RESUMO
The capsule (cap) of Streptococcus suis is an anti-phagocytic element and is one of the major virulence factors. However, we have found cap-positive and cap-negative isolates in porcine endocarditis. Here, we compared genome sequences of multiple cap-negative isolates with those of a cap-positive isolate from a single endocarditis. Cap-positive and cap-negative isolates from the same pig were phylogenetically closest compared with those from other pigs. Some of cap-negative isolates from the same pig showed different mutations in capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes, suggesting that these isolates arisen in pigs after infection. Different mutations in whole-genomes were also found among isolates with identical mutations in cps genes, indicating that mutations in cps genes and the whole-genome occurred independently. Since cap-negative isolates are rarely found in lesions of other diseases, these results suggest that endocarditis lesions may simply favored cap-negative mutants to survive the niches, leading to their persistence in the lesions.
Assuntos
Cápsulas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Endocardite/veterinária , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Streptococcus suis/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Endocardite/microbiologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Filogenia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus suis/metabolismo , Streptococcus suis/patogenicidade , Suínos , VirulênciaRESUMO
Ethanol sclerotherapy is a first-line treatment for low-flow vascular malformations. Although many complications of ethanol sclerotherapy have been described in the literature, bronchospasm is uncommon. We present a case of a patient in whom bronchospasm was precipitated by injection of ethanol during percutaneous sclerotherapy for craniofacial venous malformations that occurred during general anesthesia. The evidence for ethanol-induced bronchospasm is discussed.
