RESUMO
The primary mode of transmission of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is unresolved. This study examined the possibility that H. pylori is water-borne. Because methods for the direct culture of H. pylori from water samples remain elusive, a microscopic technique was used for detection of this organism. Actively respiring micro-organisms binding monoclonal anti-H. pylori antibody were found in the majority of surface and shallow groundwater samples tested (n = 62), indicating that H. pylori may be present in aquatic environments in the US and supporting a water-borne route of transmission for this organism. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of either total coliforms or Escherichia coli in the water and the presence of H. pylori. Our results indicate that routine screening of water supplies for the presence of traditional indicator organisms may fail to protect the consumer from exposure to H. pylori.
Assuntos
Enterobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Água Doce/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Imunofluorescência , Corantes Fluorescentes , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Abastecimento de Água/análiseAssuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Stents , Adulto , Angiografia , Angioplastia com Balão , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cateterismo de Swan-Ganz , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Constrição Patológica/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Accurate determination of the radiation dose to the bladder wall from 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) is important because the bladder is the critical organ in radiotracer studies using 2-[18F]FDG. The radiation dose to the bladder wall from injected 2-[18F]FDG was estimated using both a dynamic bladder model and the conventional MIRD model. The dynamic model takes into account the excretion rate, the varying size of the bladder, the volume at injection, and an estimated bladder time activity curve. Our data from 302 adult subjects in a five-year period indicate that when the bladder is large at the time of injection, the dose to the bladder is greatly reduced. The absorbed dose of the bladder based on the dynamic model for an initial volume of 450 ml is 0.16 +/- 0.06 rad/mCi, while that for an initial volume of 200 ml is calculated to be 0.37 +/- 0.18 rad/mCi. The MIRD model estimates an average value of 0.35 +/- 0.16 rad/mCi for the 302 cases.