Evaluation of the Predictors of the Quality of Life in the Postpartum Period: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: It is necessary to study the predictors of life quality in the early postpartum period. Early diagnosis, timely care and intervention can improve the health of mother and baby. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of the quality of life in the postpartum period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 eligible women aged 18 to 47 yr, in the postpartum period, selected from clinics affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic and obstetric questionnaire and Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.96 to assess personal details and postpartum quality of life. Data analyzed using SPSS. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between maternal predictors and quality of life in the postpartum period. Results: The postpartum quality of life had a significant relationship with income status (P<0.001), Number of Children (P=0.031), mother's education(P=0.009) and maternal complications (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed the relationship between maternal predictors and the postpartum quality of life. It could facilitate clinicians and educators to improve the quality of life for postpartum women.

The Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Instrument (MPQOL-I): development and psychometric evaluation in an exploratory sequential mixed-method study.

BACKGROUND: " Postpartum quality of life" refers to women's satisfaction of their position in life, based on cultural status, expectations, values, attitudes, goals, and living standards. Hence the need to pay attention to more specific dimensions of quality of life in the postpartum period is being sensed. This study was conducted to develop the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Instrument (MPQOL-I) and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS: This methodological study was conducted in 2019-2020. This exploratory, sequential mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. The first phase is MPQOL-I development and the second phase is psychometric evaluation of the developed scale. In the quantitative (psychometric evaluation) phase, face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity and reliability of the scale were tested. RESULTS: In this study, 5 factors were extracted from items through exploratory factor analysis: (1) received support, (2) sexual relations, (3) bonding with newborn, (4) breastfeeding and newborn care, and (5) the transition period. These factors accounted for 53.26% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggested the goodness-of-fit indices was acceptable. Furthermore, the internal consistency and composite reliability indices of factors were greater than 0.7. CONCLUSION: The sixteen-item Persian language MPQOL-I is a valid and reliable instrument for postpartum quality of life assessment. It includes items from different aspects of postpartum quality of life and can be used for the early diagnosis of impaired postpartum quality of life. Further studies are needed to assess the psychometric properties of MPQOL-I in different cultures and communities.

Predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age: Path analysis model.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age using the path analysis model. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 608 women referred to clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021 using multistage sampling. Data were collected using a personal-demographic questionnaire, the SES scale developed by Garmaroudi et al. in Iran, the Perceived Social Support scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS and LISREL-1.96 software at a significance level of p < .05. RESULTS: Most surveyed women were aged 21-30 years (50.2%) and were housewives (68%). According to the results of the path analysis test, among the variables that were causally related to marital satisfaction in only one path, depression had the highest negative correlation with marital satisfaction in the direct path (B = -0.23), SES the highest positive correlation in the indirect path (B = 2.336), and social support the highest positive correlation both in the direct and indirect paths (B = 0.365). CONCLUSION: The results showed that more favorable social support and SES are associated with higher marital satisfaction while a higher level of depression is associated with a lower marital satisfaction. Therefore, these factors play important roles in marriage sustainability and marital satisfaction.

Development of Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: In order to gain a better perspective of the developmental status of children in different regions of Iran, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the factors impacting child development in Iranian studies. MATERIALS & METHODS: Articles published in Iranian and international journals indexed in the SID, PubMed, Scopus and Magiran databases from 2001-2015 were systematically reviewed using standard and sensitive keywords. After evaluating the quality of 155 articles in the initial search, 26 articles were analyzed according to the inclusion criteria. After investigations, meta-analysis was done for six studies and the results were combined using Random Effects model, and the heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the I2 index. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 11.2. RESULTS: Eagger & Beggs tests, respectively with 0/273 & 0/260 did not confirm the probability of publication bias in the data, but heterogeneity in studies was confirmed (p˂0/001). On such basis, the pooled prevalence of developmental disorder based on Random Effect model was calculated to be 0.146, CI (0/107-0/184). The prevalence of developmental disorders in children in the studies reviewed was reported between 7 to 22.4%. The most important risk factors were in SES )Socio Economic Status) and Prenatal, Perinatal, Neonatal &Child groups. CONCLUSION: More extensive studies and early intervention with respect to causes of developmental delay in children seems necessary.

Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream as Analgesia for IUD Insertion: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Triple Blinded Study.

INTRODUCTION: Copper IUD is a long term and reversible contraception which equals tubal ligation in terms of sterilization. One of the barriers to using this contraception method is the fear and the pain associated with its insertion. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) 5% is a local anesthetic that contains 25 mg lidocaine and 25 mg of prilocaine per gram. Application of topical analgesic cream to the cervix for laser surgery, hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography is known Aims: this study aimed to determine the effect of EMLA on IUD insertion pain. METHODS: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted on 92 women in a clinic in Hamedan in 2012. After applying the cream on the cervix, pain in three steps, after using Tenaculum, after inserting hystrometr and after inserting IUD and removing IUD insertion tube were assessed with visual analog scale and were compared in EMLA group and placebo group Statistical analysis used to determine and compare the pain of independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square tests to determine the homogeneity of variables and Fisher's exact test was used. RESULTS: Insertion hystrometr was determined as the most painful IUD insertion. The mean pain at step 2 (inserting hystrometr) was (3.11±2.53) in EMLA group, (5.23±2.31) in placebo group. EMLA cream significantly reduced the pain after using tenaculum (P<0.001), pain inserting Hystrometr (P< 0.001) and pain at IUD insertion and removing insertion tube (P< 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Topical Application of EMLA 5% cream as a topical anesthetic on the cervix before insertion IUD reduced the pain during this procedure.