Morphometric and genetic changes in a population of Apis mellifera after 34 years of Africanization.

Though the replacement of European bees by Africanized honey bees in tropical America has attracted considerable attention, little is known about the temporal changes in morphological and genetic characteristics in these bee populations. We examined the changes in the morphometric and genetic profiles of an Africanized honey bee population collected near where the original African swarms escaped, after 34 years of Africanization. Workers from colonies sampled in 1968 and in 2002 were morphometrically analyzed using relative warps analysis and an Automatic Bee Identification System (ABIS). All the colonies had their mitochondrial DNA identified. The subspecies that mixed to form the Africanized honey bees were used as a comparison for the morphometric analysis. The two morphometric approaches showed great similarity of Africanized bees with the African subspecies, Apis mellifera scutellata, corroborating with other markers. We also found the population of 1968 to have the pattern of wing venation to be more similar to A. m. scutellata than the current population. The mitochondrial DNA of European origin, which was very common in the 1968 population, was not found in the current population, indicating selective pressure replacing the European with the African genome in this tropical region. Both morphometric methodologies were very effective in discriminating the A. mellifera groups; the non-linear analysis of ABIS was the most successful in identifying the bees, with more than 94% correct classifications.

[Local 133xenon clearance in the eye and comparative in vitro wash-out time determination in patients with monoclonal gammopathy]. / Lokale 133Xenon-Clearance am Auge sowie vergleichende in-vitro-Laufzeitbestimmungen bei Patienten mit monoklonaler Gammopathie.

The authors investigated the dependence of the local clearance of 133xenon to the viscosity of the blood. Increase of viscosity of blood compared with decrease of local clearance of 133xenon by patients with monoclonal gammopathy were demonstrated. It was also shown that using the Beta-part of radiation of 133xenon is sufficient for looking for wash-out-times of the anterior eye segment. However, use of 133xenon in isotonic solution is also possible in other ophthalmological diseases for differentiation.

[Clearance rate of gingiva and content of collagen of inflammated and clinically non-inflammated papilla interdentalis]. / Clearancerate der Gingiva und Kollagengehalt der entzündeten und klinisch entzündungsfreien Papilla interdentalis.

UNLABELLED: The gingiva vessel function has been defined by gingivitis (A), clinical sound gingiva without (B) and with loss in attachment (C) as well as the collagen fraction by biopsy material. The division of the probands at the age between 20 and 24 years into groups has been carried out after checking the SBI, PII (Silness/Loe) and the loss of attachment of the teeth 43-33. The vessel function has been found out through the impulse rate of the gingiva Xenon-133-clearance by calculating the clearance rates (CR) (groups: A1 n = 15; B1 n = 18; C1 n = 16). The vestibular interdental papillae have been elaborated in a second study for finding out the collagen fractions with the Stegemann method modified by Woessner (groups: A2 n = 18; B2 n = 10; C2 n = 12). The statistical reliability has been checked by the t-test (F-test) and the u-test by Mann and Whitney. RESULTS: In the clearance study the CR in group A1 are higher and in group C1 lower than in group B1. In the second study the increased collagen solubility in group A2 by inflammation is confirmed, in group C2 a significant higher share in unsoluble collagen and total collagen has been defined than in group B2.

[Systolic time interval, stress ergometry and 133-xenon clearance in obesity]. / Verhalten systolischer Zeitintervalle, Belastungsergometrie und 133-Xenon-Clearance bei Adipositas.

Systolic time intervals were measured with 55 middle aged healthy normal weight and 76 healthy overweight probands in two positions (standing and lying). In 39 adipose patients and 55 normal weight subjects an ergometric work was carried out. A significant difference between normal and extremely adipose subjects without cardiac diseases could not be noticed with regard to the preejection index. Preejection period and left ventricular ejection time showed significant differences in both positions between normal and overweight probands, independent of blood pressure. In overweight patients there was a significantly decreased heart work load. The preejection index of adipose patients with a work load below 76 watts amounted to a mean value of 1,04. A work load of 100 watts was reached by only half of the adipose patients. In 32 adipose subjects with a heart work load above 75 watts the regulation of heart-rate and blood-pressure was not different from that of normal weight persons. Muscle blood flow was measured by 133Xenon-Clearance after Lassen et al. The measurement of the 133Xenon-Clearance of the arm muscle at rest in 29 adipose patients resulted in significantly lower values compared with normal weight persons.

[The influence of the body weight on the 133 xenon clearance of the brachial muscles (author's transl)]. / Einfluss des Körpergewichtes auf die 133-Xenon-Clearance.

Muscles blood flow (MBF) was determined by 133-Xenon-Clearance at rest in 78 persons free of vascular symptoms. Significant differences were found between males and females with normal body weight. Depending on the special composition of both groups (normal subjects and obese under 60 years) there was no significant decrease of MBF with increasing age.

[The use of Ornipressin in dental local anesthesia]. / Zur Anwendung von Ornipressin in der zahnärztlichen Lokalanästhesie.

Blood-pressure and pulse-rate measurements, sensibility tests and tissue clearance measurements were performed in juvenile patients aged from 12 to 18 years to evaluate the clinical effects and side-effects of the new vasoconstrictor POR 8 (ornipressin) in ambulatory dental treatments. There were no significant differences in efficiency compared to adrenaline. Indications for the use of POR 8 are mentioned.

[Clinical evaluation of the arterial system in hemophiliacs as a model for long-term anticoagulation]. / Klinische Beurteilung des arteriellen Gefässsystems bei Hämophiliepatienten als Modellfall einer Langzeitantikoagulierung.

Issuing from the question of the value of a prophylactic anticoagulation for the purpose of prevention of arteriosclerosis 25 patients with haemophilia were examined with the aim to detect possible connections between coagulation potential and arteriosclerosis taking into consideration factors of risk and age. Indeed, also in these patients who were "anticoagulated" from birth factors of risk and references to an existing arteriosclerosis were found. Correlation analyses, however, indicated tendencies, which suggest a protective influence of the hypocoagulability concerning factors of risk and arteriosclerosis.

[Fluoride metabolism in the rat. 3. Distribution in the gastrointestinal tract after oral application]. / Fluormetabolismus der Ratte. 3. Mitteilung: Verteilung im Magen-Darm-Trakt nach oraler Applikation.

With relation to the investigation of the mechanism of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, the present third communication deals with a study of the distribution or absorption of fluorine-18 after oral application. This mode of application creates experimental conditions simulating the conditions of water fluoridation. Special attention is paid to the fluorine distribution or absorption in the following six portions: stomach, segments 1--3 of the small intestine, coecum und rectum. Furthermore, the question of its possible accumulation in the soft parts and its retention in the hard tissues were examined as compared with the results from intravenous application.

[Fluoride metabolism in the rat. 2. Distribution in a number of soft tissues]. / Fluormetabolismus der Ratte 2. Metteilung: Verteilung in einer Reihe von Weichgeweben.

From their studies on fluorine metabolism, the authors present some results concerning the distribution of fluorine in a series of soft tissues in relation to the fluorine concentration in the blood and to the uptake by the hard tissues after intravenous injection of fluorine-18. Unlike the hard tissues, the soft ones showed no storage of fluorine.