Dupuytren's disease: A reality in Black Africa.

Long regarded as a disease exclusively found amongst Northern Europeans, Dupuytren's disease was seldom studied amongst Black Africans. Thus, we sought to study the impact of Dupuytren's disease, its etiological, clinical and evolutionary peculiarities on a segment of the Senegalese population. This study analyzed data derived from clinical observations carried out between January 2006 and December 2018. It involved Senegalese subjects with Dupuytren's disease, the patients' history, profession, habitus, clinical findings, therapeutic modalities and disease staging. The population included 20 men and 6 women averaging 63.5 years of age (range 45-77). None of the patients reported a family of Dupuytren's disease. Twelve patients had diabetes, 11 were smokers and 22 were engaged exclusively in manual labor. The condition was bilateral in 14 cases. Tubiana stages N, I, II, III and IV were found in 31, 15, 9, 5 and 6 rays, respectively. Conservative treatment was done in 11 patients. Surgical treatment was carried out in the other 15 patients: needle fasciotomy (N=10) including two bilateral involvement and open fasciectomy (N=7). Functional outcomes were satisfactory. Lesions were all stable in the short and medium term. Two patients had progressive lesions on a longer-term basis. Dupuytren's disease is real among Afro-descendants from Senegal even though it is seldom studied. Based on the patients' recollection of Dupuytren's disease in their families, heredity is not yet a proven factor. The early forms are more common, and the lesions remain stable for a long time.

[Epidemio-clinicalappearances of care-associated infections in the resuscitation unit of Gabriel Touré teaching hospital (Bamako)]. / Aspects epidemio-cliniques des infections associees aux soins (IAS) dans le service de reanimation du CHU Gabriel Toure.

An infection is said to be associated with care (IAS) when it occurs during or after a patient's management (PEC). A delay of at least 48 hours after admission is commonly accepted to distinguish a nosocomial infection from a community infection.in 2009, WHO estimated that 1.4 million people were sick in the world afterhospital-acquired infections. This prevalence remains largely underestimated in Sub - Saharan Africa, and particularly in Mali, which led us to initiatethiswork, whichaimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of nosocomial infections, determine their frequency and identify the germs responsible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study, over 12 months from January 1st to December 31st, 2016, in the resuscitation department of CHU Gabriel Touré. Including all patients with a temperature greater than or equal to 38 ° C occurring after at least 48 hours of admission. The data were collected through the surveycards and medical records. The input and analysis made respectivelyfrom Epi info software and the 2016 Office Pack (Word, Excel, Power Point). RESULTS: Duringourstudy of 200 hospitalized patients we collected 35 IAS cases, aprevalence of 17.5%. The male sex was predominant with 60.5% and a sex ratio = 1.53. The average age was 34.28 ± 19.11 yearsold. The traumatized head with 10 cases (28.5%) were the most represented, followed by surgery postoperative 7 cases (20%) and burned 5 cases (14.2%). We carried out 51 samples (15 bronchial samples all positive, 13 ECBUs of which 11 positive, 7 blood cultures, one positive, 12 swabs all positive). The diagnoses retainedwere: ventilated lungdisease 12 cases (34.3%), urinary infection alone 8 cases (22.9%), 6 cases (17.1%) of surgical site infection, 6 cases (17.1%) ) of soft tissue infection and 3 cases (8.6%) of pneumopathy associated with urinary tract infection. The germs found were multidrug-resistant bacilli (BMR), for bronchial samples (Klebsialla pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Echerichia coli). ECBU were found 08 cases of Echerichia coliand 01 case of enterococcusfaecalus, and 2 cases of association Echerichia coli and enterococcus faecalus; blood cultures: staphylococcus aureus. The swabsfound: Klebsialla pneumonia, Echerichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii enterobacter, cloecae, Staphylococcus aureus, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis. The average duration of treatment of patients with IAS was 8 days with extremes of 2 to 15 days. The mortality was 57.1%. CONCLUSION: This study allowed us to notice a resistance of different germs to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to change the behavior of our health care facilities in order to meet this challenge.

Une infection est dite associée aux soins (IAS) lorsqu'elle survient au cours ou au décours d'une prise en charge (PEC) d'un patient. Un délai d'au moins 48 heures après admission est communément accepté pour distinguer une infection nosocomiale d'une infection communautaire. En 2009, l'OMS estimait que 1,4 millions de personnes étaient malades dans le Monde de suite d'infections contractées en milieu hospitalier. Cette prévalence reste largement sous-estimée en Afrique Sub-saharienne et particulièrement au Mali ce qui nous a conduit à initier ce travail qui avait pour object de décrire les aspects épidémio - cliniques des infections nosocomiales déterminer leur fréquence et d'identifier les germes responsables. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, sur 12 mois allant du 1er Janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2016 au service de réanimation de CHU Gabriel Touré, incluanttous les patients présentant une température corporelle supérieure ou égale à 38°C apparaissant après au moins 48 heures d'admission. Les données ont été collectées par le biais des fiches d'enquêtes et des dossiers médicaux. La saisie et l'analyse faites respectivement à partir logiciel Epi info. RÉSULTATS: Durant notre étude sur 200 patients hospitalisésnous avons enregisytré 35 cas IASsoit une prévalence de 17,5%. Le sexe masculin était prédominant avec 60,5% et unsexratio=1,53. La moyenne d'âge était de 34,28 ans± 19,11 ans.Les traumatisés crâniens avec 10 cas (28,5%) étaient les plus représentés, suivis des post opératoire de chirurgie 7 cas (20%) et des brulés 5 cas (14,2%).Nous avons réalisé 51 prélèvements (15 prélèvements bronchiques tous positifs, 11 ECBU dont 11 positifs,7 hémocultures dont unepositive, 12 écouvillonnages tous positifs).Les diagnostics retenus étaient : les pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation 12 cas (34,3%), l'infection urinaire seule 8 cas (22,9 %), 6 cas (17,1%) d'infection du site opératoire, 6 cas (17,1%) d'infection des parties molles et 3 cas(8,6%) de pneumopathie associée à une infection urinaire. Les germes retrouvés étaient des bacilles multi-résistantes (BMR), pour les prélèvements bronchiques (Klebsialla pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Echerichia coli). Les ECBU ont retrouvé 08 cas de Echerichia coli et 01 cas d'enterococcus faecalus, et 2 cas associant Echerichia coli et l'enterococcus faecalus.l'hémoculture : staphylococcus aureus. Les écouvillonnages ont retrouvé, Klebsialla pneumonie, Echerichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii enterobacter, cloecae, Staphylococcus aureus, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis. La durée moyenne du traitement des patients avec IAS était de 8jours avec des extrêmes de 2 à 15 jours. La mortalité était de 57,1%. CONCLUSION: Cette étude nous a permis de constater une résistance des différents germes aux antibiotiques. Il faut donc un changement de comportement au niveau de la pratique des soins de nos structures sanitaires pour relever ce défi.

Organization of funding for community-based HIV testing in Côte d'Ivoire: potentially counterproductive search for efficiency?

Since the early 2010s, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Pepfar) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria have stiffened their result-based management strategies. Disbursement conditions are increasingly demanding for funded NGOs (achievement of quantified objectives, frequent reporting, and monitoring of activities), and their remuneration depends on the results achieved. This article aims to analyze the effects of this strengthening of policies based on New Public Management on local implementation of activities, based on the example of community-based HIV testing. In three health districts of Côte d'Ivoire, in 2015 and 2016, we mapped the actors involved in community-based HIV testing and conducted semi-directive interviews with members of the community-based NGOs (n = 18). The funding of local HIV testing organizations is channeled through intermediary organizations according to a complex pyramid system. This, combined with cumbersome activity reporting and data validation, results in delays in the disbursement of funds and significantly reduces the actual time available to implement activities, i.e., to less than half the time planned for this purpose. This managerialization -of both Pepfar and the Global Fund - produces the counterproductive effects against which it was supposed to fight.

Kinetics of maternally-derived serogroup A, C, Y and W-specific meningococcal immunoglobulin G in Malian women and infants.

A prospective, randomised, controlled observer-blind trial measuring the efficacy and immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and the immunogenicity of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV) in pregnant women and their infants up to 6 months of age was conducted in Mali. Here we reported the immunogenicity of MCV, which was used as a comparator vaccine to TIV, in this population. Third-trimester pregnant Malian women were randomized to receive TIV or MCV. Blood samples were collected from women prior to vaccination, 28 days post-vaccination, at delivery and 3 and 6 months post-delivery and from infants at birth and 3 and 6 months of age. Meningococcal-specific serogroup (Men) A, C, Y and W-specific antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in a randomly selected subset of 50 mother-infant pairs where the mother had received MCV. At birth, 94.0% (47/50) of infants had MenA specific IgG levels ≥ 2 µg/mL decreasing to 72.9% and 30.4% at 3 and 6 months of age. For MenC, 81.3% (39/48) of infants had MenC specific IgG levels ≥ 2 µg/mL at birth decreasing to 29.4% and 17.8% at 3 and 6 months of age. For MenY, 89.6% (43/48) of infants had MenY specific IgG levels ≥ 2 µg/mL at birth decreasing to 64.6% and 62.5% at 3 and 6 months of age. For MenW, 89.6% (43/48) of infants had MenW specific IgG levels ≥ 2 µg/ml at birth decreasing to 62.5% and 41.7% at 3 and 6 months of age. Maternal immunization with MCV conveyed protective levels of IgG at birth through to 3 months of age in the majority of infants.

[Cranio-encephalic trauma in children at the Emergency room of the Teaching Hospital- Gabriel Touré of Bamako]. / Traumatismes cranio-encephaliques de l'enfant dans le service d'accueil des urgences du Chu-Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of head trauma in children at the emergency room. METHOD: This was a descriptive longitudinal study over 1 year from February 2016 to February 2017, which included any patient aged 0 to 15 years who had cranial trauma The data were collected from a pre-established questionnaire, analyzed by the software (SPSS 22.0, EXCEL and WORD 2010).The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis, a value <0.5 considered significant. RESULTS: During the study period, 19825 consultations were performed at the emergency service of which 297 cranial trauma occurred in children, ie 1.5%. The male sex was predominant at 68% with a Sex ratio (H / F) = 2.13. The 6-10 age group was the most represented with 39.4%. The students were the most represented with 58.9%. Road accidents were the predominant mechanism of injury with 54.9%. Civil protection transported 29% of the wounded. The motorcycle-pedestrian mechanism was more frequent at 27.6% (n = 82). CT was severe in 17.8% (n = 53) of patients. The photomotor reflex was abnormal in 29% (n = 86). The trauma of the lower limb was associated in 39.3%. Craniosphalic CT with cervical scan was the most performed with 73.8%. The brain lesions were in the majority with 41.1%. The average care time was 9.82h in 54.2%. Exclusive medical treatment was adopted in 91.2% of cases. The tramadol and paracetamol combination was mainly used in analgesia with 78.1% of cases The evacuation of the hematoma was the most used surgical procedure with 65.4%. Hyperthermia was the most represented ACSOS (secondary cerebral aggression of systemic origin) with 6.7%. Death before care accounted for 5.4% (n = 16), hospital death at 12.8% (n = 38). The admission time to UE was 24-48h in 31.6% (n = 168). Prognostic factors were related to Motor Photo Reflex (p = 0.002), mechanism (p = 0.01), Glasgow score

OBJECTIF: Analyser l'aspect épidémioclinique et évolutif des traumatismes crâniens chez l'enfant au service d'accueil des urgences (SAU). MÉTHODE: Etude longitudinale descriptive sur 1 an qui a inclus tout patient âgé de 0 à 15 ans victime de TCE. Les données ont été recueillies à partir d'un questionnaire préétabli, analysées par les logiciels SPSS 22.0, EXCEL et WORD 2010, les tests (chi-carré, Fisher) ont été utilisés pour l'analyse statistique, une valeur < à 0,05 considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: 19825 ont été admis au SAU dont 9912 victimes de traumatismes, parmi lesquelles 297 TCE ont été diagnostiqués chez l'enfant soit 1,5%. Le sexe masculin a été prédominant à 68%. La tranche d'âge 6-10 ans a été la plus représentée 39,4%. Les élèves étaient les plus représentés avec 58,9%. Les accidents de la Voie publique ont été le mécanisme lésionnel le plus fréquent 54,9%.La protection civile a transporté 29% des blessés. Le mécanisme moto-piéton a été plus fréquent à 27,6% (n=82). Le TC était grave chez 17.8% (n=53). Le reflexe photomoteur était anormal chez 29% (n=86). Le traumatisme du membre inferieur était associé dans 39,3%. Le taux de réalisation de la TDM cranioencephalique avec balayage cervical a été de 73,8% et a objectivé des lésions cérébrales dans 41,1%.Le délai d'admission au SAU était 31.6% (n=168) entre 24-48h. Le délai de prise en charge chirurgicale moyenne était de 9,82h chez 54.2%. Le traitement médical exclusif a été adopté dans 91,2% des cas. L'association tramadol et paracétamol a été la plus utilisée en analgésie avec 78,1% des cas. Le geste chirurgical a représenté 8,8% à type d'évacuation de l'hématome avec 65,4%. L'hyperthermie était l'agression cérébrale secondaire d'origine systémique (ACSOS) la plus représentée avec 6,7%. Le décès avant soins a représenté 5.4% (n=16), le décès hospitalier était de 12.8% (n=38). Les facteurs pronostiques étaient le réflexe photo moteur (p=0,002), le mécanisme (p=0,01), le score de Glasgow < à 9 (p=0,003), le délai de prise en charge (p=0,002) et l'association d'au moins deux ACSOS. CONCLUSION: le TCE chez l'enfant demeure un véritable problème de santé publique responsable d'une morbimortalité élevée, la prise en charge des ACSOS en pré hospitalier diminuerait significativement cette morbimortalité.

[Epidemiological scope of traditional gold panning with trauma in emergency service at Gabriel Touré teaching hospital]. / Aspects Epidemiocliniques des Traumatismes au Cours de L'Orpaillage Traditionnel au Service D'Accueil des Urgences du CHU Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Traditional gold washing traumatism during traditional gold panningfalls within the scope of occupational accidents, which are common pathologies in developing countries such as Mali. Our work aimed to study traumatism during traditional gold panning. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 1-year prospective study from November 2014 to November 2015 on the cases of traumatism during traditional gold washing (TOT) admitted to the emergency room(ER) of the University Hospital Gabriel Touré during the study period. Data were collected from outpatient visit records and medical charts. Data were collected on the survey sheets and analyzed with Epi-info version 7.1.1.0.fr software. Data entry was made with Windows 7 software. RESULTS: During the study period, 21,400 patients were admitted to the ER, of whom 445 patients were victims of traumatism, a frequency of 2.08% of all outpatient visits in the ER. The age group 21-40 years old was the most represented with 64.94% of the cases. The male gender was predominant with 77.08% of the cases with a sex ratio of 3.36. Mine landslides were the most common causality in 65.39% of the cases. Dorsal spine involvement was the most common with 41.80% of cases. Medullary vertebral fracture was the most frequent diagnosis with 43.82% of cases. In total, 79.55% of patients received medical treatment. Patients or were transferred to neurosurgery department in 58.20% of cases. CONCLUSION: Traumatism during traditional gold panning is common. Lesions most often fit in a context of polytraumatism. The rapidity of the diagnosis and management are crucial to the prognosis of the disease.

INTRODUCTION: Les traumatismes d'orpaillage traditionnel entrent dans le cadre des accidents de travail survenu au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel fréquemment rencontrés dans certains pays en voie de développement comme le Mali. Nous avons entrepris cette étude dans le but d'étudier les traumatismes au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Etude prospective sur un an, de novembre 2014 à novembre 2015 portant sur les cas des traumatismes au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel (TOT) admis au service d'accueil et des urgences (SAU) pendant la période d'étude. Les données étaient recueillies à partir des registres de consultation, des dossiers médicaux. Les données ont été collectées sur les fiches d'enquête et analysées à partir du logiciel Epi-info version 7.1.1.0.fr. La saisie a été faite à partir du logiciel Windows 7. RÉSULTATS: Durant la période d'étude, 21400 patients ont été admis au SAU, parmi lesquels 445 patients étaient victimes des traumatismes soit une fréquence de 2,08% de l'ensemble des consultations du service. La tranche d'âge de 21­40 ans a été la plus représentée avec 64,94% des cas. Le sexe masculin a été prédominant soit 77,08% des cas avec un sex ratio de 3,36 en faveur des hommes. Les éboulements de mine ont été l'étiologie la plus fréquente avec 65,39% des cas. L'atteinte dorsale était la plus fréquente avec 41,80% des cas. La fracture vertébro médullaire a été le diagnostic le plus fréquent avec 43,82% des cas. La majorité des patients soit 79,55% des cas ont reçu un traitement médical. La plupart des patients soit 58,20% des cas ont été transférés en neurochirurgie. CONCLUSION: Les traumatismes survenus au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel sont fréquents. Les lésions s'intègrent le plus souvent dans un contexte de poly-traumatisme. La rapidité du diagnostic et de la prise en charge sont déterminants au pronostic de la maladie.

[Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of Myelopathies in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital Center of Cocody, Abidjan (Ivory Coast)]. / Caractéristiques épidémiocliniques et étiologiques des myélopathies dans le service de neurologie du CHU de Cocody d'Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire).

The term myelopathy defines a suffering of the spinal cord whatever the etiologies. They often represent real therapeutic emergencies and are burdened by serious functional sequelae. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and etiological aspects of all myelopathies. We have conducted a prospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 at the Neurology department of the Cocody University Hospital in Abidjan. Seventy-one patients out of 1,006 were included, that is, a prevalence of 7.06%. The sex ratio was 1.7. The average age was 49 years old. HIV was associated with myelopathy in 24.7% of cases. Medullary compression syndrome was predominant. Pott's disease was the etiology of compressive myelopathies (43.9%) followed by bone metastases (26.8%). Tuberculous myelitis was the most common etiology of non-compressive myelopathies (30%). Myelites of undetermined causes account for 50% of non-compressive myelopathies.

Le terme de myélopathie définit une souffrance de la moelle épinière quelles que soient les étiologies. Les myélopathies réalisent souvent de véritables urgences thérapeutiques et sont grevées de lourdes séquelles fonctionnelles. L'objectif de ce travail était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et étiologiques de toutes les myélopathies identifiées lors d'une étude prospective et descriptive qui s'est déroulée du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2016 dans le service de neurologie du CHU de Cocody d'Abidjan. Soixante et onze patients sur 1 006 ont été inclus, soit une prévalence de 7,06 %. Le sex-ratio (H/F) était égal à 1,7. L'âge moyen était de 49 ans. Le VIH était associé à la myélopathie dans 24,7 % (17 patients) des cas. Le syndrome de compression médullaire était majoritaire. Le mal de Pott était l'étiologie la plus fréquante des myélopathies compressives (43,9 %), suivi des métastases osseuses (26,8 %). La myélite tuberculeuse était l'étiologie la plus fréquente des myélopathies non compressives (30 %). Les myélites de cause indéterminée représentaient 50 % des cas des myélopathies non compressives.

[Fusarioses to Fusarium solani in an immunocompetent and immunocompromised diagnosed in military hospital of Rabat]. / Fusarioses superficielles à Fusarium solani chez un immunocompétent et un immunodéprimé diagnostiquées à l'Hôpital militaire de Rabat.

Fusarium are ubiquitous hyalohyphomycoses, usually encountered in the soil. They are the second unusual fungal pathogens after the Trichosporon. Intertrigo Fusarium sp. is a rare achievement. We report a case of intertrigos interorteils in an immunocompetent 45years old and a same case associated with a total onychodystrophy in an immunocompromised 75year-old. Laboratory diagnosis has found Fusarium solani confirmed with the positivity of a pure culture twice. Good progress was noted with terbinafine treatment. One or more aggravating factors must always be sought. These cases are in addition to cases increasingly frequent intertrigo due to Fusarium sp.

[Impact of egg laying delay on reproduction, gorging habit and mortality in gravid females Anopheles gambiae (Diptera Culicidae)]. / Impact du retard de ponte sur la reproduction, l'habitude de gorgement et la mortalité chez les femelles gravides d'Anopheles gambiae (Diptera Culicidae).

The main vector of malaria Anopheles gambiae maintains the transmission of malaria over long periods of time, because of the exceptional longevity and great ability to adapt to various environments. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the predefined egg laying delay that characterizes long dry seasons on reproductive dynamics, feeding habit, and mortality rate of An. gambiae gravid females. For this purpose, gravid females of An. gambiae awaiting laying, previously fed with blood were kept under observation in cages for several weeks. Then, at the end of predefined periods of observation, these gravid females were individually made to lay eggs, and the development cycle of eggs was studied in comparison with eggs laid in the normal conditions (controls). In addition, the behaviour of feeding and mortality rate were studied in gravid females kept in cages, without laying, for several weeks. The results obtained show that the average egg-laying number of the control females varies little from that of the females obliged to retain their eggs in abdomen for several days. The hatching rate was 86.2% in no retention batches and 31% in a 50-day retention batches. The adults' emergence rate was 77.7% in no eggs retention batches and 18.3% for eggs laid after 50 days of retention. In the batches of eggs with 20 days of retention, the emergence rate decreased significantly 0.89 times compared to control batches. The feeding rate of gravid females increased from 96.7% at the 1st blood meal to 12.5% at the 10th. In addition, the mortality rate of gravid females awaiting for laying is 0.36 times lower than that of no gravid females.

[Digestive tract perforations at Point G Teaching Hospital in Bamako, Mali]. / Perforations Digestives Au CHU Du Point G.

AIMS: To determine the most frequent causes of the digestive perforations and to evaluate the surgical procedures, the morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was about a retrospective descriptive study, over 5 year's period in a visceral service of CHU du Point G, Bamako. Were included in the study all the patients operated for digestive perforation and hospitalized in the service of surgery "A". Were not included in the study patient operated not presenting a digestive perforation. Per operational etiologies of the perforations and their frequency were determined, as well as the morbidity and morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Files of 202 patients were collected. The average age of the patients was 28.3 ± 15.5 years with extremes of 6 and 71 years. The frequency of digestive perforations was higher in the age from 11 to 20 years (29.7%). The average time of consultation was of 7± 6 days. Abdominal pains, nauseas and vomiting, matter and gas stop (48.5%) were the most current functional signs. A "wood belly" abdomen was found in 72,3% of the cases. The radiography of abdomen without preparation found a diffuse greyness (64.7%), a pneumoperitoine (30.7%). A double antibiotic therapy was made in all the cases. A median laparotomy was practiced in 98,5%, and laparoscopy in 3 cases (1.5%). A single perforation was found among 172 patients (85,1%). Morbidity, all confused causes, was made of 30 cases of parietal suppurations (14.8%). Total mortality was 74%. According to aetiologies it was 10.3% in the typhic perforations, 4.6% in the appendicular perforations and 4.9% in the perforations of gastroduodenal ulcers. CONCLUSION: The most frequent aetiologies of digestive perforation in our context were the typhoid fever, acute appendicitis and the gastroduodenal ulcer. The résection - joining and peritoneal toilet were the most practised procedure. The main factor of bad outcome remains the diagnostic delay burdening morbidity and mortality.

[Infratentorial ischemic stroke in children: Three case reports]. / Accidents vasculaires cérébraux de la fosse postérieure chez l'enfant : à propos de trois cas.

Ischemic stroke is rare in children, most of which occur in the supratentorial brain, and infratentorial infarcts are very rare. Some clinical manifestations may be similar but others such as ataxia and cranial nerve palsy are more specific. Vertebral artery dissection is the most frequent cause of stroke in the vertebrobasilar territory, but the cause most often remains unknown in children. We report three cases of infratentorial stroke in children. The first observation concerns a 4-year-old boy brought to medical attention because left hemicorporal motor deficit associated with ataxia following a minor cranial traumatism. While computed tomography (CT) of the brain was normal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an area of signal alteration on the diffusion-weighted image within the right protuberance. The second observation is a 15-year-old girl who developed sudden-onset ataxia. The CT scan and MRI of the brain revealed an acute bilateral cerebellar stroke. MRI angiography showed an anatomical variant of the left vertebral artery that did not participate in the Willis polygon. In these two observations, no other abnormalities were detected except they were homozygotous for MTHFR mutation in the first observation and minor alpha-thalassemia for the second one. The outcome in these two children was good without sequelae after a 6-month follow-up. The third observation is a 6-year-old girl who suddenly exhibited cephalalgia, ataxia, and left visual impairment. The brain MRI revealed left occipital and cerebellar strokes due to vertebral artery dissection. The authors recommend the systematic search for vertebral artery dissection in cases of infratentorial stroke.

[Epidemiologic profile of acute intoxications at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital]. / Profil epidemiologique des intoxications aiguës au C.H.U. Gabriel Toure.

PURPOSE: Determine the epidemiology of intoxications in the emergency service medico-surgical. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The stady was retrospective and transversal from January 2002 to December 2006 in the service of medical surgical emergencies of the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré. Where included all patients admitted and presenting with acute poisoning. Chi2 test was used to compare our results and the level of significance set at p <0.05. RESULTS: Over 5 years, 365 cases of intoxication were collected on a total of 10997 admission with a prevalence of 3.32 %. Patients aged of 0-20 years accounted for 46.58% of cases. The female patients were predominant with 62.47 % of cases. Pupils and students predominated with 31.51 %. Antimalarials were found primarily at the base of poisoning with 32.33 % of cases of drug poisoning. The digestive tract was predominant with 97.81%. CONCLUSION: The typical profile of acute poisoning is a young female pupil or student who took a voluntary drug substance.

Effects of seasonality and irrigation on malaria transmission in two villages in Côte d'Ivoire.

The seasonality of malaria transmission was investigated in two villages in central Côte d'Ivoire: one usually with irrigated rice farming (Zatta) and one without (Tiémélékro). Adult mosquitoes were collected, from February 2002 to August 2005, inside and outside sentinel houses. In Tiémélékro, the biting rate of Anopheles gambiae s.s. showed a significant difference between the dry and rainy season only in 2003 (P<0.001). The corresponding rates for An. funestus s.s. showed significant seasonal differences in both 2002 and 2003 (P<0.001 for each year). In Zatta in 2003-2004, when irrigated rice farming was interrupted, there was no significant difference between the An. gambiae s.s. biting rates recorded in the dry and rainy seasons. In both 2002 and 2005, however, when irrigated rice farming was practised, the An. gambiae s.s. biting rate recorded in Zatta during the rainy season was significantly higher than that seen in the dry season (P<0.001 for each year). With just one exception (in Tiémélékro in 2005, the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in the An. funestus was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season), no significant seasonal differences were seen in the prevalences of Plasmodium infection among the An. gambiae or An. funestus. In conclusion, although malaria transmission is quite stable in central Côte d'Ivoire throughout the year, it can be distinctly modified by irrigated rice farming.

[Medical care of post-operative pain in pediatric surgery: comparison of three protocols]. / Prise en charge de la douleur post-operatoire en chirurgie pediatrique: comparaison de trios protocoles.

UNLABELLED: The gains of the struggle against the pain of the child are still fragile and poorly insured despite advances in both information and evaluate the degree of pain in the range of means at our disposal. The absence of systematic management of pain especially post-operative pain in pediatric surgery and the difficulty of obtaining a vein justify this study. PURPOSE: The purpose was to compare analgesic effect of three protocols. TYPE OF STUDY: prospective and comparative study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study was prospective and comparative. It took place in the services of anesthesia and intensive care and pediatric surgery of Gabriel Toure Hospital in Bamako during October 2003 to July 2004.Patients were randomized to three protocols: protocol A patients who received paracetamol suppository at a dose of 15 mg/kg,protocol B patients who received niflumique acid suppository at a dose of 13 mg/kg and protocol C patients who receiving combination paracetamol at a dose of 15 mg/kg with acid niflumique at a dose of 13 mg/kg per rectally. The first dose for each protocol was administered after anesthetic induction. In Protocol C paracetamol was administered immediately after induction and niflumique acid on awakening. RESULTS: During the period, 202 patients were randomized to three protocols: protocol A (n = 65), protocol B (n = 69),protocol C (n = 68). Poignant pain has been observed with EVS ladder against none with the grid OPS.Patients of protocol C surgery for hernia had moderate pain with 4.40% of cases against 9.60% of patients in the protocol B with P = 0.0024 and 12% of patients in Protocol A, with P = 0.0018 in OPS. Patient's protocol C surgery for hernia showed no intensive pain against 14.20% of the patients in protocol B and 11.4% of patients in group A with EVS scale. No side effects related molecules have been observed in the three protocols. CONCLUSION: Association of paracetamol and niflumique acid provides a quality analgesia by postoperative rectally in pediatric surgery.

Prise en charge de la douleur post-operatoire en chirurgie pediatrique : comparaison de trois protocoles

Les acquis de la lutte contre la douleur de l'enfant sont encore fragiles et mal assures malgre les progres tant dans l'information et l'evaluation du niveau de la douleur que dans l'eventail des moyens mis a notre disposition. L'absence de prise en charge systematique de la douleur plus particulierement la douleur post operatoire en chirurgie pediatrique et la difficulte d'avoir une voie veineuse justifient la presente etude. Objectif : L'objet etait de comparer l'effet analgesique de trois protocoles. Materiel et methode : Notre etude a ete prospective et comparative. Elle s'etait deroulee dans les services d'anesthesie reanimation et de chirurgie pediatrique de l'Hopital Gabriel TOURE de Bamako d'octobre 2003 a juillet 2004. Les patients etaient randomises dans trois protocoles : protocole A patients qui recevaient du paracetamol suppositoire a la dose de 15mg/kg; protocole B patients qui recevaient de l'acide niflumique suppositoire a la dose de 13mg/kg et protocole C patients qui recevaient association paracetamol a la dose de 15mg/kg a l'acide niflumique a la dose de 13mg/kg par voie rectale. Les premieres doses pour chaque protocole etaient administrees juste apres induction anesthesique. Dans le protocole C le paracetamol etait administre juste apres induction et l'acide niflumique au reveil. Resultats : Pendant la periode 202 patients ont ete randomises en trois protocoles : protocole A (n=65); protocole B (n=69); protocole C (n=68). Les douleurs intenses ont ete observees avec l'echelle EVS contre aucune avec la grille OPS. Les patients du protocole C operes pour hernie ont presente une douleur modere avec 4;40des cas contre 9;60des patients du protocole B avec P = 0;0024 et 12des patients du protocole A avec P = 0;0018 avec l'OPS. Les patients du protocole C operes pour hernies n'ont presente aucune douleur intense contre 14;20des patients du protocole B et 11;4des patients du groupe A avec EVS. Aucun effet secondaire lie aux molecules n'a ete observe dans les trois protocoles. Conclusion : L'association paracetamol et acide niflumique procure une analgesie de qualite par voie rectale en postoperatoire en chirurgie pediatrique

Aspects épidemiocliniques des traumatismes au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel au service d'accueil des urgences du CHU Gabriel Touré de Bamako

Introduction : Les traumatismes d'orpaillage traditionnel entrent dans le cadre des accidents de travail survenu au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel fréquemment rencontrés dans certains pays en voie de développement comme le Mali. Nous avons entrepris cette étude dans le but d'étudier les traumatismes au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel. Matériel et méthode : Etude prospective sur un an, de novembre 2014 à novembre 2015 portant sur les cas des traumatismes au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel (TOT) admis au service d'accueil et des urgences (SAU) pendant la période d'étude. Les données étaient recueillies à partir des registres de consultation, des dossiers médicaux. Les données ont été collectées sur les fiches d'enquête et analysées à partir du logiciel Epi-info version 7.1.1.0.fr. La saisie a été faite à partir du logiciel Windows 7. Résultats : Durant la période d'étude, 21400 patients ont été admis au SAU, parmi lesquels 445 patients étaient victimes des traumatismes soit une fréquence de 2,08% de l'ensemble des consultations du service. La tranche d'âge de 21-40 ans a été la plus représentée avec 64,94% des cas. Le sexe masculin a été prédominant soit 77,08% des cas avec un sex ratio de 3,36 en faveur des hommes. Les éboulements de mine ont été l'étiologie la plus fréquente avec 65,39% des cas. L'atteinte dorsale était la plus fréquente avec 41,80% des cas. La fracture vertébro médullaire a été le diagnostic le plus fréquent avec 43,82% des cas. La majorité des patients soit 79,55% des cas ont reçu un traitement médical. La plupart des patients soit 58,20% des cas ont été transférés en neurochirurgie. Conclusion : Les traumatismes survenus au cours de l'orpaillage traditionnel sont fréquents. Les lésions s'intègrent le plus souvent dans un contexte de poly-traumatisme. La rapidité du diagnostic et de la prise en charge sont déterminants au pronostic de la maladie

[Agricultural activities and malaria transmission in two eco-epidemiological settings in central Côte d'Ivoire]. / Pratiques agricoles et transmission du paludisme dans deux zones éco-épidémiologiques au centre de la Côte d'lvoire.

We comparatively studied the dynamics of malaria transmission in the villages of Zatta (located in close proximity to an irrigated rice perimeter) and Tiémélékro (rural area with traditional agriculture), central Côte d'Ivoire. In the former village, the irrigated rice farming had been interrupted in 2003/2004 due to a farmers' conflict over land. In each village, mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches at night in sentinel houses. Anopheles gambiae was the predominant malaria vector, followed by An. funestus. In Zatta, the return to an irrigated rice farming in January 2005 was paralleled by a significant increase of the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) ranging from 38 infective bites per person per year (ib/ply) in 2003 to 295 ib/ply in 2005. In Tiémélékro high EIRs were found in 2003 (342 ib/ply) and 2005 (572 ib/ply). Our findings confirm that changes in irrigated rice agriculture influence malaria transmission dynamics, and call for control measures that are readily adapted to local eco-epidemiological settings.

[Two cases of cryptococcal meningitis revealed by an ischemic stroke]. / Accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique révélateur de cryptococcose neuroméningée: à propos de deux cas.

The usual clinical expression of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis is a meningoencephalitis. We report two cases of neurocryptococcosis which have been revealed by an unusual clinical aspect: an ischemic stroke with a vasculitis mechanism. The two patients had a positive reaction for the HIV and we discussed the responsibility of the HIV or the Cryptococcus in the occurrence of the cerebral infarct.