Biologically active metabolites from fungi 14 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-(3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)-benzamide, a new antibacterial agent from a soil fungus.

The antibacterial 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-(3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)-benzamide, and the antifungal strobilurins B and D were isolated from an unidentified South African soil fungus.

Metabolites from fungi 15. New isocoumarins from an endophytic fungus isolated from the Canadian thistle Cirsium arvense.

One known (1) and five new polyketide metabolites (2-6) were isolated from the culture extract of an endophytic fungus, Mycelia sterila, from the Canadian thistle Cirsium arvense. Compounds 1-4 are members of the isocoumarin family, whereas metabolite 5 is a dihydrobenzofuran and 6 has an open chain structure. All compounds have an unusual methyl group at the aromatic ring that does not fit into the usual polyketide pattern.

Biologically active secondary metabolites from fungi. 12.(1) oidiolactones A-F, labdane diterpene derivatives isolated from oidiodendron truncata

Two known (1 and 2) and four new (3-6) diterpenes named oidiolactones A-F, respectively, and the antibiotic cladosporin were isolated from the fungus Oidiodendron truncata. The structure determination was mainly based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The structures of compound 4, displaying an equilibrium between open-chain and cyclized form, and of cladosporin were confirmed by X-ray analysis.

Herbarulide, a ketodivinyllactone steroid with an unprecedented homo-6-oxaergostane skeleton from the endophytic fungus pleospora herbarum1

The novel ketodivinyllactonic steroid, herbarulide (1), deviating from the brassinosteroids in the position of the oxygen, was isolated from the endophytic fungus Pleospora herbarum. The structure was determined by extensive NMR studies, including particularly HMQC and HMBC experiments.

Geniculol, a new biologically active diterpene from the endophytic fungus geniculosporium sp.1

An endophytic fungus of the genus Geniculosporium was isolated from Teucrium scorodonia. The EtOAc extract of this isolate exhibited antialgal activities, as well as demonstrating an interesting profile during chemical screening. After mass cultivation of this fungus, in an optimized agar medium, two of the compounds responsible for the observed biological activity were isolated, the new diterpene geniculol (1), and the known fungal metabolite cytochalasin F (2). Geniculol is an unprecedented and irregular diterpenoid. For 1 and 2 complete 1H and 13C NMR data are reported. Both metabolites exhibit algacidal properties. Additionally, cytochalasin F was shown to be an inhibitor of photosynthesis, suggesting an ecological function in the plant-symbiont relationship for this secondary metabolite.

Dihydroisocoumarins from fungi: isolation, structure elucidation, circular dichroism and biological activity.

Five known and three new dihydroisocoumarins were isolated from different fungi. The new isocoumarins are 5-chloro-6-hydroxymellein, 5-chloro-4,6-dihydroxymellein and 5,6-dihydroxymellein. The absolute configuration of these secondary metabolites was confirmed by CD measurements and in two cases by X-ray structure analysis.

The incidence of Legionella pneumophila as the cause of acute ambulatory lower respiratory tract infection.

Seventy-nine ambulatory patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection were evaluated for Legionella pneumophila by acute and convalescent antibody titers. None of the patients met the traditional criteria for the diagnosis of acute infection caused by Legionella pneumophila. Currently accepted criteria for diagnosing legionellosis by serologic means may or may not be applicable to mild respiratory tract infections.

Visual and auditory attention performance in hyperactive children: competence or compliance.

The effect of self-control and compliance on the attentional performance of hyperactive children was assessed. Visual and auditory attention tasks were presented in conditions in which the experimenter was either absent and therefore not imposing external control, or present and therefore imposing some degree of control. There was no difference in performance between hyperactives and controls when the experimenter was present, but the hyperactives' performance showed a greater deterioration than controls when the experimenter was absent. The amount of movement displayed during the tasks was greater for hyperactives and increased more for this group during experimenter-absent conditions. The results support the contention that noncompliance is a major contributor to the poor performance of hyperactive children, which can be seen as an "application" deficit rather than an "ability" deficit. These findings have relevance for the current debate on the association between hyperactivity and conduct disorder, and from an applied perspective they serve to stress the importance of situational contributors to the problem behaviors of hyperactive children.