrera y síndrome de Guillain-Barré como exponentes del daño endotelial en la COVID-19.

TITLE: Disfunción de barrera y síndrome de Guillain-Barré como exponentes del daño endotelial en la COVID-19.

[Oxidative stress and epigenetics in obesity, metabolic syndrome and olfactory perception]. / Estrés oxidativo y epigenética en la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la percepción olfativa.

TITLE: Estrés oxidativo y epigenética en la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la percepción olfativa.

[Neurodevelopment and late prematurity]. / Neurodesarrollo y prematuridad tardía.

TITLE: Neurodesarrollo y prematuridad tardía.

[New evidence and challenges on chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy]. / Nuevas evidencias y retos sobre neuropatia optica inflamatoria recurrente cronica.

TITLE: Nuevas evidencias y retos sobre neuropatia optica inflamatoria recurrente cronica.

[Non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke hypertensive patients, a therapeutic hope]. / Pacientes hipertensos con ictus isquemico no cardioembolico, una esperanza terapeutica.

TITLE: Pacientes hipertensos con ictus isquemico no cardioembolico, una esperanza terapeutica.

[Microcephalies and Zika virus]. / Microcefalias y virus del Zika.

TITLE: Microcefalias y virus del Zika.

[The challenges of a re-emerging disease: tuberculous meningo-encephalitis]. / Retos de una enfermedad reemergente: meningoencefalitis tuberculosa.

TITLE: Retos de una enfermedad reemergente: meningoencefalitis tuberculosa.

[Myasthenia gravis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins]. / Miastenia grave y tratamiento con inmunoglobulinas por via intravenosa.

TITLE: Miastenia grave y tratamiento con inmunoglobulinas por via intravenosa.

[C3c activation and intrathecal biosynthesis in children suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis]. / Activación y biosíntesis intratecal de C3c en niños con meningoencefalitis eosinofilica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emergent infectious disease in our area. The objective of the present paper is to determine if the activation of the complement system was taken placed with the C3c production in cerebrospinal fluid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 14 patients with an average age 4.5 years were studied. In such patients a lumbar punction was performed. C3c was quantified in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by radial immunodiffusion. RESULTS: Median cell number was 396 x 10(-6)/L with an average of 8.8% of eosinophils. Main symptoms were headache, vomiting and fever. Meningeal signs were present in 50% of the patients. C3c intrathecal synthesis occurred in 13 patients (92.8%). CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated the participation of complement system in third-stage larvae destruction in cerebrospinal fluid.

Activación y biosíntesis intratecal de C3c en niños con meningoencefalitis eosinofílica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis / C3c Activation and intrathecal biosythsis in children suffering form eosinohilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis

Introducción. La meningoencefalitis por Angiostrongylus cantonensis es una enfermedad infecciosa emergente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar si se produce la activación del sistema del complemento con la consiguiente producción de C3c en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 14 pacientes con edad promedio de 4,5 años a los que se les realizó una punción lumbar diagnóstica. La cuantificación de C3c y albúmina en el suero y el líquido cefalorraquídeo se realizó en placas de inmunodifusión radial. Resultados. El número de células promedio en el líquido cefalorraquídeo fue de 396 × 10–6 células/L. En la cuenta diferencial de células se apreció el 8,8% de eosinófilos promedio. Los principales síntomas de los pacientes fueron cefaleas, vómitos y fiebre. El 50% presentó algún signo meníngeo. Se comprobó la existencia de síntesis intratecal de C3c en 13 de los pacientes estudiados (92,8%). Conclusión. Se demuestra la participación del sistema de complemento en la destrucción de la larva del tercer estadio del parásito en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (AU)

Introduction. Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emergent infectious disease in our area. The objective of the present paper is to determine if the activation of the complement system was taken placed with the C3c production in cerebrospinal fluid. Patients and methods. 14 patients with an average age 4.5 years were studied. In such patients a lumbar punction was performed. C3c was quantified in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by radial immunodiffusion. Results. Median cell number was 396 × 10–6/L with an average of 8.8% of eosinophils. Main symptoms were headache, vomiting and fever. Meningeal signs were present in 50% of the patients. C3c intrathecal synthesis occurred in 13 patients (92.8%). Conclusion. It was demonstrated the participation of complement system in third-stage larvae destruction in cerebrospinal fluid (AU)

Productividad y visibilidad de los neurocientíficos cubanos. Réplica / Productivity and visibility of Cuban neuroscientists. Reply

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Diagnóstico neuroinmunológico de encefalitis por virus de la parotiditis / Neuroimmunological diagnosis of encephalitis due to the mumps virus

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Seasonal distribution and evolving forms of multiple sclerosis patients diagnosed from April 2004 to November 2007

Multiple sclerosis (MS) was first reported in Cuba in 1965. The most frequent appearance is observed in the first six months of the year. Objetive: To determine the seasonal distribution and evolving forms of MS patients diagnosed with the disease between April 2004 and November 2007. Twenty-one patients with suspected MS and 42 outbreaks were studied. Patients were classified according to Lublin and Revingold's criteria for clinical forms and according to McDonald. Most patients were classified in outbreak and remission and only two patients classified as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. The higher number of outbreaks occurred in the first two quarters of the year. It is recommended to study further weather variables that may be related to the emergence of these outbreaks in our environment(AU)

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) fue reportada en Cuba por primera vez en 1965. Se ha venido observando la aparición más frecuente en los primeros seis meses del año. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución estacional y formas evolutivas de EM en pacientes con diagnóstico de esta enfermedad entre abril 2004 y noviembre 2007. Se estudiaron 21 pacientes con sospecha de EM y un total de 42 brotes. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según los criterios de Lublin y Revingold para las formas evolutivas y según los criterios de McDonald. Solo dos pacientes clasificaron en la forma evolutiva progresiva primaria; los primeros dos trimestres del año fueron los de mayor número de brotes. Se recomienda profundizar en las variables climatológicas que pudieran tener vínculo con la aparición de estos brotes en nuestro medio(AU)

Neurocriptococosis como enfermedad emergente en pacientes inmunocompetentes / Neurocryptococcosis as an emerging disease in immunocompetent patients

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[Clinical relevance of haptoglobin/IgG index and Boyer's score to the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis]. / Relevancia clínica del índice haptoglobina/IgG y la escala de Boyer en el diagnóstico diferencial de las meningoencefalitis bacterianas y víricas.

INTRODUCTION: The meningitis is one of the most severe diseases in children due to its mortality or sequels. However, timely knowledge of whether the infection is bacterial or viral in origin and applied a specific therapeutic would be beneficial for the patients and clinician. The haptoglobin/IgG index and Boyer's score have been use in this purpose. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 39 pediatric patients, 14 suffering from viral meningoencephalitis and 25 from bacterial meningoencephalitis were study. Boyer's score and Hp/IgG index were applied in order to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. The clinical relevance of haptoglobin/IgG index and Boyer's score were compared by the analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: There were no association between Boyer's score and the cause of the meningitis. The sensitivity and specificity of haptoglobin/IgG index were de 71.4 and 64%, respectively. The same parametric to Boyer's score were de 28 and 100%. Increased haptoglobin/IgG index presents bigger precision for the differential diagnostic of the bacterial and viral meningitis than the scale of Boyer according to the curves ROC. CONCLUSION: The index haptoglobin/IgG showed its diagnostic superiority with relationship to the scale of Boyer to establish the origin of the meningoencephalitis.