Technological and health properties and main challenges in the production of vegetable beverages and dairy analogs.

Lactose intolerance affects about 68-70% of the world population and bovine whey protein is associated with allergic reactions, especially in children. Furthermore, many people do not consume dairy-based foods due to the presence of cholesterol and ethical, philosophical and environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and social and religious beliefs. In this context, the market for beverages based on pulses, oilseeds, cereals, pseudocereals and seeds and products that mimic dairy foods showed a significant increase over the years. However, there are still many sensory, nutritional, and technological limitations regarding producing and consuming these products. Thus, to overcome these negative aspects, relatively simple technologies such as germination and fermentation, the addition of ingredients/nutrients and emerging technologies such as ultra-high pressure, pulsed electric field, microwave and ultrasound can be used to improve the product quality. Moreover, consuming plant-based beverages is linked to health benefits, including antioxidant properties and support in the prevention and treatment of disorders and common diseases like hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Thus, vegetable-based beverages and their derivatives are viable alternatives and low-cost for replacing dairy foods in most cases.

Botanical Extracts and Compounds of Castanea Plants and Methods of Use: US20190125818A1 - The United States Patent Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are increasingly difficult to combat, which makes them a threat to public health on a global level. Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the main causes of infections in hospitals, as it has a variety of virulence factors, as well as is able to produce bacterial biofilms, which, consequently, bring numerous damages to public health as a result of increased resistance to conventional antibiotics and a longer hospital stay. Therefore, the use of compounds extracted from medicinal plants is a potential pharmaceutically acceptable target, as they do not have toxicity and the potential to disrupt biofilms produced by Staphylococcus aureus already evidenced, thus revealing their relevance to our study. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to perform a critical analysis of a patent with natural extracts against bacterial biofilms found in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database, to map the possible bioactive compounds that may serve as potential future antimicrobial drugs. METHODS: A technological survey was carried out to verify existing patents using natural extracts with anti-biofilm potential. For this, it was searched with the keywords: Botanical extracts AND biofilms; which were performed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. Thus, the selected patent used a non-aqueous extract partitioned and vacuum-contracted, subsequently lyophilized for assays with antimicrobial potential. Because of this, a patent was analyzed regarding its chemistry, and biological activity, followed by a critical analysis of the technology proposed in the invention. RESULTS: When using the keywords Botanical extracts AND biofilms in the USPTO, it was possible to find twenty-two inventions; however, only four patents in the USPTO were in agreement with the proposal of the natural extract having antimicrobial activity and an anti-biofilm potential, of which two belonged to the same applicant with similar proposals. The key point of this invention was to enable the compounds of the Castanea sativa plant and its methods of obtaining the extract to present a significant antimicrobial action associated or not with antibiotics, promoting the development of new therapies against bacterial infections capable of disrupting biofilms. The invention developed a methodology for extracting Castanea sativa, in which pentacyclic triterpene compounds were found mostly in its leaves. Whereas for the extraction, the crude methanol extracts called extracts 224 from the ground leaves were made by maceration, filtered, combined, concentrated under pressure in rotary evaporators, and lyophilized. After that, they were resuspended in water and partitioned in succession with hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The most active refined partition was the 224C extract with the solvent ethyl acetate, which was subjected to further fractionation using silica column chromatography. Resulting in the most refined extract, which was 224C-F2, capable of acting directly on the quorum sensing of bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, blocking the translation of RNAIII, including a series of exotoxins. Regarding the antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus, it presented Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 1.56 µg/mL-1 and > 100 µg/mL -1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Given the analyzed patent, it was possible to verify the importance of alternatives to reduce the impact of bacterial biofilms, which causes damage to industries in general and to health. From this, the invention analyzed has a promising proposal with antimicrobial potential focusing on the great impact of bacterial biofilms. Therefore, natural extracts with antibiofilmic potential can help to minimize the economic losses caused to health due to these multidrug-resistant microorganisms with different virulence mechanisms.

Pequi Oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) Attenuates the Adverse Effects of Cyclical Heat Stress and Modulates the Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in Broiler Chickens.

The present study was conducted to determine the possible antioxidant protection of pequi oil (PO) against cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens and to highlight the application of PO as a promising additive in broiler feed. A total of 400 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 2 × 5 factorially arranged treatments: two temperature-controlled rooms (thermoneutral-TN or heat stress-HS for 8 h/day) and five dietary PO levels (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g/kg diet) for 42 days. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates of five birds. The results showed that HS increased glucose (p = 0.006), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and HDL (p = 0.042) at 21 days and reduced (p = 0.005) serum total cholesterol at 42 days. The results also showed that HS increased the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In contrast, PO linearly decreased AST (p = 0.048) and ALT (p = 0.020) at 21 and 42 days, respectively. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the birds under HS was higher than in those in the TN environment (p = 0.046). Heat stress decreased (p = 0.032) the relative weight of their livers at 21 days. The superoxide dismutase activity increased (p = 0.010) in the HS treatments in comparison to the TN treatments, while the glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.001) at 42 days; however, the activity of catalase had no significant effects. Meanwhile, increasing the dietary PO levels linearly decreased plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) in the birds in the HS environment. In addition, PO reduced (p = 0.027) the expression of Hsp 70 in the liver by 92% when compared to the TN treatment without PO, mainly at the 6.0 g/kg diet level. The expression of Nrf2 was upregulated by 37% (p = 0.049) in response to PO with the 6.0 g/kg diet compared to the HS treatment without PO. In conclusion, PO supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of HS on broilers due to its antioxidant action and modulation of the genes related to oxidative stress, providing insights into its application as a potential feed additive in broiler production.

Effects of dietary copper and zinc hydroxychloride supplementation on bone development, skin quality and hematological parameters of broilers chickens.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), using two mineral sources (sulphate and hydroxy forms), on the bone characteristics, skin strength/elasticity, and haematological parameters of broilers. A total of 1792 1-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chickens were randomly distributed among eight dietary treatments, using Cu sulphate (CSM) or hydroxychloride (CHC), and Zn sulphate (ZSM) or hydroxychloride (ZHC). The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) low-CSM/high-ZSM, (2) high-CSM/high-ZSM, (3) low-CHC/low-ZHC, (4) low-CHC/medium-ZHC, (5) low-CHC/high-ZHC, (6) high-CHC/low-ZHC, (7) high-CHC/medium-ZHC, and (8) high-CHC/high-ZHC. On Day 42, blood samples were collected from one bird/pen to analyze the haematological parameters. Finally, two birds/pen were slaughtered, and the tibia and femur were collected to analyze the quality of bone and skin. The means were subjected to ANOVA and, when significant, compared by Tukey's test (p < 0.05) or Dunnett's (p < 0.05) test. The haematological parameters were not influenced by mineral supplementation. However, the inclusion of low ZHC enhanced the skin strength compared to high ZHC (p = 0.046). Furthermore, the bone mineral density of the tibia proximal epiphysis, tibia ash and tibia mineral content were positively improved with supplementation of low-CHC/medium-ZHC compared to high-CHC/medium-ZHC. This study demonstrated that hydroxy compounds are potential alternatives for replacing sulphate supplements in broiler diets. Moreover, among the Cu and Zn levels, the low CHC (15 mg/kg) and medium ZHC (100 mg/kg) improved bone development and skin integrity, suggesting that the combination of Cu and Zn can be a nutritional strategy to prevent the incidence of leg disorders in broilers.

Sources and levels of copper and manganese supplementation influence performance, carcass traits, meat quality, tissue mineral content, and ileal absorption of broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels and sources of Cu and Mn (sulfate or hydroxychloride - H) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat and skin quality, footpad dermatitis severity, litter quality, liver and plasma mineral content, and ileal mineral absorption. A total of 1,920 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were assigned randomly to one of 2 × 3+2 factorially arranged treatments: CuH (15 and 150 ppm) × MnH (40, 80, 120 ppm) + 15 ppm Cu Sulfate with 80 ppm Mn Sulfate (control 1) or 150 ppm Cu Sulfate with 120 ppm Mn sulfate (control 2) for 42 d. Each treatment consisted of 8 replicates of 30 birds. At 42-day-old were slaughtered for carcass yield and meat quality analyses. At 43-day-old, it was determined the apparent ileal absorption of minerals and the concentration of Cu and Mn in the liver and plasma. The resistance and elasticity of the skin, and footpad dermatitis severity were also evaluated. The level 150 ppm CuH improved the FCR compared to the 15 ppm CuH and 15 ppm Cu Sulfate level. Broilers fed diets containing 150 ppm CuH showed higher breast yield compared to those fed diets containing 15 ppm. Breast yield was positively influenced by the inclusion of 40 ppm MnH. There was an interaction between the CuH and the MnH for skin elasticity, and the highest elasticity was found when the supplementation levels were 150 ppm CuH and 40 ppm MnH. High levels of copper decreased the incidence of footpad dermatitis. The hydroxychloride source determined a higher mineral concentration in the liver and plasma and greater apparent ileal absorption of Cu and Mn. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 150 ppm CuH and 40 or 80 ppm MnH enhance breast yield and improves skin resistance. The inclusion of 150 ppm CuH has the possibility to improve the FCR and decrease leg injuries. Furthermore, the hydroxychloride source seems to be more bioavailable than the sulfate source.

Análise noticiosa do trabalho em enfermagem no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 / Análisis de noticias sobre el trabajo de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 / News analysis of nursing work in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as notícias veiculadas na imprensa brasileira sobre o trabalho em enfermagem no período da pandemia da COVID-19, compreendido entre fevereiro de 2020 a agosto de 2021. Métodos Estudo documental, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Elaborado a partir de informações coletadas em sites de notícias, por meio de clipping, seguindo as etapas de monitoramento, coleta, análise e arquivamento de menções ao trabalho em enfermagem feitas pela mídia brasileira. A amostra totalizou 432 notícias. A análise dos dados se deu pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática proposta por Laurence Bardin. Resultados O ano de 2020 destacou-se dentre as notícias analisadas (59,96%), cujos personagens envolvidos foram profissionais da enfermagem, do sexo feminino (36,57%), de nível técnico (38,89%) e superior (38,43%). Houve predomínio de notícias nas regiões Sudeste (45,83%) e Centro-Oeste (17,36%). Foram identificadas seis categorias para análise dos dados: óbitos entre as trabalhadoras (40,74%), condições precárias de trabalho (28,94%), vacinação (8,56%), contaminação das trabalhadoras (8,33%), suspeita de infração ética (8,10%) e cura da COVID-19 (5,32%). Conclusão A pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil trouxe o trabalho e as trabalhadoras da enfermagem para o centro de debate jornalístico. O óbito, as condições precárias de trabalho e a contaminação das trabalhadoras de enfermagem, veiculadas na imprensa, relacionam-se com a precarização do trabalho em enfermagem neste estudo. Conjectura-se que o debate jornalístico sobre o trabalho em enfermagem na pandemia da COVID-19 ajudou a fortalecer pautas políticas, como a que conduziu à promulgação da Lei n. 14.434/2022, que trata do piso salarial nacional para essas profissionais.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las noticias difundidas en la prensa brasileña sobre el trabajo de enfermería en el período de la pandemia de COVID-19 comprendido entre febrero de 2020 y agosto de 2021. Métodos Estudio documental, descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo. Elaborado a partir de información recopilada en sitios web de noticias, por medio de clipping, siguiendo las etapas de monitoreo, recopilación, análisis y archivo de menciones del trabajo de enfermería realizadas por los medios de comunicación brasileños. La muestra totalizó 432 noticias. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el análisis de contenido temático propuesto por Laurence Bardin. Resultados El año 2020 se destacó entre las noticias analizadas (59,96 %), cuyos personajes involucrados fueron profesionales de enfermería, de sexo femenino (36,57 %), de nivel técnico (38,89 %) y superior (38,43 %). Hubo un predominio de noticias en la región Sudeste (45,83 %) y Centro-Oeste (17,36 %). Se identificaron seis categorías para el análisis de datos: fallecimiento entre las trabajadoras (40,74 %), condiciones de trabajo precarias (28,94 %), vacunación (8,56 %), contaminación de las trabajadoras (8,33 %), sospecha de infracción ética (8,10 %) y cura de COVID-19 (5,32 %). Conclusión La pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil colocó el trabajo de enfermería y sus trabajadoras en el centro del debate periodístico. Los fallecimientos, las condiciones de trabajo precarias y la contaminación de las trabajadoras de enfermería, difundidas en la prensa, se relacionan con la precarización del trabajo de enfermería en este estudio. Se presume que el debate periodístico sobre el trabajo de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19 ayudó a fortalecer debates políticos, como el que llevó a la promulgación de la ley n°. 14.434/2022, que trata sobre el salario mínimo nacional para estas profesionales.

Abstract Objective To analyze the news published in the Brazilian press about nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic period, between February 2020 and August 2021. Methods This is a documentary, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Elaborated from information collected on news sites, through clipping, following the stages of monitoring, collection, analysis and archiving of mentions of work in nursing made by the Brazilian media. The sample totaled 432 news. Data analysis was performed using the Thematic Content Analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin. Results The year 2020 stood out among the analyzed news (59.96%), whose characters involved were nursing professionals, female (36.57%), technical (38.89%) and higher (38. 43%). There was a predominance of news in the Southeast (45.83%) and Midwest (17.36%) regions. Six categories were identified for data analysis: deaths among workers (40.74%), precarious working conditions (28.94%), vaccination (8.56%), contamination of workers (8.33%), suspected of ethical infraction (8.10%) and COVID-19 cure (5.32%). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil brought nursing work and workers to the center of journalistic debate. Death, precarious working conditions and contamination of nursing workers, reported in the press, are related to the precariousness of nursing work in this study. It is conjectured that the journalistic debate on nursing work in the COVID-19 pandemic helped to strengthen political guidelines, such as the one that led to the enactment of Law 14,434/2022, which deals with the national wage floor for these professionals.

Regulatory mechanisms behind the phenotypic plasticity associated with Setaria italica water deficit tolerance.

Drought is one of the main environmental stresses that negatively impacts vegetative and reproductive yield. Water deficit responses are determined by the duration and intensity of the stress, which, together with plant genotype, will define the chances of plant survival. The metabolic adjustments in response to water deficit are complex and involve gene expression modulation regulated by DNA-binding proteins and epigenetic modifications. This last mechanism may also regulate the activity of transposable elements, which in turn impact the expression of nearby loci. Setaria italica plants submitted to five water deficit regimes were analyzed through a phenotypical approach, including growth, physiological, RNA-seq and sRNA-seq analyses. The results showed a progressive reduction in yield as a function of water deficit intensity associated with signaling pathway modulation and metabolic adjustments. We identified a group of loci that were consistently associated with drought responses, some of which were related to water deficit perception, signaling and regulation. Finally, an analysis of the transcriptome and sRNAome allowed us to identify genes putatively regulated by TE- and sRNA-related mechanisms and an intriguing positive correlation between transcript levels and sRNA accumulation in gene body regions. These findings shed light on the processes that allow S. italica to overcome drought and survive under water restrictive conditions.

Llamadas para contratación de enfermeros (as) en tiempos de coronavirus / Calls for hiring nurses in times of coronavirus

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil de las vacantes para enfermeras (os) divulgadas a través de las redes sociales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, de base documental a partir de publicaciones de facebook, instagram y twitter a través del uso de hashtags: facebook (#vacantes #enfermería y #empleo #enfermero), instagram (#vagaenfermero y #vacantes) y en twitter (#vacante y #enfermero) del 1 al 22 de marzo de 2021. Inicialmente se encontraron 6.173 publicaciones de las cuales 117 fueron seleccionadas tras aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y análisis. Resultados: Las informaciones predominantes en las publicaciones fueron dispuestas en cinco categorías, que fueron nombradas con un hashtag: #enfermerospecialistas, #requisitosmínimos, #vínculolaboral, #remuneración y #jornadatrabajo. El Sudeste fue la región que más requirió especialistas, seguido del Nordeste y Sur. En cuanto a los requisitos mínimos, 81,60% de las publicaciones presentaron requisitos, entre estos la experiencia profesional y poseer posgrado fueron las más presentes. El vínculo laboral más evidente fue el contrato efectivo. El rango salarial estaba entre 4,1 y 5 salarios mínimos. Y la carga horaria semanal presentó el mayor porcentaje en 24 horas e igual o superior a 40 horas. Conclusión: Conocer el escenario de contratación de enfermeros en tiempos de coronavirus, evidencia una tendencia ya anunciada, que es la escasez de profesionales calificados para la actuación en el mercado de trabajo, además de las condiciones devaluadoras que concierne el trabajo de enfermería. (AU)

Objective: To identify the profile of vacancies for nurses disseminated through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Quantitative, descriptive and exploratory document-based study based on facebook, instagram and twitter publications through the use of hashtags: facebook (#vacancies #nursing and #employment #nurse), instagram (#vacanciesnurse y and #vacancies) and on twitter (#vacancies and #nurse), from March 01 to 22, 2021. Initially, 6,173 publications were found, of which 117 were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and analysis. Results: The predominant information in the publications was arranged in five categories, which were named with a hashtag: #nursespecialists, #minimumrequirements, #employment bond, #remuneration and #businessday. The Southeast was the region that most required specialists, followed by the Northeast and the South. Regarding the minimum requirements, 81.60% of the publications had requirements, among which professional experience and having a postgraduate degree were the most present. The most evident employment relationship was the effective contract. The salary range was between 4.1 and 5 minimum wages. And the weekly workload had the highest percentage in 24 hours and equal to or greater than 40 hours. Conclusion: Knowing the scenario of hiring nurses in times of coronavirus shows an already announced trend, which is the shortage of qualified professionals to work in the labor market, in addition to the devaluing conditions that affect nursing work. (AU)

The effects of different doses of curcumin compound on growth performance, antioxidant status, and gut health of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria species.

Supplementation of broiler diets with feed additives such as chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics has side effects, meat residues, and antibiotics resistance complications. Plant-derived natural compounds could be safe and easy substitutes for chemical additives. One of the natural compounds is curcumin, the extract from herbal plant Curcuma longa, known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which may be effective in reducing coccidia infection in poultry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin on Eimeria challenged (C) and nonchallenged (NC) Cobb 500 broilers. A total of 360 12-day-old male chicks were housed in 36 cages in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates per treatment of 10 birds each cage. The six corn-soybean meal-based treatment diets were fed from day 12 to 20 to C and NC birds in 3-by-two factorial arrangement: nonchallenged control (NCC), NC + 100 mg/kg curcumin, NC + 200 mg/kg curcumin, challenged control (CC), C + 100 mg/kg curcumin, and C + 200 mg/kg curcumin. Broilers in C groups were inoculated orally with 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima, 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella, and 250,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina on day 14. The intestinal permeability (day 19), growth performance parameters, and intestinal lesion scoring were measured and recorded on day 20. The means were subjected to two-way ANOVA, and main factors effect and their interactions were considered. The growth performance and permeability were higher (P < 0.001) in the NC and C groups, respectively. However, no interaction was observed between curcumin dose and cocci challenge on both of these parameters. Results from lesion scores and oocyst shedding showed reduction (P < 0.050) in birds fed C + 200 mg/kg curcumin compared with those fed C + 100 mg/kg curcumin or CC. Curcumin treatment showed higher production of GSH (P = 0.002) and total glutathione (GSH+2GSSG) (P = 0.002) but lower GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.001) than the NCC group. Curcumin exhibited some positive responses on antioxidant capacity, lesion score, and oocyst shedding in the present study, suggesting that curcumin alone or a combination with other feed additives could be a dietary strategy to improve gut health in broilers.

Different dietary electrolyte balance values on performance, egg, and bone quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) under heat stress.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and quality of eggs and bones of Japanese quails that received different dietary electrolyte balance (EB) and were submitted to thermoneutrality or heat stress conditions. Eight hundred Japanese quails of 21 days of age were selected and distributed randomly in two bioclimatic chambers: thermoneutral chamber (23 °C ± 2 °C) and heat-stress chamber (33 °C ± 2 °C). The treatments were in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with two temperatures and five EB levels (165, 215, 265, 315, 365 mEq/kg) with four replicates of 20 birds each. The productive performance and egg quality (in 3 cycles of 21 days) were measured. At 105 days old, the bone quality was evaluated. Data were analyzed by Minitab, and the means were compared by Tukey's test and regression test for levels (P < 0.05). Quails submitted to thermoneutrality showed better performance and egg and bone quality. The highest production rate was the EB level of 265 mEq/kg. Low values of EB (165 and 215 mEq/kg) and high values (365) impaired egg quality, and the ideal was 315 mEq/kg. Lower levels of balance provided poor bone density. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that heat stress impairs the production and quality of quail eggs and bones. Furthermore, by using intermediate EB levels (265 and 315) mEq/kg, it is possible to improve egg production and egg quality, and using high levels increases bone mineral density.

2-Nitro-1-propanol improved nutrient digestibility and oocyst shedding but not growth performance of Eimeria-challenged broilers.

A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement study was conducted to evaluate 3 dosages of 2-nitro-1-propanol (NP; 0, 150, and 200 ppm) on intestinal health of birds with or without Eimeria challenge. A total of 432 thirteen-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 9 birds per cage. All birds were fed with treatment diets from day 13 to 21. Birds in the challenge groups were gavaged with Eimeria maxima (50,000 oocysts per bird), Eimeria tenella (50,000 oocysts per bird), and Eimeria acervulina (250,000 oocysts per bird) on day 15. Growth performance was evaluated from day 13 to 21, and gut permeability was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran on day 20. The intestinal lesion, intestinal morphology, and oocysts shedding were determined at the end of the trial. The linear and quadratic orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of increasing NP doses in responses to Eimeria challenge. The results showed that NP was not able to maintain efficient growth performance but improved gut leakage during Eimeria infection period. On the other hand, Eimeria infection increased gut permeability (P < 0.0001) and reduced ileal digestible energy (IDE) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nitrogen. However, the increase of NP linearly enhanced IDE and AID of nitrogen (P < 0.01). Moreover, an interaction between challenge and linear dosage effects was observed for IDE (P = 0.0066) and AID of nitrogen (P = 0.0462). The results indicated that NP improved nutrient digestibility and reduced total oocysts shedding in birds challenged with Eimeria spp. Besides, higher NP doses numerically improved villi height in the intestine. In summary, NP was not able to maintain growth performance of birds but presented positive outcomes on nutrient digestibility and reduced oocysts shedding during mixed Eimeria infection.

Nursing Comiittee to Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of the Nursing Committee for Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia. METHODS: The experience report describes motivation, objectives, representatives, organization, working groups, activities and impact of the Committee actions. RESULTS: The Committee consists of educational institutions and class representation. It accepts demands, questions and complaints from nursing workers, acts in favor of safe care and inspection of health and safety conditions at work. Five working groups and six technical support groups were formed. These groups address Communication, Review of Health Services Contingency Plans, Assistance to Long-Term Institutions, Epidemiology and External Activities. An Instagram account was created for quick and reliable access to information, and also an email to meet demands and monitor COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION: The results of the Committee work contribute to guide, support, value and defend nursing workers in coping with COVID-19.

The (re)construction of own identity in nurses' work in Brazil: exploratory study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse a professional trajectory and how identity conformations of a group of nurses in professional practice in Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative study that used the in-depth interviews with nurses in professional practice from 1998 to 2014. Seven nurses working in the various organizational areas of the health systems participated and 3 nurses working in educational and research institutions. The narratives were analyzed in the light of Claude's Dubar theoretical framework and the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The findings demonstrate that career choice is associated with employability, giving little identity. The findings demonstrate that career choice is associated with employability, giving little identity. The formative processes contribute to the (re) construction of identity, as they have produced an anticipation of the future trajectory, identification of job opportunities, recognition, prestige and self-esteem. The care dimension gives greater identity to the workers. CONCLUSION: The study brings important elements for reflection on the determinants that affect the continuous reconstruction of professional identity, in view of the changes that have been operating in the labor market, in vocational training and in the work of nurses.

CONTROLE DO BRUXISMO DO SONO NA INFÂNCIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA / CONTROL OF SLEEPING BRUXISM IN CHILDHOOD: LITERATURE REVIEW

O bruxismo em crianças tem se tornado uma preocupação crescente nos últimos anos. É definido como uma atividade involuntária dos músculos mastigatórios caracterizada por apertar ou ranger os dentes e pode ser de dois tipos, do sono (BS) ou da vigília (BV). A prevalência do BS na população infantil varia de 5,9% a 49,6%.Fatores funcionais, estruturais e psicológicos podem estar envolvidos com a presença do bruxismo. O diagnóstico é feito por meio de questionários, exame clínico e exame de polissonografia, que é o padrão ouro. Por ser uma desordem de origem central e não periférica, o BS não tem cura. Logo, faz-se o controle, que abrange prevenção, abordagem e gerenciamento de consequências. Atualmente, são citadas na literatura inúmeras técnicas de manejo para oBS. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de revisar a literatura atual referente ao controle do BS em crianças e confeccionar uma cartilha informativa direcionada aos pais, expondo os benefícios da higiene do sono como controle basal do BS. Conclui-se que a higiene do sono, apesar de baixa evidência científica, é considerada a primeira linha de abordagem para o bruxismo do sono infantil.

Children bruxism has become a growing worry in the last years. It is defined as an involuntary activity of masticatory muscles characterized by tightening or gritting the teeth and can be of two types, sleep (SB) or wake (WB). The prevalence of SB in infant population varies from 5,9% to 49,6%. Functional, structural and psychological factors may be involved in the presence of bruxism. The diagnosis is made through questionnaires, clinical examination and polysomnography, which is the gold standard. Because it is a central and non-peripheral origin disorder, SB has no cure. Therefore, control is made, which includes prevention, approach and consequence management. Currently, numerous management techniques for SB are cited in the literature. This work aims to review the current literature regarding the control of SB in children and to make an informative booklet directed to parents, exposing the benefits of sleep hygiene as basal control of BS. It is concluded that sleep hygiene, despite low scientific evidence, is considered the first line of approach for children sleep bruxism.

Effects of Inorganic Zn and Cu Supplementation on Gut Health in Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria spp.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic copper and zinc on growth performance, intestinal permeability, intestinal lesion scores, oocyst shedding, antioxidant properties and bone quality in broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 360 d-old male Cobb broiler chickens were housed in floor cages for 12 days at the Poultry Research Center. At 12 days of age, birds were placed in grower Petersime batteries and distributed in a completely randomized design with 10 birds per cage, six replicates per treatment, and six treatments. There were six corn-soybean meal-based dietary treatments: non-challenged control (NC), challenged control (CC), 100 ppm Cu (100 Cu), 150 ppm Cu (150 Cu), 80 ppm Zn (80 Zn), and 100 ppm Zn (100 Zn). Broilers received the treatment diets for 9 days (12-20d). Birds, except NC, were challenged with Eimeria maxima (50,000 oocysts/bird), Eimeria tenella (50,000 oocysts/bird), and Eimeria acervulina (250,000 oocysts/bird) on 14d. On 20d, the growth performance was recorded, and one bird/cage was used for analysis of intestinal permeability, antioxidant properties and bone quality. Lesion score was recorded at 20 days of age in eight birds/cage. The means were subjected to ANOVA and, when significant, compared by Duncan's test. Intestinal permeability was significantly improved when birds received the 100 Zn diet (P < 0.05). In addition, lesion scores on duodenum were reduced when broilers received diets 150 Cu as compared to CC diet (P < 0.05). However, growth performance was not positively influenced by inclusion of inorganic minerals as compared to the NC diet. Furthermore, activity of superoxide dismutase and bone quality were not affected, whereas glutathione status was improved with mineral supplementation in all groups. This study showed that Cu and Zn supplementation improves intestinal integrity during the Eimeria spp. infection, suggesting that Cu and Zn supplementation would be a potential strategy to reduce detrimental effects of Eimeria infection in broilers.

Associação entre variáveis relacionadas à precarização e afastamento do trabalho no campo da enfermagem / Association between variables related to precariousness of work and leave of absence in the nursing field

Resumo O objetivo é verificar associações entre variáveis relacionadas à precarização e o afastamento do trabalho por motivo de saúde no campo da enfermagem. Estudo transversal. A amostra de conveniência estratificada com alocação proporcional de 1.075 trabalhadoras. Local de estudo 22 hospitais públicos da Bahia, sendo os dados coletados entre 2015 e 2016. As dimensões da precarização avaliadas foram Formas de inserção e intensidade do trabalho, Esforço físico e ambiente de trabalho, Destrato e perturbações durante o trabalho. Realizou-se regressão logística binária ajustada com o teste de Omnibus. As variáveis que foram significativas tanto para enfermeiras quanto para auxiliares e técnicas foram esforço repetitivo (OR=0,44; IC=0,22-0,91/OR=0,54; IC=0,29-0,98) e histórico de discriminação (OR=2,1; IC=1,6-4,3/OR=1,8; IC=1,2-2,5). Para as enfermeiras, a existência de ruído no ambiente de trabalho foi significativo para o afastamento do trabalho (OR=3,7; IC=1,7-8,2). Entre as auxiliares e técnicas, ocorrência de violência no trabalho (OR=1,4; IC=1,05-2,0), adequação do ambiente de descanso (OR=0,6;IC=0,41-0,89), tipo de vínculo (OR=1,5;IC=1,009-2,09) foram significativos. Os resultados revelam a precarização no campo e que o Estado favorece o adoecimento das trabalhadoras ao manter estas condições de trabalho.

Abstract The objective is to verify associations between variables related to precarious employment and absence from work due to health reasons in the nursing field. This was a cross-sectional study of a stratified convenience sample with proportional allocation of 1,075 workers. Study site: 22 public hospitals in Bahia, with data collected between 2015 and 2016.The assessed precarious employment dimensions were: Forms of insertion and intensity of work, Physical effort and working environment, Disorder and disturbances during work. The binary logistic regression was adjusted with the Omnibus test. The variables that were significant for both nurses and for nursing aides and technicians were repetitive effort (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.22-0.91 / OR = 0.54, CI = 0.29-0.98), and history of discrimination (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.6-4.3 / OR = 1.8, CI = 1.2-2.5). For the nurses, the existence of noise in the work environment was significant for work leave (OR = 3.7, CI = 1.7-8.2). Among the nursing aides and technicians, the occurrence of violence at the workplace (OR = 1.4, CI = 1.05-2.0), adequacy of the resting area (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.41-0.89), and type of employment bond (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.009-2.09) were significant. The results reveal the precariousness in the field and that the government favors the illness of these workers by maintaining these working conditions.

Association between variables related to precariousness of work and leave of absence in the nursing field. / Associação entre variáveis relacionadas à precarização e afastamento do trabalho no campo da enfermagem.

The objective is to verify associations between variables related to precarious employment and absence from work due to health reasons in the nursing field. This was a cross-sectional study of a stratified convenience sample with proportional allocation of 1,075 workers. Study site: 22 public hospitals in Bahia, with data collected between 2015 and 2016.The assessed precarious employment dimensions were: Forms of insertion and intensity of work, Physical effort and working environment, Disorder and disturbances during work. The binary logistic regression was adjusted with the Omnibus test. The variables that were significant for both nurses and for nursing aides and technicians were repetitive effort (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.22-0.91 / OR = 0.54, CI = 0.29-0.98), and history of discrimination (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.6-4.3 / OR = 1.8, CI = 1.2-2.5). For the nurses, the existence of noise in the work environment was significant for work leave (OR = 3.7, CI = 1.7-8.2). Among the nursing aides and technicians, the occurrence of violence at the workplace (OR = 1.4, CI = 1.05-2.0), adequacy of the resting area (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.41-0.89), and type of employment bond (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.009-2.09) were significant. The results reveal the precariousness in the field and that the government favors the illness of these workers by maintaining these working conditions.

O objetivo é verificar associações entre variáveis relacionadas à precarização e o afastamento do trabalho por motivo de saúde no campo da enfermagem. Estudo transversal. A amostra de conveniência estratificada com alocação proporcional de 1.075 trabalhadoras. Local de estudo 22 hospitais públicos da Bahia, sendo os dados coletados entre 2015 e 2016. As dimensões da precarização avaliadas foram Formas de inserção e intensidade do trabalho, Esforço físico e ambiente de trabalho, Destrato e perturbações durante o trabalho. Realizou-se regressão logística binária ajustada com o teste de Omnibus. As variáveis que foram significativas tanto para enfermeiras quanto para auxiliares e técnicas foram esforço repetitivo (OR=0,44; IC=0,22-0,91/OR=0,54; IC=0,29-0,98) e histórico de discriminação (OR=2,1; IC=1,6-4,3/OR=1,8; IC=1,2-2,5). Para as enfermeiras, a existência de ruído no ambiente de trabalho foi significativo para o afastamento do trabalho (OR=3,7; IC=1,7-8,2). Entre as auxiliares e técnicas, ocorrência de violência no trabalho (OR=1,4; IC=1,05-2,0), adequação do ambiente de descanso (OR=0,6;IC=0,41-0,89), tipo de vínculo (OR=1,5;IC=1,009-2,09) foram significativos. Os resultados revelam a precarização no campo e que o Estado favorece o adoecimento das trabalhadoras ao manter estas condições de trabalho.

The changing profile of schistosomiasis in a changing urban landscape.

Since 2007, most of humanity resides in urban areas, a trend which continues worldwide. Diseases usually associated with rural contexts are now emerging or newly recognised in cities. In the neighbourhood of São Bartolomeu in Salvador, Brazil, the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in 2011 was >20%. Following enrollment and treatment of a portion of the community, ~25% of the area underwent urban renewal. In 2015, we returned to enrol individuals who had previously participated and a cohort that had not taken part in 2011. Thus, infected individuals in one group experienced specific drug treatment plus improved living conditions and the second group only improved living conditions. Between 2011 and 2015 there were no organised treatment programs, but adequate sanitation increased from 69% to 92% coverage, household flooding decreased, and the presence of indoor toilets increased to 99% of households. Ownership of household appliances also increased significantly. The overall prevalence of schistosome infections was 6.2%. In 2015, the cohort first seen in 2011 had a higher prevalence (8.7%) than those first seen in 2015 (4.8%) and showed a few demographic differences. The 2011 cohort was older, more likely born in Salvador, less likely to have lived outside of Salvador, spent a greater percentage of their lifetime in Salvador, but more likely to have travelled. The population structure of the parasites from both cohorts underwent a marked change with similar increased component and infrapopulation differentiation and >10 fold decrease in effective population size. There was a 4-5 year shift in age-specific prevalence in 2015 for all compared with 2011. While praziquantel may have helped reduce prevalence, our evidence suggests that the structural changes and improvements in living conditions had the biggest impact on schistosomiasis in this community.

The (re)construction of own identity in nurses' work in Brazil: exploratory study / La (re)construcción de la identidad propia en el trabajo de las enfermeras en Brasil: estudio exploratorio / A (re)construção da identidade própria no trabalho das enfermeiras: estudo exploratório

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse a professional trajectory and how identity conformations of a group of nurses in professional practice in Brazil. Methods: Qualitative study that used the in-depth interviews with nurses in professional practice from 1998 to 2014. Seven nurses working in the various organizational areas of the health systems participated and 3 nurses working in educational and research institutions. The narratives were analyzed in the light of Claude's Dubar theoretical framework and the content analysis technique. Results: The findings demonstrate that career choice is associated with employability, giving little identity. The findings demonstrate that career choice is associated with employability, giving little identity. The formative processes contribute to the (re) construction of identity, as they have produced an anticipation of the future trajectory, identification of job opportunities, recognition, prestige and self-esteem. The care dimension gives greater identity to the workers. Conclusion: The study brings important elements for reflection on the determinants that affect the continuous reconstruction of professional identity, in view of the changes that have been operating in the labor market, in vocational training and in the work of nurses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la trayectoria profesional y las conformaciones de la identidad de un equipo de enfermeras en práctica profesional en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo que utilizó entrevistas en profundidad con enfermeras con práctica profesional de 1998 a 2014. Ha participado siete enfermeras con actuación en los diversos ámbitos organizativos de los sistemas de salud; y tres enfermeras que trabajan en instituciones de enseñanza e investigación. Las narraciones han sido analizadas a la luz del marco teórico de Claude Dubar y de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que la elección profesional está asociada con la empleabilidad, dando poca identidad. Los procesos formativos contribuyen a la (re) construcción de la identidad, ya que produjeron una anticipación de la trayectoria futura. La dimensión asistencial otorga mayor identidad a los trabajadores. Conclusión: El estudio aporta elementos importantes para la reflexión sobre los determinantes que afectan la reconstrucción continua de la identidad profesional, en vista de los cambios que han estado operando en el mercado laboral, en la formación profesional y en el trabajo de las enfermeras.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a trajetória profissional e as conformações identitárias de um grupo de enfermeiras em exercício profissional no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo que utilizou entrevistas em profundidade com enfermeiras em exercício profissional no período de 1998 a 2014. Participaram sete enfermeiras com atuação nos diversos âmbitos organizativos dos sistemas de saúde; e, três enfermeiras com atuação em instituições de ensino-pesquisa. As narrativas foram analisadas à luz do referencial teórico de Claude Dubar e a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os achados demonstram que a escolha profissional está associada à empregabilidade, conferindo pouca identidade. Os processos formativos contribuem para a (re)construção da identidade, pois produziram uma antecipação da trajetória futura. A dimensão assistencial confere maior identidade às trabalhadoras. Conclusão: O estudo traz elementos importantes para reflexão acerca dos determinantes que incidem sobre a reconstrução contínua da identidade profissional, tendo em vista as mudanças que vêm se operando no mercado de trabalho, na formação profissional e no trabalho da enfermeira.

Nursing Comiittee to Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia / Comité de Enfermería para hacer frente a COVID 19 en Bahía / Comitê de Enfermagem para Enfrentamento da COVID-19 na Bahia

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of the Nursing Committee for Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia. Methods: The experience report describes motivation, objectives, representatives, organization, working groups, activities and impact of the Committee actions. Results: The Committee consists of educational institutions and class representation. It accepts demands, questions and complaints from nursing workers, acts in favor of safe care and inspection of health and safety conditions at work. Five working groups and six technical support groups were formed. These groups address Communication, Review of Health Services Contingency Plans, Assistance to Long-Term Institutions, Epidemiology and External Activities. An Instagram account was created for quick and reliable access to information, and also an email to meet demands and monitor COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: The results of the Committee work contribute to guide, support, value and defend nursing workers in coping with COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo: Informar sobre la experiencia del Comité de Enfermería de Bahía en su combate contra la COVID-19. Métodos: El informe describe la motivación, los objetivos, los representantes, la organización, los grupos de trabajo, las actividades y el impacto de las acciones del Comité. Resultados: El Comité está formado por instituciones educativas y por representación de clases. Recibe demandas, dudas y denuncias de los trabajadores de enfermería, actúa a favor del cuidado seguro y de la supervisión de las condiciones de salud y seguridad laboral. Se formaron cinco grupos de trabajo y seis grupos de apoyo técnico para actuar en la Comunicación, la Revisión de los Planes de Contingencia de los Servicios Sanitarios, el Asesoramiento de las Instituciones de Permanencia Prolongada, la Epidemiología y las Actividades Externas. Se creó una cuenta en Instagram de acceso rápido y de información confiable y un correo electrónico para organizar las demandas y supervisar los casos de COVID-19. Conclusión: Los resultados de la labor del Comité contribuyen a orientar, apoyar, valorar y defender a los trabajadores de enfermería durante la lucha contra la COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do Comitê de Enfermagem para Enfrentamento da COVID-19 na Bahia. Métodos: O relato de experiência descreve motivação, objetivos, representantes, organização, grupos de trabalhos, atividades e impacto das ações do Comitê. Resultados: O Comitê é formado por instituições de ensino e representação de classe. Acolhe demandas, dúvidas e denúncias de trabalhadoras/es em enfermagem, age em prol do cuidado seguro e da fiscalização das condições de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Cinco grupos de trabalho e seis de suporte técnico foram formados. Esses grupos dirigem-se a Comunicação, Revisão de Planos de Contingência de Serviços de Saúde, Assessoria às Instituições de Longa Permanência, Epidemiologia e Atividades Externas. Criou-se conta no instagram, para acesso rápido e confiável à informação, e e-mail, para acolher demandas e monitorar casos da COVID-19. Conclusão: Os resultados do trabalho do Comitê contribuem para orientar, apoiar, valorizar e defender trabalhadoras/es em enfermagem no enfrentamento da COVID-19.