RESUMO
gamma-Tubulin is essential for microtubule nucleation in yeast and other organisms; whether this protein is regulated in vivo has not been explored. We show that the budding yeast gamma-tubulin (Tub4p) is phosphorylated in vivo. Hyperphosphorylated Tub4p isoforms are restricted to G1. A conserved tyrosine near the carboxy terminus (Tyr445) is required for phosphorylation in vivo. A point mutation, Tyr445 to Asp, causes cells to arrest prior to anaphase. The frequency of new microtubules appearing in the SPB region and the number of microtubules are increased in tub4-Y445D cells, suggesting this mutation promotes microtubule assembly. These data suggest that modification of gamma-tubulin is important for controlling microtubule number, thereby influencing microtubule organization and function during the yeast cell cycle.
Assuntos
Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anáfase , Animais , Benomilo/farmacologia , Ciclo Celular , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Genes Dominantes , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Microscopia de Vídeo , Microtúbulos/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Fosforilação , Mutação Puntual , Isoformas de Proteínas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Fuso Acromático/química , Fuso Acromático/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Tubulina (Proteína)/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética , Tirosina/genética , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMO
Organization of and experience gained so far by the Psychotherapy Department for adolescents, a unique establishment of this type in the Soviet Union, are described. This department has a multi-stage structure, and its activities are based on a complete non-constraint of patients' behavior. The therapeutic complex that includes psychotherapeutic management, therapeutic education and the climate of the Department is conventionally called as "joy therapy". The therapeutic and rehabilitation facilities of the Department proved adequate in diagnosing patients suffering from schizophrenia.